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Short review of the resveratrol effects in clinical trials in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) disease, skin disorders or cancer.
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Resveratrol could be beneficial to health and provides protection against a wide array of pathologies and age-associated problems, as evident from preclinical studies. However, a comparison of animal and human studies reveals that this dietary polyphenol cannot protect against metabolic diseases and their associated complications. The clinical outc...
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Introduction:
Fire needle therapy has been reported as an effective treatment for vitiligo. However, current clinical evidence has not been systematically evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine whether fire needle therapy is effective and safe for treating vitiligo.
Methods:
Seven databases were searched until October 2019 for randomi...
Citations
... Another hypothesis might point to the complex and, sometimes, even contradictory role of resveratrol on cognition and mood. On one hand, as stated before, this compound exerts several neuroprotective roles in neurodegenerative diseases (Wahab et al., 2017;Bastianetto et al., 2015) and chronic resveratrol intake reduces the oxidative stress and cell loss in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of 20-month-old rats, together with improvement on short-and long-term recognition memory and locomotor behavior (Juarez et al., 2023). The mechanisms behind this finding seem to be the enhancement of cholinergic neurotransmission and of the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, as well as the promotion of β-amyloid peptide clearance and the antiamyloidogenic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, eventually reducing the neuronal apoptosis and increasing cell survival (Sousa et al., 2020). ...
... RV, chemically known as 3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene is a non-flavonoid polyphenol that acts as a phytoestrogen with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anticancer properties [37]. RV is often referred to as a 'miracle' nutraceutical in advancing cancer therapy by mitigating cancer, along with possessing various bioactivities, including antidiabetic and antiaging activities [38,39]. RV effectively suppresses cancer cells [40] via inhibiting STAT3/SOCS-1 [41], NAF-1 [42], SIRT1/p38MAPK, and NO/DLC1 [43] signaling pathways. ...
... RV was selected in this study because of its efficient anti-oncogenic potential [38][39][40][42][43][44]. ...
... The compound RV was selected based on its high therapeutic values, as mentioned [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]49]. ...
The increased metabolic activity in cancer cells often leads to higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to normal cells, which can cause damage to cellular components, including DNA. Cancer cells rely on MTH1 to maintain their DNA integrity and cellular function to counteract this damage. MTH1 is critical in sanitizing oxidized nucleotide pools by removing damaged nucleotides. Inhibition of MTH1 disrupts this repair process, leading to increased DNA damage and cell death in cancer cells. In this study, we present resveratrol (RV) as a potential MTH1 inhibitor. Docking and MD Simulations illustrated the effective binding of RV to the active site of the MTH1 protein, forming a notably stable complex. The fluorescence binding studies estimated a high binding affinity of RV with MTH1 ( K a − 6.2 x 10 ⁵ ), inhibiting MTH1 activity with IC 50 20.4µM. The inhibitory effects of RV on the proliferation of breast cancer cells revealed significant inhibition in cell growth, leading to apoptosis. RV significantly increases ROS production, inducing considerable oxidative stress and ultimately resulting in cell death. Our study offers a rationale for evaluating RV as an MTH1 inhibitor for potential anti-cancer therapy, particularly in breast cancer.
... Resveratrol is involved in slowing down cellular aging and strengthening the immune system and has anti-obesity effects by limiting calorie restriction. It also plays an important role in preventing or mitigating diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as we saw earlier (Wahab et al., 2017). With regard to its cancer-suppressive action, resveratrol acts as a chemo preventive agent during the four stages of carcinogenesis, from initiation to metastasis through promotion and progression (Jang et al., 1997;Rivera-Aguilar et al., 2023), demonstrating its effectiveness in both in vitro and in vivo studies in the treatment of cancer (Ren et al., 2021). ...
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in various plants and fruits such as blackberries, blueberries, currants, strawberries, peanuts, and most especially in grapes. It is also present in red wine, although its content varies greatly depending on its origin. It is a phytoalexin produced by plants in response to stress, aggression from pathogens such as bacteria or fungi, or physical damage such as injury. In addition to its involvement in plant defence responses, resveratrol has been the
subject of research interest due to its potential health benefits, including antioxidant properties and potential positive effects on the cardiovascular system, among others.
