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![Simplified block diagram showing components of inductive Power transfer systems [4].](profile/M-Hanif/publication/297729229/figure/fig1/AS:338074132336640@1457614562143/Simplified-block-diagram-showing-components-of-inductive-Power-transfer-systems-4.png)
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![Fig. 9. A simplified model of DD pad [12]](profile/M-Hanif/publication/297729229/figure/fig2/AS:338074132336641@1457614562169/A-simplified-model-of-DD-pad-12_Q320.jpg)
Due to the benefits associated with Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) in Electric Vehicles (EV), tremendous research has been ongoing for the last two decades to improve the technology. One of the key components of WPT in EVs is the transmitting and the receiving coils, commonly referred to as the inductive power transfer (IPT) transformer. This paper...
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Square and circular coils are two typical topologies for coupling coils and are applied to wireless charging. However, most of the research on coupling coils is based on the finite element model (FEM), which is a time-consuming process for 3-D structure coils. In this paper, on the basis of Fourier–Bessel transformation and Dual Fourier transformat...
In a context of growing electrification of road transport, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) appears as an appealing alternative technology as it enables Electric Vehicles (EVs) to charge while driving and without any mechanical contact (with overhead cables or rails in the ground). Although the WPT technology background dates from the end of 20th cent...
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The expansion on the use of Electric Vehicles demands new mechanisms to ease the charging process, making it autonomous and with a reduced user intervention. This paper reviews the technologies applied to the wireless charge of Electric Vehicles. In particular, it focuses on the technologies based on the induction principle, the capacitive-based te...
This paper aims to present a simulation study for methods and topologies of the wireless power transfer (WPT) on Static and Dynamic Wireless Electric Vehicles Charging Systems (S-WEVCS and D-WEVCS respectively), in the fundamental performance parameters of these systems. This study is based on the results of the simulation models for the mainly use...
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... Birçok araştırmacı, Elektrikli Araçların (EA) şarjının verimliliğini artırmak için farklı bobin şekillerini kullanmaktadır. Daniel Ongayo vd., kablosuz şarj için tek ve çift taraflı endüktif güç aktarımına (EGA) dayanan transformatör sargı tasarımını karşılaştırmışlar [4]. Çift sargılı KGA transformatörlerinin fiziksel olarak daha sıkı olduğunu, ağırlıklarının daha az olduğunu ve trafo sargılarının farklı hizalarda olma durumunda bile iyi çalıştığını öne sürmüşlerdir. ...
Kablosuz güç aktarım (KGA) sistemleri, kablolara veya açıkta kalan iletkenlere ihtiyaç duyulmadan gücün aktarılmasını sağlamaktadır. Birçok uygulama alanı için KGA avantajlı olmakla birlikte bazı durumlarda yeni uygulamaların gerçekleştirilmesine de olanak sağlamaktadır. Kablosuz güç aktarımı, elektrikli araçların, tıbbi cihazların, cep telefonlarının ve bilgisayarların şarj edilmesinde geniş uygulama alanı bulması nedeniyle gelişmekte olan bir teknolojidir. Ayrıca, KAG, dünya çapında teknolojik olarak gelişmiş geleceğin toplumlarında her noktada uygulama alanı bulmaya hazırdır. Bu nedenle, KGA alanındaki bilgi, modern güç elektroniği mühendisi için giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Kablosuz güç aktarımını daha verimli ve kullanıcı dostu haline getirebilmek için KGA tasarımcıları için bu uygulamanın gerekliliklerinin iyi bilinmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu uygulamaların önemli bir kısmı, kablosuz güç aktarım sisteminde yüksek frekanslı bir transformatörün uygun tasarımına dayanmaktadır. Yüksek frekanslı bu transformatör, gücün kablosuz aktarımı esnasında kayıpların en aza indirilmesi için endüktif yolla güç aktarım ilkesine göre tasarlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, elektrikli araçların kablosuz şarj sistemlerinde kullanılmak üzere yüksek frekanslı bir KGA sistemi transformatörünün tasarımı sunulmuştur. Bu tasarımda, verici ve alıcı bobinler arasındaki farklı hava aralıkları için bazı transformatör konfigürasyonları, kuplaj katsayısı ve ortak endüktansın gibi kablosuz güç aktarım parametrelerinin elde edilmesi için analiz edilmiştir. Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi (SEY) tabanlı ANSYS-Maxwell-3D kullanılarak tasarımlar benzetim yoluyla analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada kablosuz güç aktarımı dairesel ve dikdörtgen tip transformatör tasarımlarının karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Bir deney düzeneği kurularak deneysel ve benzetim sonuçları da karşılaştırılmıştır.
