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People in the semi-arid region of central Burkina Faso rely heavily on groundwater resources from basement rock aquifers for potable uses. In this study, the hydrogeochemical processes that control groundwater quality and contribute to better water resource management were characterised using major ion geochemistry, the calculation of water quality...
Citations
... [Kechiched et al., 2020;Sako and Kafando, 2021;Imbulana et al., 2021]. A Pearson's correlation matrix on clr-data revealed very strong positive correlation between most major ions Na, K, Cl, SO 4 and F and their very strong negative correlation with Fe(Table 7). ...
... Ouedraogo et al., 2016;Sako et al., 2018) and water-rock interactions (e.g. Sako & Kafando, 2021;Sako et al., 2016). Hence, prior to groundwater use for domestic water supply, its status should be thoroughly assessed. ...
... More importantly, the technique has been also applied to evaluate the effects of both geochemical processes and anthropologic activities on groundwater chemistry Zhang et al., 2019). A combination of graphical interpretation (iron ratio scatters and hydrochemical facies), multivariate analysis techniques and geochemical modelling has been traditionally used to characterize groundwater status worldwide (Avtar et al., 2013;Dehghanzadeh et al., 2015;Elumalai et al., 2023;Liu et al., 2022;Piña et al., 2018;Sako & Kafando, 2021;Shelton et al., 2018;Wu et al., 2020;Xiao et al., 2022). Although these techniques can provide invaluable information on hydrogeochemical processes, they cannot specifically target anomalous data and they fail to distinguish anthropogenic population from the natural hydrogeochemical datasets. ...
Hydrogeochemical processes that govern selected inorganic substances distribution in a semi-confined aquifer were characterized using traditional hydrogeochemical approaches and natural background levels (NBLs). Saturation indices and bivariate plots were used to investigate the effects of water–rock interactions on natural evolution of the groundwater chemistry, whereas Q-mode hierarchical cluster analysis and one-way analysis of variance classified the groundwater samples into three distinct groups. To highlight the groundwater status, NBLs and threshold values (TVs) of the substances were calculated using pre-selection method. Piper’s diagram showed that the Ca–Mg–HCO3 water type was the only hydrochemical facies of the groundwaters. Although all samples, except a borewell with a high NO3⁻ concentration, had major ion and transition metal concentrations within the World Health Organization’s recommended guideline values for drinking water, Cl⁻, NO3⁻ and PO4³⁻ exhibited scattered distribution patterns, reflecting their nonpoint anthropogenic sources in the groundwater system. The bivariate and saturation indices revealed that silicate weathering and possible gypsum and anhydrite dissolution contributed to the groundwater chemistry. In contrast, NH4⁺, FeT and Mn abundance appeared to be influenced by redox conditions. Strong positive spatial correlations between pH, FeT, Mn and Zn suggested that mobility of these metals was controlled by pH. The relative high F⁻ concentrations in lowland areas may imply the impact of evaporation on this ion’s abundance. Contrary to TVs of HCO3⁻, those of Cl⁻, NO3⁻, SO4²⁻, F⁻ and NH4⁺ were below the guideline values, confirming the influence of chemical weathering on the groundwater chemistry. Based on the present findings, further studies that take into account more inorganic substances are required for NBLs and TVs determination in the area, thereby setting up a robust sustainable management plan for the regional groundwater resources.
... High arsenic groundwater is widely distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, West Africa, North America [2,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Globally, more than 100 million people are exposed to arsenic-rich groundwater, including 19 million in China [2,[14][15][16]. ...
... The oxidative dissolution and reductive dissolution of arsenic-bearing minerals were the main processes of geogenic arsenic being released from the sediments to the groundwater. Changes in the groundwater regime, redox potential (Eh), acidity, and alkalinity (pH) exerted an influence on arsenic in the sediments, through the adsorption and resolution process, and then affected the concentration of arsenic in the water [5,11,15,19,27,29,41,[48][49][50][51][52]. ...
