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Integrating decarbonisation strategies for road transport and electricity is vital to minimise the overall cost of meeting the carbon target. This integration maximises the synergy across different energy sectors to improve the value and utilisation of investment, especially in low‐carbon technologies across all sectors. This study presents an inte...
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... It is noteworthy that the electrification of transportation systems, HFN, as opposed to the standalone application of hydrogen, can leverage the infrastructure of the electricity-transportation system. This facilitates the retrofitting of hydrogen refuelling stations and the cost-effective expansion of hydrogen transportation, particularly within the context of electrification of transportation systems [22]. Additionally, as energy storage devices, EVs offer bidirectional communication and energy transfer capabilities with electric power networks. ...
The trend of global energy systems towards carbon neutrality has led to an escalating interdependency between electricity, hydrogen fuel, and transportation networks. However, the means of surmounting the many challenges confronting the optimal coupling and coordination of electric power, hydrogen fuel, and transportation systems are not sufficiently understood to guide modern infrastructure planning operations. The present work addresses this issue by surveying the extant literature, relevant government policies, and future development trends to evaluate the present state of technology available for coordinating these systems and then determine the most pressing issues that remain to be addressed to facilitate future trends. On the one hand, the users of transportation networks represent flexible consumers of electric power and hydrogen fuel for those connected via devices such as electric vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles through charging stations and hydrogen refuelling stations. On the other hand, power grids can mitigate the negative effect of random charging behaviours on grid security through time‐of‐use electricity pricing, while excess renewable energy outputs can be applied to generate hydrogen fuel. The findings of this overview offer support for infrastructure planning and operations. Finally, the most urgent issues requiring further research are summarised.
... [265] wanted to apply the deep learning technique of image and point cloud fusion to autonomous driving. • Fu considered the interactions between the electricity, hydrogen, and transport sectors to produce an integrated multi-energy optimization model to assess the economic performance and systemic impacts of different road transport decarbonization strategies and to analyze the synergies with decarbonization in the electricity sector [266]. ...
The introduction of the idea of “carbon neutrality” gives the development of low carbon and decarbonization a defined path. Climate change is a significant worldwide concern. To offer a theoretical foundation for the implementation of carbon reduction, this research first analyzes the idea of carbon footprinting, accounting techniques, and supporting technologies. The next section examines carbon emission reduction technologies in terms of lowering emissions and raising carbon sequestration. Digital intelligence technologies like the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence will be crucial throughout the process of reducing carbon emissions. The implementation pathways for increasing carbon sequestration primarily include ecological and technological carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, proving carbon neutrality requires measuring and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from several industries, which makes it a challenging undertaking. Intending to increase the effectiveness of carbon footprint measurement, this study created a web-based program for computing and analyzing the whole life-cycle carbon footprint of items. The practical applications and difficulties of digital technologies, such as blockchain, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence in achieving a transition to carbon neutrality are also reviewed, and additional encouraging research ideas and recommendations are made to support the development of carbon neutrality.
... Recent studies show that hydrogen has taken a leading role when modelling multi-energy systems, due to its ability to compensate for seasonal or daily variations in renewable generation [30], its ability to integrate with a renewable power systems [31] and low-carbon transport sectors [32], or its potential ability to be stored in installed gas infrastructure [33], among others. [34], for example, propose a MILP optimisation model for the optimal design of district-scale multienergy systems with seasonal hydrogen storage capacity. ...
... In contrast to the studies mentioned above, several research efforts concentrate on linking energy supply and end-use sectors. Synergies between electricity and H2 supply sectors, linked either with road transport [29], [30] or with residential heating [31], [32] under carbon emission constraints are investigated, while both road/rail transport and residential heating are incorporated in [33]. Joint integration of flexible electric and fuel-cell vehicles in the transportation sector results in improved economies than in scenarios considering separately the integration of each option [29], while the power-to-H2 route is proved to facilitate low-emission goals and prevent additional RES investment [30]. ...