... KGA sistemi genel olarak endüktif güç aktarımı (EGA) ve kapasitif güç transferi (KGT) olmak üzere iki sınıfta incelenmektedir [4]. EGA'nın çalışma prensibi, elektrik prizinden alınan enerjinin manyetik rezonans yoluyla araçların akülerine aktarılması şeklindedir. ...
... Different comparative studies [17][18][19][20] between these four different shapes (rectangular, circular, DD, and BP) of coils have been carried out in the past. However, most of them take different geometric dimensions for each structure [14,21,22]. ...
Recently, the number of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing due to the decline of oil resources and the rising of greenhouse gas emissions. However, EVs have not received full acceptance by consumers due to the limitations of the stored energy and charging problems. The dynamic or in-motion charging solution has become a suitable choice to solve the battery-related issues. Many researchers and vehicle manufacturers are working to develop an efficient charging system for EVs. In order to improve the efficiency of the dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT), the electromagnetic coupling coefficient between the two parts of the coupler must be maximized. This paper was dedicated to find the optimal topology of a magnetic coupler with the best coupling factor while taking in consideration the displacement and the misalignment of the EV. The article is introduced by developing a methodology for characterizing the electrical parameters of couplers, followed by a comparative study of different forms of coils suitable for dynamic charging of electric vehicles. The particularity of the proposed study concerned the overall dimensions, or the areas occupied by the windings of the coils remaining the same for all the chosen shapes and corresponding to the surface that is actually available under the EV. Simulation and experimental tests were carried out to validate the proposed study.
... Typically, Manganese-zinc (Mn-Zn) and Nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn) are best suited for non-conductivity and high magnetic permeability. Soft ferrites act as conductors for generating magnetic fields with low electrical conductivity, thereby limiting eddy current losses [158], [159]. Thus, adding a ferrite core allows the circuit to operate in high frequency without losing efficiency, minimizing leakage flux, improved quality factor, self and mutual inductance and provides a more considerable tolerance for lateral misalignment [160]. ...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming increasingly popular for applications such as inspections, delivery, agriculture, surveillance, and many more. It is estimated that, by 2040, UAVs/drones will become a mainstream delivery channel to satisfy the growing demand for parcel delivery. Though the UAVs are gaining interest in civil applications, the future of UAV charging is facing a set of vital concerns and open research challenges. Considering the case of parcel delivery, handling countless drones and their charging will become complex and laborious. The need for non-contact based multi-device charging techniques will be crucial in saving time and human resources. To efficiently address this issue, Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) for UAVs is a promising technology for multi-drone charging and autonomous handling of multiple devices. In the literature of the past five years, limited surveys were conducted for wireless UAV charging. Moreover, vital problems such as coil weight constraints, comparison between existing charging techniques, shielding methods and many other key issues are not addressed. This motivates the author in conducting this review for addressing the crucial aspects of wireless UAV charging. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive comparative study on wireless charging’s technical aspects conducted by prominent research laboratories, universities, and industries. The paper also discusses UAVs’ history, UAVs structure, categories of UAVs, mathematical formulation of coil and WPT standards for safer operation.
... The first type is characterized by reduced weight and ferrite usage. H-shaped and split-core-based solenoids are two typical lightweight FSCs [12]- [16]. The second type features enhanced misalignment tolerance in magnetic direction, such as flux pipe and solenoid with quadrature coil [17]- [19]. ...
