Table 1 - uploaded by Abbadi Girmay
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... are several invasions of alien species in Kenya that have had negative impacts on biodiversity, agriculture and human development. Studies show that Kenya has been invaded by nine plant species, among them showed in Table 1, which was modified from Kedera and Kuria, (2005). ...
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... of cactus pear cultivars growing in Erobe, eastern Tigray was carried out on 13 commonly known cultivars. The cultivars with their vernacular names are presented in Table 1. The names have got meanings and these names are associated to their taste, location or color. ...
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... and Opuntia spp. in particular can prevent or reverses desertification through different ways: cacti are drought tolerant species, they are used in watershed management and in water harvesting and its efficient use, in wind and water erosion control, in rangeland and marginal land rehabilitation, in cropland management and crop diversification to contribute alleviating poverty and to reach better livelihood of the rural poor in dryland areas (Le Houérou, 1992; Nefzaoui and El Mourid, 2009) (Table 1) The species of the Opuntia spp. subgenus have developed phenological, physiological and a structural adaptation favorable to their development in arid environments, in which water is the main factor limiting the development of most plant species. ...
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... of variance for percent organic matter content at soil depth of 0-15 cm for the different sites showed significant variation. The mean percent organic matter content for the sites is shown in Table 13. The mean percent organic matter ranged from 3.19 to 9.00. ...
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... one-way analysis of variance tests for percent organic matter content for the different sites at 15-30 cm soil depth did not show significant variation. The mean values are depicted in Table 12 and the highest organic matter content was observed for decayed cactus pile and dense cactus areas though not significantly different from the other sites. This could be due to the accumulation of decayed plant parts for a long time without soil manipulation. ...
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... indicated in Table 13 mean values for total nitrogen do not show any significant variation among the site at both soil depths. Soil samples from dense cactus area indicate relatively high mean value when compared with the others but still it does not show any significance difference. ...
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... value for available phosphorus differed significantly among some of the sites at both soil depths. Cactus pile had the highest value while vegetated area had the smallest value (Table 14). Mean values for cactus pile and dense cactus area were significantly different from the others. ...
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... value for available phosphorus in the sub-soil of the cactus pile was significantly higher than in the other sites (Table 14). These are significantly different from the other treatment. ...
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... shown in Table 15 the mean value of EC for all sites fell between 0.36 ds/m and 0.73 ds/m. This reveals that the soils under the study area were not in the category of saline soils (>4ds/m). ...
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... pH varied significantly between the sites for both soil depths (Table 16). The highest value was recorded from soil samples of cactus pile followed Improved utilization of cactus pear for food, feed, soil and water conservation and other products in Africa by samples from dense cactus. ...
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... addition to the topsoil, significant variations occur among different soil sample in the sub soil (15-30 cm depth). in two ways: (i) organic matter is much higher in weight than corresponding value of mineral matter, (ii) organic matter gives increased aggregate stability to a soil. Thus, this can be the prime reason for the higher bulk density reported in Table 17. Furthermore, most of the sites are utilized for grazing purposes as a result excessive trampling of livestock might contribute for compaction of the soil that results in high bulk density. ...
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... utilization of cactus pear for food, feed, soil and water conservation and other products in Africa Table 12. Mean value of EC for different sites at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depth. ...
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... Means in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at α=0.05. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Av % cover ...
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... Problem sPeCies Table 1 lists the invasive species in the Opuntiae with their options for control and their present status as weeds in South Africa. Except for O. aurantiaca which is sterile, all other species produce fruit which are eaten by animals which then serve as vectors for further spread. ...
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... maximum VIF value in the model was about 3 that was less than 10, and possible to conclude that none of the regressor variables were involved in multicollinearity problem (Table 1). The overall adequacy of the model as tested by 2 R and . ...
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... Adj R was so high, 84.6 % and 81.5 % respectively and the model is suited to select the potential explanatory variables and properly predict the income level, as the prediction R 2 was also satisfactory that the model can predict 81.52 % of the variability in new data (Table 1). ...
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... such as oxen ownership, TLU, farm size and cactus holding have a positive and significant influence on the probability of increased income level in the study area, in agreement with a priori expectations ( Table 1). ...
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... could also enhance the income of the households through increased production as well as oxen rental incomes. Nevertheless, this variable failed to potentially discriminate between the growers and non-growers; however, households who didn't have oxen at all were relatively low in the grower's category than in the non cactus growers (see Table 10). Total livestock holding as measured by TLU, was also found to be an important variable in improving the overall income of the households and consistent with a priori expectations. ...
