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Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann. A Habit B Corolla cross section showing stamens C Larger stamen in ventral and dorsal view D Smaller stamens in ventral and dorsal view E Gynoecium F Young bud G Fruit H Seed I Detail of the hairs of stems, peduncles and calyces (glandular) and leaves (eglandular). All from Mattos-Silva s.n. (CEPEC-15698). Scale bars A= 3 cm; B, C, D, E, F and G = 5 mm; H = 2 mm ; I = 0.2 mm.
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A new species of Solanum from Brazil is described. Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann, sp. nov. belongs to section Gonatotrichum, a small group assigned to the Brevantherum Clade of the genus Solanum. It resembles Solanum turneroides Chodat, sharing with it heterandry, and Solanum parcistrigosum Bitter, with which it shares a similar habit an...
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It was developed a morphological and taxonomic study of the Solanaceae family at Rio das Pedras Reserve, which represents a fragment of the AtlanticRain Forest, in themunicipality ofMangaratiba, at Rio de Janeiro State. There were registered 33 species of 10 genera, being Solanum themost representative. Solanum hirtellum and Solanum pensile are doc...
In Brazil, the Solanaceae family has 31 genus and about 500 native species. The genus Solanum is the largest and most complex of his family. It is estimated that the genus consists about 1500 species and 5000 epithets that are located in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, South America being the center of greatest diversity of his kind....
RESUMEN: Se da a conocer la presencia de Solanum chenopodiodes Lam. en Madrid, por primera vez. Supone la única población conocida para el centro de la Península Ibérica. Se aportan fotografías tomadas en el lugar del hallazgo e imágenes de la descripción original y de la primera ilustración que se conoce de la especie. ABSTRACT: The presence of So...
We investigate native and introduced populations of Solanum rostratum, an annual, self-compatible plant that has been introduced around the globe. This study is the first to compare the genetic diversity of Solanum rostratum between native and introduced populations. We aim to (1) determine the level of genetic diversity across the studied regions;...
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... This problem is largest in Central and South American forests, both regions with endemic genera at risk, such as Duckeodendron (Cramer et al. 2007), Latua, Plowmania, Darcyanthus, as well as many threatened species of other genera Stehmann and Greppi 2011). Some species are listed in the IUCN Red List (2007) (Knapp 2007(Knapp , 2010cGranados-Tochoy et al. 2007;Knapp and Nee 2009;Giacomin and Stehmann 2011), or Vulnerable species (Farruggia and Bohs 2010;Stern and Bohs 2012). Finally, Solanum fernandezianum is an endemic species in danger of extinction on the Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile (Stuessy et al. 1998;Ricci 2006) where some conservation measures have been taken (Solano et al. 2011). ...
Shrubs or perennial to annual herbs, rarely trees, rosette-forming or ephemerals, sometimes with tuberous or gemmiferous roots, or with tubers or stolons; stems occasionally with heteroblastic growth or with cauline spines; plants glabrous, frequently viscose or slightly or densely wooly-tomentose, with a diverse array of non-glandular and glandular trichomes. Leaves alternate, often in pairs, sometimes becoming opposite in the inflorescence, usually simple, entire, infrequently pinnatifid to deeply dissected or compound, exstipulate. Flowers perfect, rarely functionally unisexual in dioecious or andromonoecious plants, sessile to mostly pedicellate, fragrant or not, solitary or more commonly in axillary, extra-axillary, or terminal multi-flowered lax panicles, cymes or fascicles. Perianth (4)5(6)-merous; calyx actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic, undivided or slightly to much divided, usually persistent and variously accrescent; corolla actinomorphic or zygomorphic, rotate, stellate, tubular, infundibuliform or hypocrateriform, exceptionally papilionaceous, tube glabrous or hairy inside, lobes longer or shorter than the tube, similar or dissimilar in size, aestivation valvate, valvate-induplicate, valvate-plicate, valvate-conduplicate, valvate-supervolute, cochlear, cochlear-conduplicate, cochlear-plicate, contorted-induplicate, contorted-conduplicate, contorted-plicate, quincuncial, or reciprocative; androecium included or exserted, 5-merous, 6-merous (Goetzea), 4-merous (then stamens equal in Nothocestrum, otherwise didynamous: 4 fertile or 2 fertile stamens and 2 staminodes; sometimes also with a fifth staminode) or with 2 fertile mobile stamens in lateral or dorsal position and 3 staminodes with vestigial or sometimes without