... 7 RSVR has various properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and anti-tumor effects. [8][9][10] Besides that, RSVR has been shown in preclinical research to have protective benefits against numerous diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disease. 11,12 The antioxidant activity of RSVR exerts through decreasing ROS production and maintaining mitochondria function. ...
Isoproterenol (ISO), a chemically synthesized catecholamine, belongs to β-adrenoceptor agonist used to treat bradycardia. The β-adrenergic agonist is an essential regulator of myocardial metabolism and contractility; however, excessive exposure to ISO can initiate oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying ISO-induced cardiac remodeling, the protective efficacy of resveratrol (RSVR), and its liposomal formulation (L-RSVR) against such cardiac change. Wistar albino rats were evenly divided into 4 groups. Control group, ISO group received ISO (50 mg/kg, s.c.) twice a week for 2 weeks, and RSVR- and L-RSVR-treated groups in which rats received either RSVR or L-RSVR (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) along with ISO for 2 weeks. ISO caused a significant elevation of the expression levels of BAX and MEF2 mRNA, S100A1 and cytochrome C proteins, as well as DNA fragmentation in cardiac tissue compared to the control group. Treatment with either RSVR or L-RSVR for 14 days significantly ameliorated the damage induced by ISO, as evidenced by the improvement of all measured parameters. The present study shows that L-RSVR provides better cardio-protection against ISO-induced cardiac injury in rats, most likely through modulation of cardiac S100A1 protein expression and inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
... 13 Two polyphenols in particular, curcumin and resveratrol, are derived from foods, turmeric and red wine/ grapes, that have shown strong correlations in observational studies with reduced risk of chronic disease and improved longevity. 14,15 The impact on human biochemistry of the isolation of these compounds from their health-promoting foods (removing them from the food matrix) is at the root of the research question of this review. If a phytochemical like curcumin is credited for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor activities, is there a point at which this highly concentrated compound whose health benefits were first recognized in a different format as part of a whole food, can create imbalance in the oxidative homeostasis and lead to negative outcomes? ...
Background: A pro-inflammatory metabolic state is key to the chronic disease epidemic. Clinicians’ ability to use nutrients to balance inflammation via oxidant homeostasis depends on the quality of antioxidants research. Understanding the intersection of two prominent theories for how antioxidants quell inflammation—nutritional hormesis and oxidant scavenging—will enable therapeutic antioxidant use in clinical practice.
Purpose: We sought to survey the literature to answer the question: has the hormetic response of exogenous antioxidants been studied in humans and if so, what is its effect
Research Design: This review investigates the less well-established theory, nutritional hormesis. To understand the state of hormetic response research, we conducted a literature review describing the relationship between exogenous antioxidants, hormesis, and chronic disease. We used an adaptive search strategy (PubMed and Scopus), retrieving 343 articles, of which 218 were unique. Most studies reviewed the hormetic response in plant and cell models (73.6%) while only 2.2% were in humans.
Results: Given the limited robust evidence, clinicians lack research-based guidance on the appropriate therapeutic dose of exogenous antioxidants or, more concerning, supra-physiological dosing via supplements. A critical hurdle in searching the literature is the lack of standardized nomenclature describing the hormetic effect, challenging the ability of clinicians to make informed decisions.
Conclusion: Non-human research shows a biphasic, hormetic relationship with antioxidants but observational studies have yet to translate this into the complexities of human biochemistry and physiology. Therefore, we cannot accurately translate this into clinical care. To remedy this insufficiency, we suggest: (1) Improved data collection quality: controlled diet, standardized antioxidant measurements, bioavailability assessed via biomarkers; (2) Larger, harmonized datasets: research subject transparency, keyword standardization, consensus on a hormesis definition.
... Stilbenes are identified by a 1,2-diphenylethylene nucleus consisting of two phenolic rings connected by a methylene bridge (C6-C2-C6) [67]. The most well-known stilbene is resveratrol, which has received significant attention for its potential health benefits [68]. Lignans are generated from shikimic acid via the phenylpropanoid pathway through the oxidative dimerization of two phenylpropanoid C6-C3 units [69]. ...
