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![Solanum limoncochaense Tepe. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flowers. D. Stamens. E. Infructescence. F. Fruit (immature). (All drawn from M.T. Madison et al. 5327 [MO]).](profile/Eric-Tepe/publication/239536550/figure/fig2/AS:669406581510166@1536610374763/Solanum-limoncochaense-Tepe-A-Habit-B-Inflorescence-C-Flowers-D-Stamens-E.png)
Solanum limoncochaense Tepe. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Flowers. D. Stamens. E. Infructescence. F. Fruit (immature). (All drawn from M.T. Madison et al. 5327 [MO]).
Source publication
Three new species of Solanum sect. Herpystichum from Ecuador are described and illustrated: S. limoncochaense, endemic to the lowlands of eastern Ecuador, S. pacificum, endemic to the Pacific lowlands, and S. crassinervium, from northwestern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia. Solanum limoncochaense resembles the Colombian species S. dalibardiforme,...
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The Zona da Mata region is located in southeastern Minas Gerais State, Brazil with fauna and flora diversified, including herbivorous insects and Solanaceae plants. Ithomiinae caterpillars were observed damaging tree of Solanum granulosoleprosum Dunal (Solanaceae), used for different purposes and abundant in secondary forest. The objective of this...
We investigate native and introduced populations of Solanum rostratum, an annual, self-compatible plant that has been introduced around the globe. This study is the first to compare the genetic diversity of Solanum rostratum between native and introduced populations. We aim to (1) determine the level of genetic diversity across the studied regions;...
It was developed a morphological and taxonomic study of the Solanaceae family at Rio das Pedras Reserve, which represents a fragment of the AtlanticRain Forest, in themunicipality ofMangaratiba, at Rio de Janeiro State. There were registered 33 species of 10 genera, being Solanum themost representative. Solanum hirtellum and Solanum pensile are doc...
O Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam) pertencente à família Solanaceae é originário de regiões Andinas geralmente produz aproximadamente 1.000 sementes por fruto, sendo a reprodução sexuada a principal forma de propagação desta espécie. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento na emergência de sementes de Lulo, oriundas d...
In Brazil, the Solanaceae family has 31 genus and about 500 native species. The genus Solanum is the largest and most complex of his family. It is estimated that the genus consists about 1500 species and 5000 epithets that are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, South America being the center of greatest diversity of his kind....
Citations
... Solanum L. is one of the most species-rich vascular plant genera in South America (Jørgensen et al. 2011), where many new species continue to be described (e.g., Anderson et al. 2006;Stern 2014;Stern and Bohs 2010;Knapp 2010 a,b;Farruggia and Bohs 2010;Tepe and Bohs 2009;Tepe et al. 2012;Särkinen et al. 2013aSärkinen et al. , 2015aSärkinen et al. , 2015b. Within South America, the tropical Andes represent one of the main centres of species diversity for Solanum for both spiny (Leptostemonum clade, see Stern et al. 2011) and non-spiny clades (Weese and Bohs 2007;Särkinen et al. 2013b). ...
The Gran Chaco Americano is a major savanna woodland system in South America that harbours great plant and animal diversity. Two new herbaceous species of the Morelloid clade of Solanum (largely corresponding to the traditional Solanum section Solanum) are described here from the Bolivian Chaco. Both species are morphologically similar to a group of related species with glandular pubescence and enlarged, foliaceous calyces that includes S. atriplicifolium Gillies ex Nees, S. nitidibaccatum Bitter, S. physalifolium Rusby, S. sarrachoides Sendtn. and S. tweedianum Hook. Solanum woodii Särkinen & S.Knapp, sp. nov. is unusual in the Morelloid clade in having tapering anthers on short filaments, and is superficially similar to the unrelated S. anomalostemon S.Knapp & M.Nee from dry forests in Peru. Solanum michaelis Särkinen & S.Knapp, sp. nov. is distinct in its enlarged calyx with a short tube and long lobes that apparently reflex at fruit maturity. Both new taxa are illustrated, their conservation status assessed, and their distributions mapped. We also provide a key to the glandular-pubescent herbaceous Solanum species of the Chaco vegetation to aid in identification of these taxa.
