FIG 1 - uploaded by Renato Gregorin
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Skulls of M. aztecus (A) and M. molossus (B) in dorsal view. Note the shorter (spatulate) upper incisors in A and the long and forward-projected (pincer-like) incisors in B
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We report the first record of Molossus aztecus from two localities in southeastern Brazil, Lavras and Vieosa, confirming the presence of this species in South America; both localities are located in the state of Minas Gerais. Samples from Lavras contained both M. aztecus and M. molossus, permitting direct comparison of the two taxa. At both sites,...
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Context 1
... collected material and analysis of spec- imens in museums has revealed that the diversity of Molossus in Brazil has been underestimated. We re - cord the first occurrence of Molossus aztecus in Brazil, the southernmost record for the species. We also compare the other small-sized species in order to improve the taxonomy within the genus. Fig. 1). Except for a juvenile male (CMUFLA 356), all specimens from Lavras are adult males. This sample of seven specimens represents two spe- cies, M. aztecus and M. molossus, permitting direct comparisons and more reliable identification and definition of both taxa in ...
Context 2
... was a suite of characters that permitted us to identify the specimens as M. aztecus versus M. molossus, M. currentium, and M. coibensis, with the last two species being very similar to M. aztecus in many cranial, dental, and pelage traits ( Table 2). The skull of M. aztecus trends to be slightly longer and more robust than that of M. molossus (Fig. 1), and the forearm is slightly shorter in the first species (Table 1). In M. aztecus the infra-orbital foramen usually opens straight out while it opens somewhat downward in M. molossus. An additional character that we noted in the sample from Lavras, which dis- tinguishes M. aztecus from M. molossus, is its some- what rectangular-shaped ...
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Citations
... These three studies, when combined, document a total of 65 species. The total number of species reaches 67 when we add the sighting of Molossus aztecus in the municipality of Lavras (Gregorin et al., 2011) and this new record of giant anteater. ...
The species Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Myrmecophagidae, is widely distributed in the Neotropics regions and is popularly
known as the giant anteater. It is considered a generalist species regarding habitat and can be found in human-modified
areas such as pastures and crops. However, there is limited information about the species in agricultural ecosystems. Due
to its threatened status and the absence of records in the Campos das Vertentes region, which has only 1.04% of its area
included in Conservation Units, this study aimed to report the unprecedented occurrence of M. tridactyla in the municipality
of Ritápolis, Campos das Vertentes, Minas Gerais, in a transitional region between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado. Two
occasional records were made on a rural road in this municipality. Therefore, this record increases our knowledge about the
spatial distribution of M. tridactyla in the state of Minas Gerais, provides information about the species in human-modified
landscapes, and supports the need for more Conservation Units in the Campos das Vertentes region.
... Con la finalidad de corroborar la identificación taxonómica de algunos registros de Molossus aztecus que podrían confundirse con Molossus molossus, una especie morfológicamente similar, se revisaron ejemplares en la Colección Nacional de Mamíferos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CNMA 1939, 5658, 6403, 12203, 15202,17468-17469, 19320, 28869-28870, 30129-30130) y se siguieron claves taxonómicas especializadas (Álvarez-Castañeda et al., 2015;Gregorin et al., 2011). ...
... A pesar de su amplia distribución geográfica, el conocimiento ecológico y biogeográfico sobre Molossus aztecus sigue siendo escaso. Es probable que aún existan poblaciones desconocidas de ésta y otras especies del género Molossus debido a la falta de inventarios faunísticos en muchas áreas remotas de Norte y Sudamérica, así como a la falta de revisión crítica del material de las colecciones científicas y el análisis de datos genéticos (Gregorin et al., 2011;Loureiro et al., 2020). Ésto puede ocurrir en muchas otras especies de mamíferos neotropicales, por lo que el trabajo de campo es necesario, así como las revisiones taxonómicas y la digitalización de información, que permita conocer de mejor manera su riqueza y distribución (Patterson, 2002). ...