... Synergies between electricity and H2 supply sectors, linked either with road transport [29], [30] or with residential heating [31], [32] under carbon emission constraints are investigated, while both road/rail transport and residential heating are incorporated in [33]. Joint integration of flexible electric and fuel-cell vehicles in the transportation sector results in improved economies than in scenarios considering separately the integration of each option [29], while the power-to-H2 route is proved to facilitate low-emission goals and prevent additional RES investment [30]. Cross-sector flexibility offered by district heating, compared to heat pumps and electric vehicles, increases RES market prices in [31], while possible beneficial effects of renewable H2 in a deeply decarbonized system along with a green H2 supply curve are determined in [32]. ...
... Notably, all papers are built upon the state-of-the-art (MI)LP mathematical programming, while most of them adopt a simplified analysis paradigm, neglecting active power reserves requirements of the power sector, even though they may impact substantially the analysis results [40]. Representation of competition between carriers in end-use sectors varies significantly, with more detailed approaches usually compromising with a short temporal horizon [29], [34], [35]. Overall, all modelling frameworks reviewed fail to combine the following modelling features: high temporal resolution and optimization horizon, detailed representation of reserves requirements and flexible fulfillment of energy demand in each end-use sector. ...
This paper assesses the effects of fossil natural gas (NG) price variations and NG consumption restrictions on the development and decarbonization of future cross-sector and cross-vector coupled energy systems. For this purpose, a capacity expansion planning model built upon the linear programming mathematical optimization is developed, optimizing operation and investment in technologies for generation, storage, conversion and final consumption of electricity, hydrogen (H2), and NG, while carbon dioxide (CO2) sector encompassing carbon capture, storage and utilization is incorporated in the model. A base case scenario adopting REPowerEU expectations about NG price levels by 2050 is analyzed, with the Greek sector-coupled energy system selected as a case study, aiming to demonstrate that anticipated NG price is inadequate to stimulate full decarbonization of the integrated energy system and even moderately reduce dependence on NG. Thus, increased fossil NG prices and consumption restrictions are assessed regarding their potential contribution towards incentivizing energy system complete decarbonization. Decarbonization is achieved both with a NG price of 120 €/MWh and with elimination of fossil NG consumption, at a similar cost, yet with a different energy system development. In both cases, a cumulative renewable energy sources (RES) capacity of 106 GWe accompanied by substantial long-duration storage is required. Interestingly, as decarbonization levels increase, onshore wind farms prevail over PVs in the generation mix. Residential heating-cooling and transport needs are predominantly electrified, while industrial heating is exclusively supplied by Η2.
... In [36], another hydrogen supply chain is designed by optimising infrastructural and operational costs for the transport sector. In [37], a large-scale model is presented for optimising the interactions between electricity, hydrogen, and transport sectors and identify cost-efficient decarbonisation scenarios for the whole energy system in the UK. ...
Delivering low-carbon heat will require the substitution of natural gas with low-carbon alternatives such as electricity and hydrogen. The objective of this paper is to develop a method to soft-link two advanced, investment-optimising energy system models, RTN (Resource-Technology Network) and WeSIM (Whole-electricity System Investment Model), in order to assess cost-efficient heat decarbonisation pathways for the UK while utilising the respective strengths of the two models. The linking procedure included passing on hourly electricity prices from WeSIM as input to RTN, and returning capacities and locations of hydrogen generation and shares of electricity and hydrogen in heat supply from RTN to WeSIM. The outputs demonstrate that soft-linking can improve the quality of the solution, while providing useful insights into the cost-efficient pathways for zero-carbon heating. Quantitative results point to the cost-effectiveness of using a mix of electricity and hydrogen technologies for delivering zero-carbon heat, also demonstrating a high level of interaction between electricity and hydrogen infrastructure in a zero-carbon system. Hydrogen from gas reforming with carbon capture and storage can play a significant role in the medium term, while remaining a cost-efficient option for supplying peak heat demand in the longer term, with the bulk of heat demand being supplied by electric heat pumps.
... In [36], another hydrogen supply chain is designed by optimising infrastructural and operational costs for the transport sector. In [37], a large-scale model is presented for optimising the interactions between electricity, hydrogen, and transport sectors and identify cost-efficient decarbonisation scenarios for the whole energy system in the UK. ...