Urolithiasis is a common urological disease with increasing prevalence and high recurrence rates around the world. Numerous studies have indicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS) were crucial pathogenic factors in stone formation. Dietary polyphenols are a large group of natural antioxidant compounds widely distributed in plant-based foods and beverages. Their diverse health benefits have attracted growing scientific attention in recent decades. Many literatures have reported the effectiveness of dietary polyphenols against stone formation. The antiurolithiatic mechanisms of polyphenols have been explained by their antioxidant potential to scavenge free radicals and ROS, modulate the expression and the activity of endogenous antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, regulate signaling pathways associated with OS, and maintain cell morphology and function. In this review, we first describe OS and its pathogenic effects in urolithiasis and summarize the classification and sources of dietary polyphenols. Then, we focus on the current evidence defining their antioxidant potential against stone formation and put forward challenges and future perspectives of dietary polyphenols. To conclude, dietary polyphenols offer potential applications in the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis.
... Among commonly used drugs, metformin, an antidiabetic drug originally derived from the Galega officinalis plant, could act on multiple pathways targeting aging and age-related diseases by activating AMPK and SIRT1 upregulation and inhibiting mTOR and ROS as well as NF-kb signaling, among others [142]. In addition to metformin, resveratrol, epicatechin, and the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (a vitamin B3 derivative) have been seen to improve mitochondria functions through similar mechanisms [143][144][145]. Like metformin, physical exercise also increases AMPK which upregulates IL15 in muscle while both AMPK and IL15 activities are decreased by aging [146]. ...
During aging, several tissues and biological systems undergo a progressive decline in function, leading to age-associated diseases such as neurodegenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this review, we focus on the molecular underpinning of senescence and neurodegeneration related to age-associated brain diseases, in particular, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, along with introducing nutrients or phytochemicals that modulate age-associated molecular dysfunctions, potentially offering preventive or therapeutic benefits. Based on current knowledge, the dysregulation of microglia genes and neuroinflammation, telomere attrition, neuronal stem cell degradation, vascular system dysfunction, reactive oxygen species, loss of chromosome X inactivation in females, and gut microbiome dysbiosis have been seen to play pivotal roles in neurodegeneration in an interactive manner. There are several phytochemicals (e.g., curcumin, EGCG, fucoidan, galangin, astin C, apigenin, resveratrol, phytic acid, acacetin, daucosterol, silibinin, sulforaphane, withaferin A, and betulinic acid) that modulate the dysfunction of one or several key genes (e.g., TREM2, C3, C3aR1, TNFA, NF-kb, TGFB1&2, SIRT1&6, HMGB1, and STING) affected in the aged brain. Although phytochemicals have shown promise in slowing down the progression of age-related brain diseases, more studies to identify their efficacy, alone or in combinations, in preclinical systems can help to design novel nutritional strategies for the management of neurodegenerative diseases in humans.
... It reduces EMT and decreases invasiveness and metastasis in PC cells [14]. Resveratrol is present in nuts, berries, and grapes, especially in the skin and it has been shown to exert anticancer activities [15]. Resveratrol has been shown to diminish pancreatitis in vivo induced by cerulein and pancreatic precancerous lesions. ...
Background:
Pancreatic cancer metastasis is characterized by a higher incidence of morbidity and mortality. The present study attempts to identify phytocomponents with the potential to inhibit the secretion of MMP-2 by pancreatic cancer cells and ascertain the efficacy of individual components.
Methods:
Overall survival analysis carried out revealed reduced survival of patients with high MMP-2 expression. Data analysis from TCGA revealed increased MMP-2 expression in pancreatic cancer patients compared to adjacent normal tissues. The expression of MMP-2 was reported at different stages of pancreatic cancer (Stage I-IV). To understand the relevance of phytocomponents in binding to the catalytic site of MMP-2, molecular docking studies were performed to find the effectiveness based on Glide score/energy. To substantiate the in-silico analysis, the eight components were also tested in vitro for reducing the survival in PANC-1 cells at three different time points (24, 48, and 72 hours). Finally, zymography analysis was performed using the eight components in the PANC-1 conditioned media of treated cells to ascertain the enzymatic activity of MMP-2.
