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Sleep duration and standard deviation from infancy (parent's report) to adolescence (self report). Smoothed curves are displayed as 4th order polynomial trendlines.
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Objective: The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate sleep duration for nighttime sleep from early infancy to late adolescence in a German sample to illustrate the developmental course and age-specific variability of these variables among subjects. Methods: A total of 17,641 subjects from the KiGGS study were evaluated. The questionnair...
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Background:
Experiences in early life lay the foundation for later development and functioning. Severe psychosocial deprivation, as experienced by children in early institutional care, constitutes an adverse experience with long-term negative consequences. The Bucharest Early Intervention Project sought to examine the effects of foster care as an...
Citations
... Da gerade im frühen Alter die Kinder häufig nachts wach werden und Schwierigkeiten haben, wieder einzuschlafen, ist oftmals elterliche Hilfe oder Unterstützung beim (Wieder-)Einschlafen gefragt [7,49]. Diese kann mehr oder weniger umfangreich sein, die damit einhergehende elterliche nächtliche Wachzeit fällt entsprechend lang aus. ...
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Viele Eltern berichten, nach der Geburt ihres Kindes übermüdet zu sein und Schwierigkeiten zu haben, den Alltag zu bewältigen. Dies betrifft vor allem erstgebärende Mütter. Schlafmangel und Schlafschwierigkeiten gelten als Risikofaktor für viele Beeinträchtigungen wie Depression, Aggressivität, Abnahme der Beziehungsqualität und Kindeswohlgefährdung. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, eine Reihe an Verhaltensempfehlungen für Eltern zu geben, um einer möglichen Gefährdung der eigenen Person oder des Kindes entgegenzuwirken.
Methode
In einem interdisziplinären Team wurden basierend auf der gegenwärtigen Literatur sowie der klinischen Expertise die Empfehlungen formuliert, reflektiert und diskutiert.
Ergebnisse
Es wurden insgesamt 33 Verhaltensempfehlungen für müde Eltern formuliert, die sich auf die Person selbst, die Partnerschaft und Familie, den Abend und die Nacht sowie die Arbeit beziehen. Die Empfehlungen sind vor allem für Eltern jüngerer Kinder geeignet.
Diskussion
Mithilfe der hier formulierten Empfehlungen sollen alltagsnahe Hilfen geschaffen werden, um Eltern niederschwellig Unterstützung zukommen zu lassen. Solche Tipps können als Selbsthilfemaßnahmen, als Basis für eine Schlafberatung sowie für eine weiterführende ausführliche Behandlung dienen.
... [3][4][5] In European children, the prevalence of sleep problems seems comparable to that observed in the USA and China. [6][7][8] This has resulted in several calls to act now and early in life, eg by promoting sleep health, including regular sleep assessment, in primary care, similarly to other vital signs, and by encouraging the use of wearable devices and mobile applications to evaluate and monitor sleep behavior. 5 Children's sleep health is influenced by many factors, including bedtime being determined by parents, early school starting times, 9,10 feeding practices, 11 and family socioeconomic status. ...
Purpose
Healthy sleep is essential for the physical, cognitive, and social development of children. Several studies have reported the increase in digital media use in preschool children and its association with impaired sleep. However, there is relatively little evidence on the effects of book reading as a potentially safe alternative. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate whether sleep in children could benefit from book reading, and whether the negative effects of media use on sleep can be mitigated by substituting book reading for screen time.
Participants and Methods
We used longitudinal data from three consecutive waves of the SPATZ Health study, including children at the ages of 4 (n=581), 5 (n=508), and 6 (n=426) years. All data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Parent-reported child sleep was assessed by the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire.
Results
Across the three waves, screen-based media use increased and was associated with lower sleep quality. In contrast, the time spent with book reading decreased; however, book reading appeared to be beneficial for children’s sleep. Substitution models revealed that the theoretical substitution of an equal amount of book reading for 50% of the time spent with screen-based media benefits several domains of preschoolers’ sleep health, including parasomnias, sleep anxiety, daytime sleepiness, and sleep onset delay.
Conclusion
Besides implications for population-wide and individual prevention, book reading may also be incorporated as a useful intervention to improve sleep quality in children who are already affected by sleep problems. Given that book reading is perceived as a safe alternative, the presented evidence may suffice to support recommendations in this direction.
... [3][4][5] In European children, the prevalence of sleep problems seems comparable to that observed in the USA and China. [6][7][8] This has resulted in several calls to act now and early in life, eg by promoting sleep health, including regular sleep assessment, in primary care, similarly to other vital signs, and by encouraging the use of wearable devices and mobile applications to evaluate and monitor sleep behavior. 5 Children's sleep health is influenced by many factors, including bedtime being determined by parents, early school starting times, 9,10 feeding practices, 11 and family socioeconomic status. ...