anthers, filaments straight or declinate, inserted at different heights on the corolla tube, distinct or connate in a basal ring fused to the corolla, filament base appendages adnate to petal tube (“stapet”) absent, inconspicuous or conspicuous (with or generally without basal auricles), anthers dorsifixed, basifixed, dorsi-basifixed, or ventrifixed, extrorse, introrse or latrorse, frequently connivent (in Solanum sect. Lycopersicon with sterile apices and joined in a column), thecae generally non confluent apically, equal or unequal, dehiscence longitudinal or by terminal pores or slits, connective inconspicuous, wide, forming a dorsal layer of uniform and slight thickness, or thick with an emerging hump; gynoecium with oblique orientation (except Nicandra), usually bicarpellate, 3–5-carpellate in Jaborosa, Nicandra, Trianaea, and up to 30-carpellate in Nolana, ovary generally bilocular, sometimes 4-locular due to false septa, superior or sometimes partly inferior, glabrous or with trichomes or prickles; style heteromorphic or homomorphic, straight or declinate, terminal or subterminal, stigma variously shaped, usually wet and papillate (papillae rarely lacking); nectary absent, cryptic, or evident, then annular, invaginated or with 2 prominent lobes. Fruit generally a many-seeded berry or a septifragal, septicidal or septicidal-loculicidal capsule, rarely a pyxidium, drupe, diclesium or schizocarp. Seeds 1 to ca. 5000, compressed, then discoid, lenticular, reniform, irregularly ovoid or not compressed, then generally angular, cuboidal, ovoid, prismatic, polyhedric, subspherical, reniform; embryo straight to coiled, U-shaped only in Duckeodendron, cotyledons incumbent or oblique, less frequently accumbent, usually equal, slightly longer or shorter (up to 12 times shorter in the Australian endemic genera) and as wide or rarely broader than rest of embryo; endosperm rarely absent, generally copious, storing mainly oil and starch, with cellular type of endosperm formation (nuclear only in Schizanthus).
... The taxonomic conclusions presented are a result of extensive field and herbarium work. We examined specimens from the following herbaria: We also field-collected five of the eight recognized species, including two recently described species (Stern and Bohs 2009;Giacomin and Stehmann 2011). Details of exsiccatae are cited here and are also available on the Solanaceae Source webpage (www .solanaceaesource.org). ...
... Recent herbarium and field studies have resulted in the description of S. manabiense S.Stern from Ecuador (Stern and Bohs 2009) and S. evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann from Bahia, Brazil (Giacomin and Stehmann 2011). Concurrent phylogenetic and taxonomic work has led to the present revision as well as a published molecular phylogeny of the section (Stern and Bohs 2012; see below). ...
Solanum section Gonatotrichum (Solanaceae) includes eight species native to North, Central, and South America. Plants of this section are herbs to woody shrubs that lack spines, are pubescent with simple or stellate hairs, and have berries that swell due to increased turgor pressure and explosively dehisce to disperse the seeds. Section Gonatotrichum is closely related to section Brevantherum, from which it differs by the presence of explosive fruit dehiscence and simple hairs in all taxa except S. lignescens, which has stellate pubescence. The morphology, taxonomic history, nomenclature, ecology, distribution, and reproductive biology of Solanum section Gonatotrichum are reviewed. A dichotomous key is provided for the species of the section.
... Until recently, this section was thought to contain two species (Nee 1989). A forthcoming revision (Stern et al. in review) and this contribution recognize eight species within it: Solanum adscendens Sendtn., Solanum deflexum Greenm., Solanum evolvuloides Giacomin & Stehmann (recently described, see Giacomin and Stehmann 2011), Solanum hoffmanseggii Sendtn., Solanum lignescens Fernald, Solanum manabiense S. Stern, Solanum parcistrigosum Bitter, and Solanum turneroides Chodat. The purpose of this study is to clarify the circumscription of section Gonatotrichum and to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the species of the section as well as its placement within the larger Brevantherum clade. ...
... In both studies they formed a strongly supported monophyletic group sister to the remaining sampled members of the Brevantherum clade. Concurrently, morphological and field studies of the group identified two new species, Solanum manabiense (Stern and Bohs 2009) and Solanum evolvuloides (Giacomin and Stehmann 2011), and clarified species limits and nomenclatural problems in the section. The presence of explosively dehiscent fruits in the Mesoamerican Solanum lignescens suggested that it also belongs to the group despite its stellate rather than simple pubescence (Stern et al. in review). ...