El murciélago mastín azteca (Molossus aztecus) es una especie que habita desde México hasta Brasil. A pesar de su amplia distribución, sorprende la aparente escasez de registros en Norteamérica. Aquí revisamos la información disponible en bases de datos públicas para conocer la distribución espacio-temporal de sus registros y estimamos su distribución potencial actual para facilitar esfuerzos de colecta futuros. Después de la selección de datos con criterios que disminuyen la incertidumbre en la identidad y la localización geográfica, obtuvimos 411 registros de este murciélago, los cuales se concentran en México (207), Nicaragua (77) y Guatemala (74). La mayor cantidad de registros proviene de meses lluviosos como julio (85) y agosto (84), y de los años 1966 (74) y 1969 (70). En las últimas 2 décadas, los registros en bases de datos son nulos, lo que podría deberse al rezago en la digitalización de ejemplares ya colectados. La distribución potencial indica condiciones altamente idóneas para M. aztecus en la vertiente del Pacífico, en donde aún hay zonas poco exploradas por mastozoólogos. Para mejorar el conocimiento de su distribución, es necesario incluir otros métodos de muestreo y fomentar la digitalización de colecciones científicas.
... Most species inhabit natural environments, including cerrado savannas and caatinga (Reis et al. 2013(Reis et al. , 2017, although some are very well adapted to urban environments (Perini et al. 2003;De Knegt et al. 2005;Filho et al. 2005;Barros et al. 2006;Reis et al. 2006;Evangelista et al. 2009;Oprea et al. 2009;Ferreira et al. 2010;Monteiro and Falcão 2010;Bruno et al. 2011;Silva and Anacleto 2011;Bruno 2014). Most studies that have addressed Chiroptera distribution and diversity in Minas Gerais have surveyed protected areas, thus, accentuating the lack of information on the distribution and ecology of this group in areas not protected by law (Tavares et al. 2010;Gregorin and Loureiro 2011;Gregorin et al. 2012Gregorin et al. , 2016Velazco et al. 2014;Oliveira et al. 2021). In this study, we report on the presence of P. rubiginosus from Minas Gerais for the first time, thus extending the distribution area of this species and the family Mormoopidae to the Southeastern Region of Brazil. ...
Pteronotus rubiginosus (Wagner, 1843) is a bat species belonging to the family Mormoopidae and has a wide distribution in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the Northern, Northeastern, and Central-Western regions of Brazil. In this study, we report the first record of this species from the state of Minas Gerais based on the capture of an individual using mistnets. With this record, we confirm the presence of P. rubiginosus in the Southeastern Region of Brazil, increasing to eight the number of chiropteran families there.
... The consequences of the dam failure on the biota remain to be studied, such as the effects of heavy metal contamination and cellular genotoxicity (Collins, 1999;Zocche et al., 2010;Zukal et al., 2015). The bat diversity in the PERD alone encompasses 60% of all bat species recorded in the State of Minas Gerais (Tavares and Anciães, 1998;Tavares et al., 2010;Gregorin et al., 2011Gregorin et al., , 2015Gregorin et al., , 2020, including two new species that were recently described (Velazco et al., 2014;Gregorin et al., 2016), indicating the high value of the conservation of this area. ...
Richness is a key variable for understanding biodiversity, and estimates of species occurrence should be as comprehensive as
possible and based on reliable records. The employment of diversified methods to be able to detect species, and of adequate sampling
efforts is crucial for estimating the richness of bats occurring in highly complex tropical forests. We herein analyzed the richness of
bats from one of the largest remnants of the semideciduous Atlantic Forest from Southeastern Brazil, the state conservation park
called Parque Estadual do Rio Doce (PERD), based on data from the 1990s and from 2012 to 2016. Based on mixed sampling
techniques, including ground-level and canopy nets, acoustic surveys, and roost searching we have revealed that this single state
reserve of PERD has the highest bat richness recorded to date among semideciduous Atlantic Forest locations. A total of 54 bat
species have been recorded for PERD, including two recently described species from the genera Thyroptera (Thyropteridae) and
Eumops (Molossidae). Our data reinforce the value of diversifying sampling methods and the role of PERD as key area for the
conservation of the Atlantic Forest biome.
... In the NJ tree, the individuals assigned to this species form three distinct groups. Molossus remains with the taxonomic limits and names within the genus poorly resolved, mainly because the diagnostic characters for each taxon have a lot of variation and overlapping of measures, therefore are not suitable for the delimitation of species (Gregorin et al. 2011). In addition, it has been reported that Mo. ...