... obs.) and include arid deserts and mesic pine forests to wet rainforests, with the greatest diversity of species between 2000 and 4000 m (Correll, 1962;Hijmans & Spooner, 2001). Despite the nearly 200 years of research since Dunal's (1816) treatment, new species continue to be discovered in the Potato clade (Anderson, 1975;Anderson & Bernardello, 1991;Nee & al., 2006;Bennett, 2008;Tepe & Bohs, 2009;Tepe & al., 2012;Särkinen & al., 2015) and we expect this list to grow as exploration of under-collected areas continues. ...
With ca. 200 species, the informally named Potato clade represents one of the larger subgroups of the estimated 1500 species of Solanum. Because its members include the potato (S. tuberosum), tomato (S. lycopersicum), and pepino (S. muricatum), it is the most economically important clade in the genus. These crop species and their close relatives have been the focus of intensive research, but relationships among major lineages of the Potato clade remain poorly understood. In this study, we use sequences from the nuclear ITS and waxy (GBSSI), and plastid trnT-trnF and trnS-trnG to estimate a phylogeny and further explore relationships within the Potato clade. With increased sampling over past studies, the Potato clade emerges as a strongly supported clade and comprises 12–13 subclades which, for the most part, correspond to traditionally recognized sections. Solanum sect. Regmandra is sister to the rest of the lineages of the Potato clade which are, in turn, organized into two major subclades: (1) sections Anarrhichomenum, Articulatum, Basarthrum, Etuberosum, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicoides, Lycopersicon, and Petota, and (2) sections Herpystichum and Pteroidea. As in all other studies including these groups, sections Etuberosum, Juglandifolia, Lycopersicoides, Lycopersicon, and Petota form a strongly supported clade. Solanum oxycoccoides, a high-elevation species endemic to north-central Peru, was tentatively assigned to several groups within Solanum based on morphological evidence, but instead the species represents an independent lineage within the Potato clade, sister to the first major subclade. A key to the sections of the Potato clade is provided.
... Discovery on such a grand scale is no longer a reality, but detailed focus on groups of plants reveals that a great deal of diversity remains to be uncovered. Fieldwork associated with the PBI (Planetary Biodiversity Inventory) Solanum project has resulted in the collection or description of nearly 50 new species of Solanum L.to date (recent examples include Tepe and Bohs 2009, Stern and Bohs 2009, 2010, Farruggia and Bohs 2010, Farruggia et al. 2010, Knapp 2010a, b, Vorontsova and Mbago 2010, Vorontsova et al. 2010), including the new species of Solanum sect. Anarrhichomenum Bitter from southern Ecuador and northern Peru described here. ...
We describe Solanum baretiaesp. nov., a new species of Solanum section Anarrhichomenum, named in honor of Jeanne Baret, who sailed as the assistant to botanist Philibert Commerson on Louis Antoine de Bougainville's global circumnavigation (1766-1769). The species is similar to Solanum chimborazense, but differs in having larger flowers, more flowers per inflorescence, and different patterns of pubescence on the filaments (pubescent adaxially and glabrous abaxially) and style (papillose to sparsely pubescent). A description, illustration, photos, and comparisons to similar species are included. Also included is a preliminary conservation assessment, along with a brief account of the important role played by Baret during the expedition. The new species appears to be restricted to the Amotape-Huancabamba zone, an area of southern Ecuador and northern Peru known for its exceptional biodiversity.
... In addition, the first author collected six species of sect. Herpystichum , including three new species ( Tepe and Bohs 2009 ), during a collecting trip to Ecuador in 2009. Details of exsiccatae are available on the Solanaceae Source webpage ( www.solanaceaesource.org ). ...
... The remaining three species were described by Tepe ( Tepe and Bohs 2009 ). Many species of sect. ...
Abstract—Solanum section Herpystichum includes 10 species of ground-trailing and climbing vines that root adventitiously at the nodes. Molecular data support section Herpystichum as a member of the Potato clade of Solanum. All of the species inhabit primary and secondary rainforests and occur from southern Mexico to northern Peru. The group is defined by its vining, node-rooting habit, and by its fruit structure; several species have strongly flattened fruits that are unique in Solanum. Most species of sect. Herpystichum have narrow distributions, and four species are endemic to Ecuador and one is endemic to Colombia. Moreover, they tend to be rare in the habitats where they occur and, as a result, are poorly collected and poorly known. Also, because of their restricted distributions, small numbers of populations, and habitat destruction, seven of the 10 species are considered rare and threatened. Descriptions, distribution maps, a phylogeny, photos or illustrations, and a key to the species are presented.
