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Soil physical properties of the area cultivated with maize in function of biological fertilizer and soil cover plants, and a forest fragment as a control, crop season 2016/17
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As propriedades físicas do solo exercem influencia no crescimento radicular das plantas, que dependendo do nível de restrição, a produtividade da cultura é reduzida. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos da adubação biológica e plantas de cobertura sobre as propriedades físicas do solo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas safras (2015/16 e...
Citations
... Moreover, soil microorganisms by their diversity and composition have a great impact on changing the chemical properties of the soil (Zhalnina et al., 2015;, nutrient availability (Tian, Razavi, Zhang, Wang, & Blagodatskaya, 2020), soil physical properties (Ascari, de Araújo, Mendes, Prieto, & de Carvalho, 2020) and managing soil fertility (Mohamed et al., 2021). On the other hand, surveys such as that conducted by Hermans et al. (2017); Kaminsky, Trouche, and Morales (2017);Prober et al. (2015) have shown that soil type (Gömöryová et al., 2020), plant diversity (Gillespie et al., 2020;Wen et al., 2020;Zhong et al., 2020), soil water (Barreiro et al., 2020;Q. ...
Today, the resources required for agricultural production in the world
are not unlimited and a continuous development cannot be achieved to
the desired extent by disrupting the natural balance. Sustainable
agriculture is of utmost importance in terms of creating a society that
meets its needs without endangering future generations. It is necessary
to increase the productivity of our agricultural lands by protecting soil
and water resources, protecting natural resources, combating erosion
and forest fires, ensuring biodiversity, integrated pesticide
management, and using appropriate cultivation techniques in
agriculture. Organic agriculture, which has become more and more
important in recent years, will always be an important requirement for
sustainable living and sustainable agriculture.
For a sustainable agriculture, macro and micro nutrients have an
important role for both the soil and the plant, in case of excessive or
underuse, some adverse events occur in the soil and the plant, and accordingly, it causes great losses in terms of yield. Again, in terms of
the sustainability of the cotton plant, macro and micro nutrients have
important effects, and in case of deficiency and excess, it can cause
significant problems in the plant.
... Moreover, soil microorganisms by their diversity and composition have a great impact on changing the chemical properties of the soil (Zhalnina et al., 2015;, nutrient availability (Tian, Razavi, Zhang, Wang, & Blagodatskaya, 2020), soil physical properties (Ascari, de Araújo, Mendes, Prieto, & de Carvalho, 2020) and managing soil fertility (Mohamed et al., 2021). On the other hand, surveys such as that conducted by Hermans et al. (2017); Kaminsky, Trouche, and Morales (2017);Prober et al. (2015) have shown that soil type (Gömöryová et al., 2020), plant diversity (Gillespie et al., 2020;Wen et al., 2020;Zhong et al., 2020), soil water (Barreiro et al., 2020;Q. ...
... Soil cover species, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), have been studied in relation to soil cover rate, decomposition rate, nutrient content and phytomass production (FERREIRA et al., 2019;PASSOS et al., 2017;PFÜLLER et al., 2019;VUICIK et al., 2018). In addition, the effects on the chemical and physical properties of the soil (ASCARI et al., 2020;NASCENTE;STONE, 2018;PASSOS et al., 2017;SOUSA et al., 2017;VUICIK et al., 2018), nematodes in soybean (DEBIASI et al., 2016), invasive plants (VUICIK et al., 2018) and, consequently, on the grain yields of rice, soybean and corn (ASCARI et al., 2020;DEBIASI et al., 2016;NASCENTE, STONE, 2018), have been investigated. These studies have pointed out benefi cial aspects of these species in single cropping and in intercropping. ...
... Soil cover species, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), have been studied in relation to soil cover rate, decomposition rate, nutrient content and phytomass production (FERREIRA et al., 2019;PASSOS et al., 2017;PFÜLLER et al., 2019;VUICIK et al., 2018). In addition, the effects on the chemical and physical properties of the soil (ASCARI et al., 2020;NASCENTE;STONE, 2018;PASSOS et al., 2017;SOUSA et al., 2017;VUICIK et al., 2018), nematodes in soybean (DEBIASI et al., 2016), invasive plants (VUICIK et al., 2018) and, consequently, on the grain yields of rice, soybean and corn (ASCARI et al., 2020;DEBIASI et al., 2016;NASCENTE, STONE, 2018), have been investigated. These studies have pointed out benefi cial aspects of these species in single cropping and in intercropping. ...