... [3][4][5] In European children, the prevalence of sleep problems seems comparable to that observed in the USA and China. [6][7][8] This has resulted in several calls to act now and early in life, eg by promoting sleep health, including regular sleep assessment, in primary care, similarly to other vital signs, and by encouraging the use of wearable devices and mobile applications to evaluate and monitor sleep behavior. 5 Children's sleep health is influenced by many factors, including bedtime being determined by parents, early school starting times, 9,10 feeding practices, 11 and family socioeconomic status. ...
... Healthy sleep habits are an important aspect of healthy physical and mental development for children and adolescents [1][2][3][4]. In a large German sample, 19.5% of participating children reported general sleep problems [5]. This is comparable with another German study, in which 22.6% of children and 20.0% of adolescents reported problematic amounts of sleep-related difficulties [6]. ...
Objective
This study aimed to (1) characterise sleep disturbances and emotional/behavioural difficulties among healthy German children and adolescents aged 3 to 13 years, (2) examine the association between parent-reported sleep problems and emotional/behavioural difficulties, (3) point out possible relations between specific kinds of sleep disturbances and different behavioural difficulties.
Methods
Data were collected between 2011 and 2015 within the LIFE Child study in Germany. The sample included 1101 3- to 13-year-old children and adolescents. Information on sleep disturbances—assessed via the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), emotional/behavioural difficulties—assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and socioeconomic status was provided by participants’ parents. Multiple regressions were applied to analyse the associations between general and specific sleep disturbances (independent variables) and emotional/behavioural difficulties (dependent variables).
Results
The total CSHQ score was positively associated with the total SDQ score and all SDQ subscales (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems). Most of the CSHQ subscales were related to SDQ subscale scores, except for a few non-significant relations with hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems. The CSHQ total score, daytime sleepiness, sleep duration and parasomnias showed the strongest associations with the SDQ total score.
Conclusion
This study confirms an association between children’s and adolescents’ sleep habits and psychological health. We were able to demonstrate the association between sleep problems and emotional/behavioural difficulties in a large sample of healthy participants. In particular, we observed a significant relation between parasomnias and hyperactive/inattentive behaviour as well as a significant association between emotional problems and sleep problems, especially daytime sleepiness, sleep anxiety and parasomnias.
... The relevance of sleep to emotional and affect regulating processes has been well established 1,2 . This becomes even more important, considering that about 15%-30% of children and adolescents experience difficulties with sleep, characterized by symptoms of insomnia such as sleep onset delay or prolonged nocturnal awakenings, and poor sleep quality 3,4 . This high prevalence is concerning, as the health risk associated with problematic sleep includes the development of affective and emotional problems 1,5,6 , and shortcomings in multiple domains of emotion regulation functioning 7,8 . ...
Sleep and emotions are closely associated; however, the methodological challenges in the examination of sleep and the processes of emotion regulation in children and adolescents have not been investigated so far. Additionally, there is the demand to identify the levels of emotion regulating processes in which problematic or restricted sleep causes effect. Experimental sleep deprivation as well as prevalent sleep problems have been found to have negative influence on mental health and regulating functions. This review focuses first on the methodological protocols of the included studies. Subsequently, the results are summarized in the context of a multilevel model of emotion regulation. Thereafter, suggestions for future directions are given. Sleep problems and sleep deprivation are associated with a decrease of functional emotion regulating behavior and impaired emotion generation, and prolonged sleep enhances better mood and affect states, positive emotion expression, and faster sensory processing in response to emotional stimuli. This literature review highlights the limitations in current research, focusing on types of measurements, task characteristics, and data analysis. At the conclusion, suggestions are given for the future research direction in the field of sleep and emotion regulation in children and adolescents.
... Furthermore, these findings align with earlier research and suggest typical developmental patterns in children. However, other studies have reported a higher prevalence of sleep disorders among female adolescents [41][42][43]. This difference could be attributed to pubertal disparities All data are given as n (%), mean ± Standard deviation or median (range). ...
... For example, epidemiological data suggests that approximately 20%-30% of infants, toddlers, and preschool-age children experience problems with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance (e.g., Sadeh et al., 2009). Insomnia difficulties are common during school age years and adolescence with prevalence rates up to 19.5% (Schlarb et al., 2015), and are associated with sleepiness and fatigue, as well as impaired behaviour and academic progress . ...
... Women, especially during menarche, pregnancy and menopause, experience high peaks of insomnia prevalence that are often linked to consolidation of the disorder (Baglioni & Palagini, 2022). Parents of young children often report poor sleep (Parsons et al., 2023;Schlarb et al., 2015) and increased vulnerability to poor sleep health and insomnia (e.g., Baglioni et al., 2020;Schlarb et al., 2015). Patients with mental and somatic disorders report higher prevalence of insomnia, which is often associated with poorer resolution of the concomitant problem (e.g., Bjorvatn, 2022;Blom & Jernelov, 2022;Hertenstein et al., 2022;Schlarb et al., 2017). ...