... species of Solanum are being provided on-line. This intensity of work in the genus by a large number of collaborators, along with the massive increase in specimens available from the Andean regions of South America and intensive work in the undetermined collections of herbaria worldwide has meant that species limits are being re-evaluated using modern methods (e.g., Spooner et al. 2008, Ames and Spooner 2010) and many new taxa are being discovered, both in the field and in herbaria (see Chiarini 2004, Knapp 2005, Peralta et al. 2005, Anderson et al. 2006, Granados-Tochoy and Orozco 2006, Nee et al. 2006, Granados-Tochoy et al. 2007, Knapp 2007, 2008, Knapp and Nee 2009, Stern and Bohs 2009, Tepe and Bohs 2009, Knapp 2010). In addition, the intensive global monographic project, in conjunction with a commitment by the botanical community to achieving Targets 1 (a global plant species checklist) and 2 (preliminary conservation assessments for all known plant species) of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC; Secretariat of the CBD 2002), means that recognition and description of endemic or near endemic taxa or those facing a significant conservation threat is particularly timely. ...
Three new species of "non-spiny" Solanum are described from Peru and Ecuador, and a revised description for Solanum verecundum M. Nee is presented. Solanum kulliwaita S. Knapp, sp. nov. (Dulcamaroid clade) is endemic to the Department of Cuzco in southern Peru, and is most similar to the recently described Solanum sanchez-vegae S. Knapp of northern Peru. Solanum dillonii S. Knapp, sp. nov. (Brevantherum clade) is found in southern Ecuador and northern Peru in the Amotape-Huancabamba phytogeographic zone, and is morphologically similar to the widespread Solanum riparium Ruiz & Pav. Solanum oxapampense S. Knapp, sp. nov., (also of the Brevantherum clade) is endemic to the Oxapampa region (Department of Pasco) of central Peru, and is similar to and segregated from Solanum verecundum M. Nee of Peru and Ecuador. Complete descriptions, distributions and preliminary conservation assessments of all new species are given.
Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil are described. Solanum anisocladum Giacomin & Stehmann is similar to S. megalochiton Mart., but differs by the indument of the adaxial leaf surface, which is composed of long porrect-stellate and unbranched tri-chomes. It also has a more robust habit and a unique branching pattern of the flowering stems. It is restricted to the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil and was previously misidentified as S. megalochiton. The other species, Solanum caelicolum Giacomin & Stehmann, is endemic to Espírito Santo state and is most similar to S. hirtellum (Spreng.) Hassl., but differs mainly by its adaxial leaf indument, with por-rect-stellate trichomes with a central ray smaller than the lateral ones, by its comparatively larger fruiting calyx that can reach up to three times the diameter of the mature berry and by its sessile to subsessile unbranched congested inflorescence. Both species belong to the Brevantherum clade, one of the main lineages identified in the genus Solanum, and are placed together in a clade which contains species from S. sects. Extensum D'Arcy and Stellatigeminatum Child. Complete descriptions, distributions, and preliminary conservation assessments of the new species are given.
Solanum section Herpystichum is a lineage that comprises both widespread and very narrowly distributed species. This study investigates the phylogenetic relationships of sect. Herpystichum and evaluates several phylogenetic methods for analysis of multiple sequences.
Sequence data from seven nuclear (ITS, GBSSI, and five COSII) and three plastid (psbA-trnH, trnT-trnF, and trnS-trnG) regions were concatenated and analyzed under maximum parsimony and Bayesian criteria. In addition, we used two analytical methods that take into account differences in topologies resulting from the analyses of the individual markers: Bayesian Estimation of Species Trees (BEST) and supertree analysis.
The monophyletic Solanum sect. Herpystichum was resolved with moderate support in the concatenated maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses and the supertree analysis, and relationships within the section were well-resolved and strongly supported. The BEST topology, however, was poorly resolved. Also, because of how BEST deals with missing sequences, >25% of our accessions, including two species, had to be excluded from the analyses. Our results indicate a progenitor-descendent relationship with two species nested within the widespread S. evolvulifolium.
Analytical methods that consider individual topologies are important for studies based on multiple molecular markers. On the basis of analyses in this study, BEST had the serious shortcoming that taxa with missing sequences must be removed from the analysis or they can produce spurious topologies. Supertree analysis provided a good alternative for our data by allowing the inclusion of all 10 species of sect. Herpystichum.