Delivering low-carbon heat will require the substitution of natural gas with low-carbon alternatives such as electricity and hydrogen. The objective of this paper is to develop a method to soft-link two advanced, investment-optimising energy system models, RTN (Resource-Technology Network) and WeSIM (Whole-electricity System Investment Model), in order to assess cost-efficient heat decarbonisation pathways for the UK while utilising the respective strengths of the two models. The linking procedure included passing on hourly electricity prices from WeSIM as input to RTN, and returning capacities and locations of hydrogen generation and shares of electricity and hydrogen in heat supply from RTN to WeSIM. The outputs demonstrate that soft-linking can improve the quality of the solution, while providing useful insights into the cost-efficient pathways for zero-carbon heating. Quantitative results point to the cost-effectiveness of using a mix of electricity and hydrogen technologies for delivering zero-carbon heat, also demonstrating a high level of interaction between electricity and hydrogen infrastructure in a zero-carbon system. Hydrogen from gas reforming with carbon capture and storage can play a significant role in the medium term, while remaining a cost-efficient option for supplying peak heat demand in the longer term, with the bulk of heat demand being supplied by electric heat pumps.
... With the rapid development of CCP and PtG, it is possible to recycle CO 2 and on-site capture using surplus energy [22]. The authors in [23] considered the interaction across electricity, hydrogen and transport sector, and integrated PtG into different energy sectors with various utilizations. Zhang et al. [14] established a low-carbon economic planning model, and studied ladder-type carbon trading cost model with PtG participating in. ...
... In the radial gas distribution network, the topologies of natural gas distribution networks are usually radial and the original Weymouth equation could be regarded as one-way flow, so the Weymouth model could be simplified to (23), which describes the non-linear relationship between the gas flow and the node pressure. Besides, the natural gas node pressure is restricted by the upper and lower limits, which is reflected in (24). ...
... In addition, (30) is approximated to a linear constraint by piecewise linearization [6].The second-order cone relaxation (SOCR) constraints of (10), (13) are expressed by (36), (37) respectively, whereÎ i j,t is equal to I 2 i j,t , andV j ,t is equal toV 2 jt . Equation (38) represents the second-order cone relaxation of the gas flow constraint (23). To improve the accuracy of SOCR in natural gas system, the objective function with node penalty factor is updated to (39). ...
Under the promotion of low‐carbon policies, the coordinated operation of integrated electricity‐gas distribution system (IEGDS) considering CO2 emission is of great significance to accelerate the process of energy conservation and could improve the economy of IEGDS. The paper proposes a low‐carbon coordinated operation of the IEGDS considering hybrid AC/DC distribution network, carbon capture and carbon storage. Firstly, the coordinated scheduling model of the IEGDS is discussed, with coupling constraints of gas turbines and power‐to‐gas. Secondly, the paper presents the model of hybrid AC/DC power distribution system, where non‐linear network constraints are relaxed into second‐order‐cone programming forms. Regarding carbon emission, the CO2 produced by fossil fuel burning can be partly captured by carbon capture plant, stored in carbon storage tank, and transported by trucks to carbon storage warehouse that trades with the carbon market. With the cooperation of various components, a comprehensive model considering carbon flow and trading in the distribution system is innovatively presented here. Numerical experiments validate the effectiveness of proposed low‐carbon coordinated scheduling model for the integrated electricity and natural gas distribution system.
Energy transition studies, focusing on electricity and heating sectors, often consider a local energy system
perspective. According to current state-of-the-art, a local energy systems perspective is yet and typically dismissed in the existing road transport decarbonization studies. Such studies tend to be limited to a national or
global perspective, ignoring the challenges that rural areas may face. This study aims to develop a contextspecific method that considers a local energy perspective when generating rural road transport decarbonization pathways. Literature review findings were iterated through participatory interactions with municipal
officials from three Swedish municipalities, representing different-sized rural areas. Based on the municipalities’
climate actions (fossil-free municipality targets) and the availability of local resources, five pathways were
identified in an iterative and co-development manner. These pathways differed with respect to: (i) local electricity production; (ii) use of bio-sources; (iii) flexibility of public transport services; and (iv) tourism-related
road traffic demands. The identified pathways were subjected to a qualitative performance assessment, which
revealed that the local feasibility of each identified pathway depends on economic, environmental, and logistical
factors. Although all identified pathways have the potential to contribute to the decarbonization of the municipalities’ road transport systems, the municipalities preferred different pathways depending on their socioeconomic, technical, and regulatory priorities.