... Women, especially during menarche, pregnancy and menopause, experience high peaks of insomnia prevalence that are often linked to consolidation of the disorder (Baglioni & Palagini, 2022). Parents of young children often report poor sleep (Parsons et al., 2023;Schlarb et al., 2015) and increased vulnerability to poor sleep health and insomnia (e.g., Baglioni et al., 2020;Schlarb et al., 2015). Patients with mental and somatic disorders report higher prevalence of insomnia, which is often associated with poorer resolution of the concomitant problem (e.g., Bjorvatn, 2022;Blom & Jernelov, 2022;Hertenstein et al., 2022;Schlarb et al., 2017). ...
Despite cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) being the first-line intervention for the disorder, it is often not readily available to patients in need. The stepped care model (SCM) represents an approach to facilitating efficient and wide-ranging provision of evidence-based care to those with insomnia. The SCM reflects a pyramid of therapeutics based on CBT-I gradually increasing in clinical intensity and addressing clinical complexity. By applying CBT-I through the SCM it is hoped that the treatment gap can be bridged such that not only more patients can be reached, but that clinical resource can be more effectively distributed, with patients receiving more tailored care as needed. Nevertheless, this should not be done at the risk of a lower quality of care being offered, and high-standard training for clinicians and scrutiny of non-clinician led interventions remains important. As national health laws within European countries have substantial differences, the application of the SCM as it relates to the treatment of insomnia may be challenged by contrasting interpretations. In order that the SCM is appropriately implemented: (a) only evidence-based CBT-I treatments should be promoted within the model; (b) clinicians involved in SCM should be suitably qualified to offer CBT in general, and have appropriate further training in CBT-I; (c) professionals involved in interventions not included in the SCM, but related to it, such as preventive and educational programmes, diagnostic procedures, and pharmacological treatments, should also have good knowledge of the SCM in order to promote correct allocation to the appropriate interventional step.
... Further limitations of the current study include the limited number of participants as well as the high socioeconomic status of the participants [4], which both limit the generalisability of our findings. Nevertheless, the average sleep durations across the week prior to and during the pandemic in the present study were similar to those reported in a large representative German survey [8]. The response rate for the MCTQ during lockdown was lower than that planned for the research project, probably due to social distancing and the challenge of coping with the new situation. ...
Due to the lockdown of schools as one of the COVID-19 control measures, adolescents have had the opportunity to re-organise their daily lives; e.g. some of them have adapted their bedtimes to the new situation during the lockdown in favour of their own chronotype. Hence, we investigated differences in chronobiological characteristics (e.g., the midpoint of sleep, sleep duration or social jetlag (SJL); i.e., a discrepancy between biological and social timing) before and during the pandemic lockdown to examine potential changes. We asked participants from the ongoing open cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study to fill out the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during the COVID-19 lockdown and received the information of participants (n = 66) during the pandemic. A reference group matched for age, season, and sex was randomly selected from the DONALD study to assess participants’ chronobiological characteristics prior to (n = 132) the pandemic. Analyses of covariance were applied to examine differences between the two groups reflecting the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were aged 9–18 years (52% males). In the current examination, average sleep duration across the week was higher among adolescents during the pandemic (β = 00:30; p = 0.0006) and social jetlag was significantly lower (β = −00:39; p < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Our results showed that the COVID-19 lockdown enabled adolescents to adapt their sleeping habits according to their naturally late chronotype, which led to a significant reduction in SJL. These observations are likely to be explained by the effect of school closure.What is Known:
• Under ‘normal conditions’ without pandemic lockdowns, adolescents accumulate a lack of sleep due to social obligations such as school starts, resulting in social jetlag.
• A late chronotype or exposure to social jetlag is a known risk factor for the development of chronic diseases.
What is New:
• The COVID-19 lockdown represents a ‘natural experiment’ that enables adolescents to adhere to their internal biological clock. Without the usual social obligations, social jetlag can be significantly reduced.
... The relationship between age, sex, and sleep problems was discussed controversially, some reported no sex diff erence, and oppositely, some reviews reported more frequent sleep problems among girls than boys [8,9]. ...
Introduction: Sleep difficulties are common among children and are pointers to serious physical and mental disorders studies on the same lacks in Saudi Arabia. This is the first study to include children 1-11 years of age. Thus, we aimed to assess the variable sleep patterns and sleep disorders in Saudi children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that enrolled 188 children (1-11 years) from the waiting area in the pediatric outpatient clinic at Maternity and Children Hospital, Tabuk city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted in October 2018. A structured questionnaire based on the children's sleep habits was distributed to the parents via one-to-one interview. In the questionnaire, each item described their child’s behavior for the recent week's sleep pattern. Results: There were 188 children, ages 1-11 years. The most common sleep problem was sleep-related anxiety (81.5%) followed by sleep resistance (59.8%) and night waking (56.0%). The least common was sleep-disordered breathing which was observed in 28.3% of children. Conclusion: Sleep problems were prevalent among children in Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The most common sleep problem was sleep-related anxiety followed by sleep resistance and night waking. The least common was sleep-disordered breathing which was observed in more than a quarter of children. Further larger multi-center studies are needed to assess and address the causes of sleep problems.