The lateral misalignment for static electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging could be much larger than 100 mm if the parking assistance systems are unavailable. This paper proposes a split flat solenoid coupler (SFSC) to significantly extend the lateral misalignment and reduce the copper and ferrite usage. To obtain a good balance among coupling, misalignment tolerance, and cost, an optimization method for SFSC is proposed where the size limitations and ferrite tile specifications are considered. The optimized SFSC is compared with two magnetic couplers recommended in SAE J2954 in terms of coupling coefficient and misalignment tolerance. To eliminate the impact of coil size and make the comparison fair, the quantified misalignment tolerance is introduced. The proposed SFSC provides much better misalignment tolerance than the recommended couplers. A 1000-W prototype is built to show the advantages of the proposed coupler. The output current keeps unchanged when the lateral misalignment is as high as 400 mm. A highest power transfer efficiency, from DC input to DC output, of 89.12% is achieved when the output power is 1000 W.
... The authors in [24,25] proved that these materials can assist magnetic flux to propagate on one side and boost mutual inductance of two-coil coupling based on simulation and experimental validation. Ongayo and Hanif [26] investigated the magnetic field behaviour in the single-sided and double-sided structures, although they stated general characteristics without supporting the quantitative analysis. Many papers have proposed different designs and circuit modifications under ICPT systems, which will be discussed in the next section. ...
... As an example, Buja et al. [40] fabricated a high-cost design of a circular coupler, and yet it transferred <1 kW. In [26], they emphasised the implications of structural changes on a circular coil, including coil diameter, ferrite size and pitch between turns. From the simulation analysis in [24,41], the number of turns is directly proportional to the coupling coefficient, uncompensated power and inductance. ...
Inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT) is a technology that is implemented to charge Electric Vehicles (EVs) wirelessly. Some developments from the past years indicate that this promising charging method has the potential to replace wired charging methods. Thus, some aspects of designing ICPT need to be discussed and considered to develop an optimal system. However, most reviews from previous articles focused on developments of ICPT systems in the scope of EV charging. This article not only reviews current developments and topical issues and challenges in high-power ICPT systems, it also presents several techniques of analysing the system as well as further developments for wireless EV charging adapted from other electromagnetic field applications. This paper will assist readers to analyse any proposed ICPT systems using current methods of analysis and to tackle highlighted topical issues presented from previous technical papers.
... The electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging is a recent trend of charging the EV batteries without any plug-in activities as wired charging. Instead, the vehicles are only required to be parked under the power pad for charging purpose [1]. This technology implements inductive power transfer (IPT) system where the electrical power from the grid is transferred to the EV over large air gap using an induction of high-frequency electromagnetic wave from the transmitter coil. ...
... On the other hand, for distributed system structure, a long loop of primary coil lies on road track and couples with several secondary coils and transfers constant power simultaneously to the coupled coils [6]. Extensive researches have been made in both static [7]- [9] and dynamic charging [10]- [21]. In this proposal, the lumped system of ICPT will be focused in this research as the distributed system is quite impractical in deregulated electricity markets especially the billing system for dynamic charging that is still difficult to establish and execute [22], [23]. ...
Electric vehicle (EV) inductive charging is a technology that allows an EV to charge its energy storage system remotely without physical connections. It is an exemplary solution for EV charging due to the associated advantages in terms of automation, safety in harsh environments, reliability during environmental disasters, flexibility, and interoperability. There are three visions of implementing inductive power transfer (IPT) technology for EV charging: (i) static, which happens during long‐term parking, (ii) dynamic (in‐motion), which occurs during high‐speed travel, and (iii) quasi‐dynamic, which happens during transient stops and low‐speed driving charging. This chapter presents an overview of the IPT system in static, dynamic, and quasi‐dynamic EV charging. It presents the state of the art of coupler design, shielding techniques, and system configurations. In addition, it explores the status of the technology, including research and development activities, demonstration, and deployment projects, as well as standardization activities. The challenges and opportunities of IPT for EV charging are highlighted in this chapter.
