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Global climate change and unpredictable rain circle cause uncertainty of water availability. Therefore, the technology which can increase water distribution efficiency is needed. This paper describes prototype water level control system that has an important role in providing convenience in the drainage system. If usually the water gate at the dam...
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The purpose of this paper is mainly educational for new students “civil engineering” or “mechanical” ones shape. In it, a lab system is modelled and then controlled using Arduino HW, trying to reduce vibrations induced externally. The work shows the way of using modelling and automatic control theory. The controller proposed is PID kind tuned using...
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... In Indonesia, understanding the application of open-source water level loggers is scarce. To our knowledge, most in situ water level information is obtained from commercial loggers, whereas the applications of DIY loggers across Indonesian regions are still very limited [e.g., 15,[16][17][18]. This study aims to preliminary assess a DIY high-resolution pressure-based logger applicable to several coastal water observations. ...
Nearshore hydrodynamics, such as water level fluctuations, field observations play a crucial role in understanding and monitoring the dynamics of the coastal region. The observed parameters provide insight into oceanographic processes, climate change impacts, and the behavior of marine ecosystems that could be valuable for coastal management and infrastructure development planning. Most of the available hydrodynamic loggers are provided by companies with relatively high prices. Due to limited budgets, many areas including Indonesia waters, have limited hydrodynamic observation data. In this paper, we presented a prototype of a simple (DIY-Do It Yourself) and low-cost water level logger with a microcomputer that could be applied in coastal regions. The system consists of a pressure-based sensor to detect water level fluctuations, a temperature sensor, a single-board microcomputer and data logger, and a power supply with different sampling frequencies for various coastal applications. The result showed the ability of the microcomputer system to measure high-resolution water levels and temperatures applicable for non-directional waves, tides and non-tides observations, and ecological monitoring. The microcomputer’s low power consumption makes it suitable for long-term coastal observations, even in remote or battery-powered applications. The body of the logger is designed from PVC-nylon with sensors made from waterproof and corrosion-free materials to ensure its applicability for coastal monitoring. Moreover, the flexibility of the microcomputer system allows for customization and adaptation to specific research requirements at relatively affordable prices.
... The traveling time, the sounds of the outgoing time and returning time to the origin after striking on any obstacle is being calculated, hence the distance is obtained. Furthermore, a previous project on water level control systems has been done in [11], [14], [15]. The project's goal is to use Arduino to automatically open and close the dam's water gate based on rainfall levels, as opposed to the traditional method of manually operating the water gate at most dams. ...
... A flowchart was created from well-defined algorithms, from which codes were written and generated on the Arduino IDE [8], [9], [17]. It is similar with another research as in [6], [7], [11], Arduino is used as the main controller. As in [18], an automatic water level controller using Bluetooth wireless technology and Ultrasonic water level sensor controlled by Arduino UNO is developed. ...
Recently, various water level detection monitoring systems integrations were implemented to various places such as rivers and reservoirs to avoid floods. Thus, it is determined to construct a project primarily focused on water level management, named dam controller technology (DCOTech). DCOTech is a system that controls the amount of water in a reservoir using a microcontroller ATMEGA328p and several functions to prevent flash floods. Water sustainability requires proper monitoring via sensors and a controller. Moreover, a buzzer is used in DCOTech to give a warning signal to the people around and the residents. The water level sensor was constructed with a metal plate attached at both the bottom and top edges of the reservoir. The results obtained met expectations; whenever the sensor detects the water level is low, the green light emitting diode (LED) is turned on; otherwise, when the sensor detects the water level is high, the drain valve is opened, and simultaneously, turned on the buzzer to alert the surrounding. The goal of this project is to integrate a control system into an autonomous water level controller. This study aims to provide a solution to unexpected floods and to notify inhabitants when the water level is dangerously high.
... This design is expected to be a good contribution to the drainage system. With this automatic floodgate, of course, it will minimize the risk of flooding or other risks [5]. The research was carried out to overcome the flood problem by using Arduino as a microcontroller which will thoroughly control the ultrasonic sensor as a water level detector and the buzzer sensor as a sounder or alarm when the water level has reached a certain limit. ...
There is still a lot of use of the floodgates in the main hole to drain the residential water into the river is still operated manually by someone in charge of opening and closing the floodgates. It is less efficient and often happens to the operator, so the water overflows and can lead to flooding. In this final task, a prototype of an early flood detection system and the automation of sewerage in a settlement located on the riverbanks. The control of floodgates on the main hole works automatically according to the signal from a sensor that reads the state of the water level. Main hole floodgates will work when the river water enters it at a specific limit that sensors will read and provide information on the level of river water in it to someone via WhatsApp to prevent river water from entering the settlement. When the main hole door is closed automatically, the residential water flow will be directed to a temporary reservoir. When the temporary reservoir is full, the sensor will signal to activate the discharge pump that will be discharged into the river to dispose of the water in the reservoir. The design and testing of flood early detection prototype tools and residential water disposal automation can work well by the design principle.
... For example, they allow for the reduction or elimination of sediments accumulated in the base of the tank, as well as the complete emptying of the same. However, the inherent nonlinearity of these tanks is considered a challenge for control systems [13][14][15][16][17][18]. ...
In this work, a study of the water level control of an inverted conical tank system is presented. This type of tank has highly nonlinear mathematical and dynamic characteristics. Four control strategies are designed, applied, and compared, namely classical Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID), Gain Scheduling (GS), Internal Model Control (IMC), and Fuzzy Logic (FL). To determine which of the designed control strategies are the most suitable for an inverted conical tank, a comparative study of the behavior of the system is carried out. With this purpose, and considering situations much closer to reality, a variety of scenarios, such as step responses, ran-dom input disturbances, and momentary load disturbances, are conducted. Additionally, per-formance indexes (error- and statistics-based) are calculated to assess the system’s response.