Results:
The obtained results suggest plumbagin, emodin, and EGCG exert potential inhibition in PANC-1 cells, among other phytocomponents tested. Therefore, as assessed using computational studies, the binding ability of plumbagin, emodin, and EGCG can be interpreted as inhibiting effects on MMP-2 activities.
Conclusion:
These compounds could find potential application in preventing the progression, sustenance, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer and need to be explored further using a pre-clinical model system in order to validate the efficacy, bioavailability, and safety.
... A possible mechanistic explanation for wine's protective effect against obesity can be attributed to resveratrol. Resveratrol, a type of natural phenol found in food, including the skin of grapes, acts as an antioxidant with health-promoting properties, including BMI reduction [43,44]. Generally, studies investigating the interaction between variants predisposing obesity and wine consumption are lacking. ...
The transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18) gene plays a central and peripheral role in weight regulation. TMEM18 genetic polymorphisms have been identified as an important risk factor for obesity, depending on ethnic population and age. This research aimed to study the association of common TMEM18 polymorphisms with obesity and their interactions with modifiable factors, namely drinking habits (sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), flavored water and wine) and physical activity (PA) in the Israeli population. Adults (n = 3089) were analyzed for common TMEM18 polymorphisms and lifestyle and nutrition habits were obtained from questionnaires using adjusted (age, sex) binary logistic regression models. TMEM18 rs939583 and rs1879523 were significantly associated with increased obesity risk (OR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.17–1.57) and OR = 1.66, 95% CI (1.29–2.15), respectively). TMEM18 rs939583 interacted with consumption of 1–3 weekly glasses of wine and PA to attenuate obesity risk (OR = 0.82 95% CI (0.74–0.9; p < 0.001) and OR = 0.74 95% CI (0.68–0.8), respectively), while physical inactivity, SSBs and flavored water consumption significantly enhanced obesity risk (OR = 1.54 95% CI (1.41–1.67), OR = 1.31 95% CI (1.14–1.51) and OR = 1.35 95% CI (1.13–1.62), respectively). PA duration was significantly associated with a lower BMI for rs939583 risk carriers, with a PA cutoff of >30 min/week (p = 0.005) and >90 min/week (p = 0.01). Common TMEM18 SNPs were significantly linked with adult obesity risk and interacted with modifiable lifestyle factors.
... Resveratrol may activate SIRT-1 and SIRT-3, and further improve mitochondrial metabolism, which in turn decreases ROS production, increases FA oxidation, and inhibits the damage of fatty acid synthase (FAS). As a consequence, resveratrol increases mitochondrial biogenesis and decreases mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) expression by activating SIRT-1 in β-cells [51]. ...
... Various different studies have reported that resveratrol has a high value to decrease insulin resistance, and improve glucose, lipid homeostasis, and cardiometabolic risk [35,51,56] through sirtuine signaling pathways, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota modulation (composition and bioactivities). ...
Resveratrol (trans-resveratrol or 3,4′,5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol naturally present in grape skin and seeds. New innovative concentrated extracts produced by microorganisms or with innovative, ecological extraction techniques allow a new generation of high-quality ingredients for a diversity of product applications in nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Resveratrol exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties while promoting sirtuins 1 activities and mitochondrial functions. It also modulates multiple cellular signaling molecules, such as VEGF, caspases, cytokines NF-kB, vascular cell adhesion molecule, IGF-1, PPARs, and COX-2. Its clinical benefits have been demonstrated mainly in cognitive health, menopause, bone health, cardiovascular health, glucose metabolism, sport nutrition, and skin health. This chapter reviews the bioactivities of resveratrol, its clinical benefits, and detail its potential applications in several product categories in the growing field of health and nutrition product innovation. Resveratrol-based products may participate to provide new natural and complementary solutions for a global approach to health support and maintenance.