Chiroptera stands out for the richness of species and a variety of unique characteristics. However, the morphological similarities in some taxa of this group can result in neglected diversity, as pointed out in several molecular studies. In this sense, the DNA barcode has been useful in the identification and delimitation of species. In the state of Paraná, in the southern region of Brazil, molecular studies in this group are rare and many species are not registered in the public genetic database. Thus, we identified at the molecular level Chiroptera species that occur in the northwestern region of Paraná and compared the data obtained with species deposited in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), in addition to carrying out OTUs delimitation tests. We conclude that Chiroptera has an underestimated diversity in Paraná, with some species awaiting description. Our results suggest the existence of poorly resolved taxa, and in general the group needs new studies with different approaches to solve its taxonomy.
... There are few records of the species reported to the Rio de Janeiro -in the Metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro state comprehending records from the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Seropédica (plus from the Reserva Biológica do Tinguá) -based in specimens previously identified as Molossus molossus Pallas, 1766 (Loureiro et al., 2018). Therefore, it is possible to assume that other misidentifications of this species as M. molossus are present in other scientific collections (Gregorin et al., 2011). ...
The Mammal Collection of UENF was created in 2013 to document the biodiversity of northern Rio de Janeiro, and house voucher specimens collected during field research held by professors from the university and collaborating institutions. The collection currently holds 440 physical vouchers, mostly bats, and includes noteworthy records, such as the first Promops nasutus reported for the state of Rio de Janeiro. To these physical vouchers, we recently added a digital bioacoustics collection (343 files of bat distress calls) and a camera-trap multimedia collection (2683 videos or photographs of small to large-sized mammals). In this paper, we provide an overview of these holdings, and highlight and discuss the importance of regional scientific collections, along with the fundamental role of publishing their records in online databases in order to increase their visibility and scientific use. Finally, we discuss the importance of natural history collections to society, emphasizing that improving the awareness of the general public on the role of these collections to scientific development will be crucial for their conservation over the next centuries.
... coibensis, M. fentoni, M. molossus, M. aztecus, M. rufus, M. pretiosus, M. sinaloae, M. alvarezi, M. currentium, M. milleri, and M. verrilli) and some taxa currently regarded as junior synonyms (e.g., M. molossus debilis, M. m. fortis, M. m. minor, and M. m acuticaudatus), and subspecies (M. molossus pygmaeus, M. m. crassicaudatus, and M. molossus daulensis) from the Caribbean, and North, Central, and South America (Fig. 1 -López-González and Presley, 2001;Eger, 2008;Gregorin et al., 2011;Catzeflis et al., 2016;Gager et al., 2016;Lindsey and Ammerman, 2016;Loureiro et al., 2018aLoureiro et al., , 2018c. The genera Eumops and Promops were included as outgroups following Ammerman et al. (2012) and Gregorin and Ciranello (2015). ...
... Simmons and Voss (2005) recognized M. barnesi from French Guiana as distinct from M. coibensis based on color pattern of hair, shape difference in the mesopterygoid canal and the height of the crest between the basisphenoid and basioccipital pits. However, these characters vary considerably within populations and the distinction between these taxa was not supported by our molecular analysis (see also Gregorin et al., 2011;Catzeflis et al., 2016;Loureiro et al., 2018aLoureiro et al., , 2018c. Consistent with these other authors, we recommend that the name M. barnesi be synonymized under M. coibensis. ...
The genus Molossus of the free-tailed bat family Molossidae is morphologically conservative and the level of genetic divergence is also low among many species, which has masked the actual species diversity in the genus. We analyzed the evolutionary relationships among species within Molossus using three mitochondrial (COI, Cytb, and 16S RNA), and two nuclear genes (RAG2 and β-fib) from more than 400 specimens across the Neotropics. We also investigated the genetic integrity of currently recognized species, especially those with broad geographic distributions and controversial taxonomic arrangements. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions show that some recognized species are not monophyletic. The use of combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes as well as the use of only mitochondrial markers revealed more robust phylogenies than those for individual data sets and those restricted to the two nuclear genes. We recovered the recently described M. fentoni and M. alvarezi, validated M. milleri and M. verrilli as distinct species relative to M. molossus, and confirmed that the name M. barnesi should be considered as a junior synonym of M. coibensis. Additionally, M. rufus appears to be a complex of cryptic species, showing that the broadly distributed genus Molossus is more diverse than previously reported.
