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Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are in a constant race to meet the bandwidth demands of their subscribers. Access link upgrades, however, are expensive and take years to deploy. Many ISPs are looking for alternative solutions to reduce the need for continuous and expensive infrastructure expansion. This paper shows that there are many forms of lo...
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... software on each STB consists of a frontend, a main scheduler and per-interface modules (Figure 4). When a re- quest for a movie arrives at the main scheduler it first contacts the directory service, which handles name resolution. ...
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... When content is cached closer to clients there are lesser costs associated with the transit of the traffic across the intra-AS links. It is also suggested to cache very popular content at or near access-points [29], [30]. ...
Traffic patterns in the Internet are changing, with video and user generated content (UGC) taking an increasing share of the volume, and P2P traffic decreases. The widespread appearing of content providers and content peering has been shown to decrease profit for ISPs. To reduce expenses, the use of P2P caches for UGC has been suggested. In this work, we look at the problem of UGC content sharing between peering ISPs. We show a method for testing whether sharing is beneficial for the ISPs. We then give a method for total objects placement such that the optimal demand is maximized, under the following constraints: (1) The local demand is known at each ISP; (2) ISPs share only if they can satisfy at least the same demand as before the sharing. We further simulate our method with different workloads distributions that exhibit either UGC or P2P characteristics.
... Han et al. [20] assumed a model that is quite close to the CDWMN one and showed how such local connectivity and storage can be exploited to reduce the traffic on the access network. Yet, the energy issue is out of the scope of their work. ...
In this paper, we study a wireless access network based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.11 standard and enriched with features such as caching and mesh networking. This system is analysed in terms of energy efficiency and traffic offloading, two objectives that are somewhat in contrast but both relevant to network and service providers as they directly impact the operational cost. In addition, QoS is also accounted for in the form of guaranteed bandwidth and bounded delay. To this aim, we developed a mathematical model of the system and solved it to optimality by means of integer linear programming. We can thus show how much can be saved both in terms of energy and traffic, also considering various tradeoff points among the two contrasting objectives. As a last step, we provide an investigation on the benefits of adding traffic aggregation features to the mathematical model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
... The latter leverage these resources to store content and serve download requests effectively in a managed peer-to-peer fashion. Moreover, a new system for a neighborhood-assisted video-on-demand service, in [37], is designed to reduce access link traffic by carefully placing VoD data across the neighborhood. So the access network load can be relieved by local connectivity and storage in residential environments. ...
Content caching at the base station of the Radio Access Network (RAN) is a way to reduce backhaul transmission and improve the quality of experience. So it is crucial to manage such massive microcaches to store the contents in a coordinated manner, in order to increase the overall mobile network capacity to support more number of requests. We achieve this goal in this paper with a novel caching scheme, which reduces the repeating traffic by request filtration and asynchronous multicast in a RAN. Request filtration can make the best use of the limited bandwidth and in turn ensure the good performance of the coordinated caching. Moreover, the storage at the mobile devices is also considered to be used to further reduce the backhaul traffic and improve the users' experience. In addition, we drive the optimal cache division in this paper with the aim of reducing the average latency user perceived. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms existing algorithms.
... In [10] the authors claim that ISPs often install and connect STBs to customers' home networks using technologies such as WiFi and MoCA (Multimedia over Coax Alliance). Such technologies, originally designed for connectivity within a home, can also provide connectivity between homes. ...