Solanum is one of the largest plant genera and exhibits a wide range of morphological diversity. Solanum section Gonatotrichum, the focus of this study, is unique within the genus because of its fruits that swell with turgor pressure and explosively dehisce to disperse the seeds. We infer phylogenetic relationships within section Gonatotrichum using DNA sequence data from two nuclear regions (ITS and the granule-bound starch synthase gene [GBSSI or waxy]) and the chloroplast region trnT-F. The resulting phylogenetic trees support the monophyly of the section with the inclusion of Solanum lignescens, a species not previously thought to belong to the group due to the presence of stellate hairs. This inclusion of this species in section Gonatotrichum suggests that the simple, often geniculate hairs of species in the group may represent reduced stellate hairs. The presence of heterantherous flowers appears to be derived in the section, but this character is largely lost in Solanum parcistrigosum.
Solanaceae é uma das maiores famílias de plantas vasculares, com 100 gêneros e ca. de 2.500 espécies, com distribuição subcosmopolita e maior diversidade na região Neotropical. Este trabalho realizou um levantamento florístico das espécies de Solanaceae no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, em área ecotonal entre Caatinga e Mata Atlântica. Foram realizadas coletas semanais de agosto/2019 a março/2020, totalizando 30 espécimes, depositados nos herbários HUESBVC e HVC. Foram registradas 19 espécies, distribuídas em nove gêneros: Brunfelsia (2 spp.), Capsicum (1 sp.), Cestrum (1 sp.), Datura (1 sp.), Iochroma (1 sp.) Nicandra (1 sp.), Nicotiana (1 sp.), Physalis (1 sp.) e Solanum (10 spp.). Dentre as espécies coletadas, cinco são endêmicas para o Brasil e 11 foram novos registros para o município. Nossos resultados demonstram que Solanaceae é uma família de elevada riqueza de espécies no município, contribuindo para o conhecimento da flora local.
Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from eastern Brazil are described. Solanum anisocladum Giacomin & Stehmann is similar to S. megalochiton Mart., but differs by the indument of the adaxial leaf surface, which is composed of long porrect-stellate and unbranched tri-chomes. It also has a more robust habit and a unique branching pattern of the flowering stems. It is restricted to the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil and was previously misidentified as S. megalochiton. The other species, Solanum caelicolum Giacomin & Stehmann, is endemic to Espírito Santo state and is most similar to S. hirtellum (Spreng.) Hassl., but differs mainly by its adaxial leaf indument, with por-rect-stellate trichomes with a central ray smaller than the lateral ones, by its comparatively larger fruiting calyx that can reach up to three times the diameter of the mature berry and by its sessile to subsessile unbranched congested inflorescence. Both species belong to the Brevantherum clade, one of the main lineages identified in the genus Solanum, and are placed together in a clade which contains species from S. sects. Extensum D'Arcy and Stellatigeminatum Child. Complete descriptions, distributions, and preliminary conservation assessments of the new species are given.
The impact of donors, such as national government (bi-lateral), private sector, and individual financial (philanthropic) contributions, on domestic health policies of developing nations has been the subject of scholarly discourse. Little is known, however, about the impact of global financial initiatives, such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, on policies and health governance of countries receiving funding from such initiatives.
This study employs a qualitative methodological design based on a single case study: Brazil. Analysis at national, inter-governmental and community levels is based on in-depth interviews with the Global Fund and the Brazilian Ministry of Health and civil societal activists. Primary research is complemented with information from printed media, reports, journal articles, and books, which were used to deepen our analysis while providing supporting evidence.
Our analysis suggests that in Brazil, Global Fund financing has helped to positively transform health governance at three tiers of analysis: the national-level, inter-governmental-level, and community-level. At the national-level, Global Fund financing has helped to increased political attention and commitment to relatively neglected diseases, such as tuberculosis, while harmonizing intra-bureaucratic relationships; at the inter-governmental-level, Global Fund financing has motivated the National Tuberculosis Programme to strengthen its ties with state and municipal health departments, and non-governmental organisations (NGOs); while at the community-level, the Global Fund's financing of civil societal institutions has encouraged the emergence of new civic movements, participation, and the creation of new municipal participatory institutions designed to monitor the disbursement of funds for Global Fund grants.
Global Fund financing can help deepen health governance at multiple levels. Future work will need to explore how the financing of civil society by the Global Fund and other donors influence policy agenda-setting and institutional innovations for increased civic participation in health governance and accountability to citizens.