... These studies were conducted with three replicates and plots of 24 m 2 (FERREIRA et al., 2019), four replicates and plots of 12 m 2 (PFÜLLER et al., 2019); 25 m 2 (ASCARI et al., 2020); 50 m 2 (PASSOS et al., 2017); 60 m 2 (DEBIASI et al., 2016); and 150 m 2 (SOUSA et al., 2017), fi ve replicates and plots of 18 m 2 (VUICIK et al., 2018) and six replicates and plots of 168 m 2 (NASCENTE; STONE, 2018). In these studies, the criteria used to defi ne the plot size and the number of replicates were not mentioned. ...
ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to determine the optimal plot size to evaluate fresh matter in millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) and slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), in scenarios formed by combinations of numbers of treatments, numbers of replicates, and levels of precision. Fifteen uniformity trials with millet and slender leaf rattlebox, in single cropping or intercropping, were carried out. Fresh matter was evaluated in 540 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m (15 trials × 36 BEU per trial). The soil heterogeneity index of Smith (1938) was estimated. Plot size was determined by the method of Hatheway (1961) in scenarios formed by combinations of i treatments (i = 5, 10, 15 and 20), r replicates (r = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), and d precision levels (d = 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20%). To evaluate the fresh matter of millet and slender leaf rattlebox, in single or intercropping, in experiments in completely randomized or randomized block designs, with 5 to 20 treatments and with five replicates, plots with 10 m² of usable area are sufficient for differences between treatments of 10% of the overall mean of the experiment to be considered significant at 0.05 probability level.
... Soil cover species, such as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), and showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis) have been studied regarding different aspects, such as the soil cover rate, decomposition rate, nutrient content, and phytomass production (PASSOS et al., 2017;FERREIRA et al., 2019;PFÜLLER et al., 2019). Also, the effects on soil chemical and physical properties (PASSOS et al., 2017;SOUSA et al., 2017;ASCARI et al., 2020), soybean nematodes (DEBIASI et al., 2016), hence soybean and corn productivity (DEBIASI et al., 2016;ASCARI et al., 2020) have been investigated. ...
... Soil cover species, such as pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), and showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis) have been studied regarding different aspects, such as the soil cover rate, decomposition rate, nutrient content, and phytomass production (PASSOS et al., 2017;FERREIRA et al., 2019;PFÜLLER et al., 2019). Also, the effects on soil chemical and physical properties (PASSOS et al., 2017;SOUSA et al., 2017;ASCARI et al., 2020), soybean nematodes (DEBIASI et al., 2016), hence soybean and corn productivity (DEBIASI et al., 2016;ASCARI et al., 2020) have been investigated. ...
... These experiments were carried out in plots of 12 m 2 (PFÜLLER et al., 2019), 24 m 2 (FERREIRA et al., 2019), 25 m 2 (ASCARI et al., 2020), 50 m 2 (PASSOS et al., 2017), 60 m 2 (DEBIASI et al., 2016), and 150 m 2 (SOUSA et al., 2017). However, the criteria used to define the plot size were not mentioned. ...
This study aimed to compare three methods of estimating the optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), slender leaf rattlebox (Crotalaria ochroleuca), and showy rattlebox (Crotalaria spectabilis). Twenty-seven uniformity trials were carried out with pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone and intercropped. Fresh matter productivity was evaluated in 972 basic experimental units (BEU) of 1 m × 1 m (36 BEU per trial). The optimum plot size was determined using the methods modified maximum curvature, linear response with plateau model, and quadratic response with plateau model. The optimum plot size differs between methods and decreases in the following order: quadratic response with plateau model (9.94 m²), linear response with plateau model (7.41 m²), and modified maximum curvature (3.49 m²). The optimum plot size to evaluate the fresh matter productivity of pearl millet, slender leaf rattlebox, and showy rattlebox cultivated alone or intercropped is 7.41 m². This size could be used as a reference for future experiments.
Keywords:
Uniformity trial; Intercropping; Estimation models