With the rise of VOD (Video-on-Demand) services provisioning as a successful service on the Internet and managed networks, we are witnessing a drive towards cost-efficiency and economies of scale. Many broadband operators around the world are experimenting with P2P (Peer-to-Peer) systems centered on STBs (Set-Top-Boxes) to increase the competitiveness of their VOD services offering. By leveraging the storage and uplink bandwidth capacities available at a certain number of STBs operated by the broadband operator, the savings in terms of backend streaming capacities will represent sizable and decisive gains in cost. In these systems, video contents are usually fragmented into a number of complementary content fragments, called sub-streams, which are randomly injected in the network of STBs, and the VOD service is essentially provisioned through multisource streaming sessions from neighboring STBs to the requesting STB. One of the main challenges in such peer-assisted streaming systems remains the maximization of the utilization of STB resources utility for a given content popularity pattern. In this paper, we specifically focus on the content injection strategy and how the different content fragments should be dispatched in the network to achieve the highest performance in the VOD services provisioning epoch. We demonstrate that the random injection strategy is not appropriate for maximizing the number of simultaneous VOD streaming sessions in the network. Our objective is to first gain a better understanding of the factors driving P2P-based VOD streaming systems and provide guidelines to better operate such systems and ultimately give service operators the tools to achieve different performance objectives and/or fit specific network configurations. Further, we propose a new content dispatching strategy that maximizes the number of served VOD sessions by balancing the streaming load among the different STBs. Finally, we propose a complementary streaming resources reprovisioning mechanism that acts in real-time to reprovision the resources for serving VOD sessions to new STBs and to release trapped resources for new incoming VOD service requests.
... In [32], we explored aggressive prefetching strategies in access network environment to relieve bottlenecks in residential access networks. Using a high-definition video-on-demand service as an example, we presented an ISP and end-point's caching and content placement strategy to minimize the aggregate bandwidth demand on access links. ...
Video traffic has witnessed exponential growth in recent years. As the cost optimization space of Content Delivery Network (CDN) has reached a plateau, content providers are expanding their network infrastructure to accommodate this surge. To address the cost issue, content providers have turned to cost-effective Peer-to-Peer Content Delivery Network (PCDN) solutions. However, the utilization of limited-capability PCDN nodes may lead to a decline in overall streaming performance compared to powerful CDN servers. To bridge this performance gap, we present Twist. Twist is a receiver-driven multi-site transport that leverages multiple cost-effective PCDN nodes to achieve performance equivalent to traditional CDN solutions. It incorporates a joint flow control to prevent throughput drops that can occur when using multiple content sources, and a proactive retransmission algorithm to handle frequent packet loss. Our evaluations demonstrate that Twist improves download speed on PCDN nodes by 1.71x-2.09x compared to traditional PCDN streaming solutions. Furthermore, extensive A/B testing verifies that Twist enables PCDN to achieve comparable download performance and Quality of Experience (QoE) as CDN. Over three years of commercial deployment, Twist has already served over 300 million users and has handled 35% of the video traffic, resulting in substantial cost savings for a world-leading content provider.
Traffic patterns on the Internet are changing, with video and user-generated content (UGC) taking an increasing share of the volume. The dramatic increase of content providers and content peering has shown to decrease the profit of ISPs. In this work, we suggest the use of a cooperative caching mechanism between peering ISPs to farther mitigate this problem. We devise a model for cooperative cache placement with global knowledge, and design a solution for total objects placement that maximizes the demand satisfied from local or shared cache, under the following constraints: (1) The local demand is known at each ISP; (2) ISPs share only if they can satisfy at least the same demand as before the sharing. We introduce sharing cost, reciprocity, and fairness constraints. Through extensive experiments that are based on typical demand distribution, we demonstrate the clear benefits of sharing for reducing costs at ISPs, with an increase of available content in the cache of up to 35%.
Multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in mobile networks has been widely addressed, however an investigation of such a technology in emerging, multi-tier, scenarios is still lacking. Notably, user clustering and resource allocation are extremely challenging in multi-tier networks, and imperative to maximize system capacity and improve quality of user-experience (QoE) in MBMS. Thus, in this paper we propose a clustering and resource allocation approach, named EMB, which specifically addresses heterogeneous networks and accounts for the fact that multimedia content is adaptively encoded into scalable layers depending on the QoE requirements and channel conditions of the heterogeneous users. Importantly, we prove that our clustering algorithm yields Pareto efficient broadcasting areas, multimedia encoding parameters, and resource allocation, in a way that is also fair to the users. Furthermore, numerical results obtained under realistic conditions and using real-world video content, show that the proposed EMB results in lower churn count (i.e., higher number of served users), higher throughput, and increased QoE, while using fewer network resources.
