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Simultaneous measurement of the WitMotion sensors and the laser pointer device. A Proprioceptive tests; B The upper computer software
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Introduction:
In clinical practice, cervical proprioception is usually evaluated by calculating the cervical joint position error (JPE) with laser pointer devices (LPD) or cervical range-of-motion (CROM) instruments. As technology continues to improve, more and more advanced tools are used to evaluate cervical proprioception. The purpose of this s...
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Context 1
... participant was required to sit upright at a fixed distance of 90 cm to a target and the target was a white paper (60 9 60 cm) that was glued to the wall and can be adjusted according to the height of the participants. Next, the LPD that binds the WS was placed on the participants' heads ( Fig. 1A). Meanwhile, all participants wore blindfolds to block visual interference and were strapped across the shoulders to the chair to reduce limb compensation. Then, the examiner asked the participant to move their head from the neutral position into approximately 50% of maximal cervical range of motion and then slowly return the head to ...
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Citations
... Deficits in neck proprioception can be measured with the Joint Position Error (JPE) from head repositioning tests [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. In these tests, usually, subjects are blindfolded and seated on a chair with back and armrests. ...
... Whichever the trial design, various devices and measuring methods have been used to assess head movements [14,15] [16,27], virtual reality systems [28], and optoelectronic systems [29]. ...
Neck proprioception is commonly assessed with head repositioning tests. In such a test, an operator rotates the head of a blindfolded individual to a target position. After returning to the rest position, the participant actively repositions the head to the target. Joint Position Error (JPE) is the angular difference between the target angle (however oriented in a 3D space) and the actively reached positions (the smaller the difference, the better the proprioception). This study aimed to validate a head-to-target (HTT) repositioning test using an optoelectronic system for also measuring the components of the JPE in the horizontal, frontal, and sagittal planes. The head movements requested by the operator consisted of 30° left-right rotations and 25° flexion-extension. The operators or subjects could not obtain these movements without modest rotations in other planes. Two operators were involved. Twenty-six healthy participants (13 women) were recruited (mean (SD): 33.4 (6.3) years). The subjects' JPE in the requested (intended) plane of motion (JPEint-component) was a few degrees only and smaller for flexion-extensions than for left-right rotations (right rotation: 5.39° (5.29°); left rotation: 5.03° (4.51°), extension: 1.79° (3.94°); flexion: 0.54° (4.35°)). Partici-pants' average error in unintended planes was around 1° or less. Inter-operator consistency and agreement were high. The smallest detectable change, at p < 0.05, for JPEint-component ranged between 4.5° and 6.98°. This method of optoelectronic measurement in HTT repositioning tests provides results with good metric properties, fostering application to clinical studies.