Arsenic poses a danger to environmental health, and arsenic-rich groundwater is a key exposure risk for humans. The distribution, migration, and enrichment of arsenic in groundwater is an important environmental and public health problem. Currently, the Huaihe River Basin is identified as a region of arsenic-rich groundwater in China. This study aims to assess arsenic-rich groundwater potential pollution risk, analyze the hydrogeochemical processes, and trace the ion source based on an analysis of groundwater hydrogeochemical data. The results show that arsenic is the main inorganic chemical substances affecting the water quality in the study area, which presents a high exposure risk for public health. The arsenic concentration of groundwater was f 5.75 ± 5.42 μg/L, and 23% of the considered samples exceeded the drinking water standards of the World Health Organization. The groundwater in the study area underwent evaporation, halite dissolution, and ion exchange processes. The total alkalinity (HCO3−) of the arsenic-rich groundwater mainly ranged between 400–700 mg/L, and the chemical type was mainly of HCO3-Na. In an alkaline environment, the oxidative dissolution and reductive dissolution of arsenic bearing minerals might be the formation mechanism of arsenic-rich groundwater.
Arsenic (As) is a conspicuous contaminant, and exposure to this element through contaminated drinking groundwater poses a significant challenge to public health. Geogenic groundwater arsenic is associated with sedimentary setting. This work concentrates on the investigation of lithology, elemental abundance and mineralogical compositions about the arsenic profile and its effect to the groundwater from Huaihe River Basin, China. There are 90 sediment samples from the borehole at the field monitoring sites were collected and analyzed. The results reveal that sedimentary concentrations of As, Fe, Mn, S, Al, N, organic carbon and mineralogical compositions vary across the Quaternary aquifer. Arsenic abundance of sediments is 10.63 ± 0.56 mg/kg, and peak As concentrations occur between 59.0 m and 64.8 m in fine particle sediments. The specific higher As concentrations in sedimentary aquifer are concordant with arsenic-rich groundwater around the investigated borehole. Fe, Mn, and Al depth profiles follow similar tendency to those of As. Sedimentary As concentrations are significantly correlated to Fe, Al, and Mn concentrations, but are not correlated to organic carbon and S concentrations. Arsenic probably exists in the form of non-crystalline colloids, and Fe, Al minerals are potential host minerals for arsenic. Under alkaline conditions, groundwater arsenic is released and enriched within the Quaternary aquifer by reductive dissolution of As-hosting Fe and Al minerals.
Arsenic poses a danger to public health and drinking arsenic-rich groundwater is the main route for human exposure to this element. The focus of this study is to assess the risk magnitude and likelihood for arsenic-rich groundwater in Huaihe River Plain, China using Risk Magnitude and Indicator Kriging methods. It has been found that 481 in 5515 investigated samples exceed the drinking water standards of the World Health Organization, which present a high exposure risk for public health. Arsenic concentrations range from 0.001 to 356.00 μg/L, with a median of 2.10 μg/L. The proportion of contaminated shallow groundwater samples is 9.77%, and the counterpart from deep layer is 2.85%, respectively. Arsenic concentrations are obviously higher in plain areas than those in hilly areas. High Risk Magnitude and Very High Risk Magnitude samples are sporadically positioned in inland and coastal plain. According to the prediction of Risk Probability maps over shallow and deep groundwater, high arsenic Risk Probability areas is scattered in the inland and coastal portion, and both Risk Probability peaks are similar. Some high arsenic hazard areas have been found to possess high cancer rates, and high Risk Probability peaks are correlated with cancer cluster. The potential high arsenic hazard areas over shallow groundwater encompass more than 4709 km², while the counterpart over deep groundwater is 1446 km². 2.88 million people are estimated to be potentially exposed to High Risk Probability of arsenic. This paper carried out research on exposure risk of arsenic contamination from Huaihe River Plain, China, which may provide guidance for regionalization of drinking groundwater safety.