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... similar result was also obtained in the regression analysis estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) given above (see Table 1). Being a source of energy (draught power and cow-dung for fuel) and food, households with large livestock holding likely to generate more income that enable them to engage in more diverse crop production activities, including cactus production. ...
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... way of analysis of variance was made to compare the varieties. The result on chemical composition is not significant different while the nutrition content showed significant difference at P<0.05 in TSS% (Total soluble sold) and ASC% (Vitamin C) ( Table 1). Mean value for TSS% and ASC% ranged from 12.9g/100g and 0.06g/100g, respectively (Table 1). ...
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... result on chemical composition is not significant different while the nutrition content showed significant difference at P<0.05 in TSS% (Total soluble sold) and ASC% (Vitamin C) ( Table 1). Mean value for TSS% and ASC% ranged from 12.9g/100g and 0.06g/100g, respectively (Table 1). In TSS% Cheguar differed significantly from Qeyeh ashak, Mayzebezho and Atsmi while no significant difference were observed with Lematse and Tsaeda Beles. ...
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Citations
... It is reported that in Tunisia and Algeria, Prickly-pears are planted in contour-like patterns to maximize the efficiency of water runoff harvesting and to control soil erosion on hillslopes [29]. A similar technique is used in northern and central Africa but with a check-like pattern to prevent damage from high-intensity runoff and to prevent the inclusion and expansion of gullies [30]. ...
... An increase in the organic carbon sequestration of the soil is also observed where the prickly-pear is planted [17]. Furthermore, limiting soil and water erosion decreases the on-site loss of organic carbon [30]. Opuntia, being able to keep transforming CO 2 even at high temperatures and thriving in places inhospitable for most plant species, could contribute to lowering CO 2 in the earth's atmosphere. ...
Adapting our food production chain and increasing the flora and fauna’s livelihood in climate change-affected areas using Opuntia is not only theoretical but already exists in practice in many places. This cactus grows in unsuitable soil for most species as it is adapted to arid and semi-arid soils and hot weather. In these regions, Opuntia protects from erosion and contributes to soil health. The usage of this plant as fodder is also discussed, with immense potential in substituting a part of livestock’s diet and even increasing the quality of the animal’s by-products and decreasing water consumption. This would result in a feed that is low-cost and has a lower environmental impact. It is to be noted that Opuntia has a high potential as an invasive species, with caution always being recommended when dealing with this specie. The high content of specific compounds, such as proline, indicaxanthin, and betanin, found in Opuntia ficus-indica, influence the plant’s adaptation to unfavourable conditions. This collective evidence depicts Opuntia as a crop that can battle climate change and ensure food security.
... In Tunisia and Algeria, prickly pears are planted in contour-like patterns to maximize the efficiency of water runoff harvesting and soil erosion control in hillslopes (Nefzaoui and El Mourid 2010). In northern and central African countries, prickly pears planted in check-like structures across gullies were reported to form clumps that effectively control highintensity runoff and prevent the incision and expansion of gullies (Taddele, Negatu, and Girmay 2010). These surface processes, which derive from either interrill, rill, or gully erosion, are most likely to occur in croplands, where the exposure of ground surface, frequent tillage activities, and deformation of the soil structure accelerate land degradation and desertification (Nefzaoui and El Mourid 2010). ...
... Also, they increase soil organic C sequestration (Lemma et al. 2010). Further, in addition to actively sequestering organic C in soil, and as a side effect of soil and water conservation by prickly pear contours, they also effectively decrease the on-site loss of soil organic C through water erosion (see: Taddele, Negatu, and Girmay 2010). ...
The Opuntia ficus-indica offers a range of ecosystem services. Its provisioning services include food for humans, feed for livestock, and medicines, as well as fuelwood and feedstock for bioenergy. As for supporting ecosystem services, this cactus benefits biodiversity by providing wildlife with food, pollen, habitat, and shelter. Also, it can be used for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water. In terms of regulating services, it can be used to control soil erosion, it provides raw material for mulching and composting, it has fire breaking properties, and it sequesters carbon. It also provides cultural services; it is used as an ornamental plant, acts as a live fence, and can be used to delineate boundaries between adjacent plots. Also, in certain occasions, the species’ durability has made it a symbol of hope for refugees wishing to return to their expropriated lands. These ecosystem services can be fulfilled as long as the prickly pear is cultivated in home-gardens or in sustainable agroforestry and silvopasture systems. However, establishment of commercial monoculture plantations may accelerate environmental degradation. Further, the species invasiveness may lead to land infestation. The potential risks to natural ecosystems necessitate careful planting of prickly pears in the future, to ensure environmental sustainability.