... They were recognized as adults based on the closure of basicranial sutures and metacarpal-phalangeal joints (Kunz & Anthony, 1982). The primary source to assign species names to these specimens were their tags but, in many cases, we revised those identifications considering more recent taxonomic assessments (Gregorin & Taddei, 2002;Gardner, 2008;Velazco et al. 2010;Gregorin et al. 2011;Moratelli et al. 2011;Tejedor, 2011;Medina et al. 2014;Moratelli & Dias, 2015;Pavan & Marroig, 2016). Classification is in accordance with Amador et al. (2016), and subfamilial names adopted for Phyllostomidae follow Baker et al. (2016). ...
... Only a few parameters were found to be significantly different between the two species. (Eger 2008) or as a separate species, M. barnesi (Simmons 2005, Gregorin et al. 2011. To tackle these issues, additional comparative studies using molecular validation are required to provide reference values for these species in other regions of their biogeographic ranges. ...
In this thesis, I investigated the causes and consequences of sociality in the neotropical bat
Molossus molossus. Due to the short availability of the insect patches it forages on and the
energetic costs of flight, this species is at energetic edge every day. Social foraging of group
members, using acoustic information transfer to locate insect patches, was recently proposed
as one reason for sociality of this species. The aim of my thesis was to assess the relationship
between social structure, foraging efficiency and survival using several social groups studied in
the village of Gamboa, Panama. Because species identification in this genus was unreliable, we
first used molecular, morphometric and acoustic data to distinguish M. molossus from the
sympatric species M. coibensis and M. bondae. The social groups of M. molossus typically
formed small harems of ten adults and their offspring. Because members of the same social
group forage together, small group size may result from a trade-off between benefits of patch
detection and costs of conspecific interference. Based on our data collected with automated
monitoring systems, one foraging session of ca. one hour after dusk was energetically sufficient
for individuals to fast until the following dusk period. We found no correlation between group
size and survival which may reflect a similar survival within the natural range of group sizes. The
short female lifespan (median of 1.8 years) that we found is likely a result from life at the
energetic edge due to a highly specialized diet (patches of ephemeral insects).
... Despite the apparent utility of these calls to discriminate species, several limitations to this method must be considered. [22] or as the separate species M. barnesi [19,91]. To tackle these issues, additional comparative studies using molecular validation are required to provide reference values for these species in other regions of their biogeographic ranges. ...
A fundamental condition for any work with free-ranging animals is correct species identification. However, in case of bats, information on local species assemblies is frequently limited especially in regions with high biodiversity such as the Neotropics. The bat genus Molossus is a typical example of this, with morphologically similar species often occurring in sympatry. We used a multi-method approach based on molecular, morphometric and acoustic information collected from 962 individuals of Molossus bondae, M. coibensis, and M. molossus captured in Panama. We distinguished M. bondae based on size and pelage coloration. We identified two robust species clusters composed of M. molossus and M. coibensis based on 18 microsatellite markers but also on a more stringently determined set of four markers. Phylogenetic reconstructions using the mitochondrial gene co1 (DNA barcode) were used to diagnose these microsatellite clusters as M. molossus and M. coibensis. To differentiate species, morphological information was only reliable when forearm length and body mass were combined in a linear discriminant function (95.9% correctly identified individuals). When looking in more detail at M. molossus and M. coibensis, only four out of 13 wing parameters were informative for species differentiation, with M. coibensis showing lower values for hand wing area and hand wing length and higher values for wing loading. Acoustic recordings after release required categorization of calls into types, yielding only two informative subsets: approach calls and two-toned search calls. Our data emphasizes the importance of combining morphological traits and independent genetic data to inform the best choice and combination of discriminatory information used in the field. Because parameters can vary geographically, the multi-method approach may need to be adjusted to local species assemblies and populations to be entirely informative.