... The data for the analysis obtained from the water supply mechanism and the water reservoir and tanks present in the city is collected continuously using sensors and transmitted to the cloud [8]. This following section has the basic description of the technology used. ...
... This board is powered by a 9volt power supply. Different sensors are used to measure the water conditions and levels for data collection [8]. The microcontroller, sensors and transmitters used are: (Fig. 2) is a wide range distance sensor which uses the SONAR technology [10]. ...
Water conservation is one of the prime concerns in the current scenario where environmental conditions are deteriorating at an alarming rate. Smart cities, unlike the conventional system of living, are in the frontline of innovation in terms of both connectivity and technological advancement. The main idea is to use the available technology to make life easy with lesser harm to the environment. An Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics (DA) based water management system will be a basic ground for implementation and future research on how data and IoT can be used to make this happen. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics (DA) based water distribution cum management system that would help in optimal distribution of water based on user consumption at the plot holding level. The proposed system would not only save water misuse but also help in storing usage data for analysis and town planning at a macro-level.
... The developed system is highly flexible and accessible in managing the liquid tank level. Pratilastiarso et al. [5] presented the modeling of the water [6] designed water level control with a water gate, open and close the water gate depending on the level of rainfall. Arduino and ultrasonic sensors are used to control the system. ...
... In [4,5,6] the authors proposed the water level system using Arduino UNO, and feedback controller to automatically control the water level, in [2,7] the design implemented the use of Force Sensing Resistor for applicable devices in medicine, rehabilitation, robotics, dentistry, etc. while [8] presented gyroscope and applications. W D Kingery [9] proposed a thermal stress resistance of ceramics. ...
Pouring hot drinks is more challenging for the visually impaired and is challenging to determine the exact level of the water inside. This paper presents the design and development of an assistive device to assist the visually impaired handle hot liquids safer. In the proposed system, a cup holder developed that measures the water level and temperature through the use of various sensors. A cup prototype was designed using CAD and printed for further testing. The team has successfully developed a working prototype that determines water level through pressure and provides a warning to the user when the water is too hot. In the future, further tests will be done to allow various types of cups on the cupholder.
... This allowed the authors to program it to perform the tasks of the proposed system: capturing and processing sensor data, actuating the gate motor, and publishing the gate data to the cloud. The Arduino does not have the network capability without a physical network adaptor [33,34]. Figure 9a shows a schematic diagram of the developed system. ...
In recent years, floods have increased in frequency and intensity, causing tremendous hardship. In badly affected regions, mostly the rural areas, Weir-type floodgates are the only measure against floods. However, these manually operated gates are numerous and scattered over vast areas. This makes flood mitigation efforts very challenging, which causes severe devastation. Current solutions to automate the floodgates are expensive, black-boxed, and focused on individual gates. In this paper, we present a Centralized Flood Monitoring and Coordination System developed through the Internet of Things (IoT) and other open-source technologies. For this work, we developed a working prototype of an autonomous floodgate that opens/closes according to the level of water. We also developed the required program to allow the gate controller to publish its data through the IoT gateway to the cloud. The data was then captured and viewed on a number of IoT clients, both for individuals and groups of floodgates, in real time. The developed system proved successful as the autonomous gates were monitored remotely through the established IoT framework, with room for future development and improvement. This paper serves as a proof of concept and a preparation for real, on-site implementation of the IoT-floodgates.
The development of a low-cost and high-precision water level indicator and controller using Arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor is the focus of this research study. The system aims to accurately measure the water level in a tank or reservoir and control water flow automatically. The research study involves designing and implementing the water level indicator and controller using arduino uno and an ultrasonic sensor. The system is designed to be low-cost and easy to install, making it ideal for use in households, small businesses, and rural areas. The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance between the water surface and the sensor. The arduino uno microcontroller then calculates the water level using this distance measurement and controls water flow using a motor or a solenoid valve. The system's performance is evaluated based on its accuracy, reliability, and response time. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are also considered in the evaluation process. The research study shows that the water level indicator and controller using arduino Uno and an ultrasonic sensor is a reliable and cost-effective solution for water management. The system can help prevent water wastage, reduce water bills, and ensure a steady water supply. The research study provides valuable insights into the development of low-cost and high-precision water level indicator and controller systems and their potential applications in water management.
Plastics of particle size less than 5 mm are termed as microplastics. These
are one of the most influential emerging contaminants, in terms of sustainable water
resource. The present study shows the degradation of quality of freshwater systems
in terms of occurrence and abundance of microplastics in surface water and sediments of freshwater systems, which leads to degradation of drinking water quality.
This study was executed on Kanke dam (a lake), located in Ranchi district, which
is the prime source of drinking water for the population of urban settlements. The
sampling was carried out in three stretches, i.e., pisciculture area, water supply area
and Ranchi municipal park area. The sampling of surface water is done with the help
of Manta net, fabricated using mesh size of 125 µm, and sediments were collected
with the help of trawl in aluminum foil. The trapped particles in Manta net were
collected and sieved through 63 µm sieve. The raw sample was purified using H2O2
in presence of Fenton’s reagent which acts as catalyst, followed by density separation
using NaCl. The supernatant was collected on filter paper and quantified using stereomicroscope (fluorescence microscopy). The concentration of microplastic particles
was maximum in pisciculture area followed by park area and water supply area.
The count of microplastics particles quantified was 300 particles in 100 m3 of water.
The chemical nature of the collected microplastics was identified using FTIR technique. Polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene (low-density and high-density) and
polyurethane were common polymers observed in the samples. Identification of the
chemical nature of the microplastics indicates their probable sources and thus can
be a useful tool to minimize the abundance by source correction.
