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In order to induce rapid division of the bacterial cells and to stimulate the specific metabolic products of these cells, the researcher prefers to use natural culture medium as an alternative to the synthetic medium. This study aimed to stimulate the production of the prodigiosin (red pigment) in the bacterium Serratia marcescens that was grown on...
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... cultural characteristics of S. marcescens colonies were red on nutrient agar and late lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar ( fig. 1). Then were carried out the staining technique under a microscope. The definitive identification of Serratia marcescens was done using the VITEK® 2 GN ID ...
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... of starch molecules with the proteolytic enzymes; because of the containment the legumes to carbohydrates and proteins According to Basam et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2012), Kamble and Hiwarale (2012). While the color of prodigiosin that produced from Isolates Serratia marcescens of water samples was orange on the solid medium of legumes mixture (fig. ...
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... oil, palm oil & olive oil as well as using the sunflower or castor seeds because it's considered as an essential source of carbon and nitrogen that bacteria need to stimulate prodigiosin (Pankaj et al., 2015;Chidambaram and Perumalsamy, 2009). But in this study, we proved it is possible to stimulate the pigment by a non-fatty or oily substrates ( fig. ...
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... cultural characteristics of S. marcescens colonies were red on nutrient agar and late lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar ( fig. 1). Then were carried out the staining technique under a microscope. The definitive identification of Serratia marcescens was done using the VITEK® 2 GN ID ...
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... of starch molecules with the proteolytic enzymes; because of the containment the legumes to carbohydrates and proteins According to Basam et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2012), Kamble and Hiwarale (2012). While the color of prodigiosin that produced from Isolates Serratia marcescens of water samples was orange on the solid medium of legumes mixture (fig. ...
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... oil, palm oil & olive oil as well as using the sunflower or castor seeds because it's considered as an essential source of carbon and nitrogen that bacteria need to stimulate prodigiosin (Pankaj et al., 2015;Chidambaram and Perumalsamy, 2009). But in this study, we proved it is possible to stimulate the pigment by a non-fatty or oily substrates ( fig. ...
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Citations
... This finding suggests that these products may be utilised to generate enzymes, significantly lowering the cost of culture media. Combinations of legumes were utilised by Mohammed et al. (2020) to create a media that encouraged Serratia marcescens to produce prodigiosin pigments. White beans, fava beans, mung beans, peas, chickpeas, black beans, and lentil powders were used to make the medium. ...
Culture media is the inevitable part of study of microorganisms and plays a significant role for flourishing microbial growth and metabolism. It consists of variety of macro as well as microelements. It can be raw materials or the synthetic media. However, traditional culture media components, especially synthetic media components are costly. As a result, numerous researches have been attempted to create and assess the effectiveness of alternative, affordable culture media, often employing basic materials that are natural and easily accessible. The current study reviews at several plant-based culture media formulations for microorganism growth and the generation of industrially relevant microbial chemicals. Most formulations which have been studied includes horticulture ingredients, vegetable substrates including soy, certain beans, maize and rice. In terms of microbial growth efficiency and manufacturing cost, alternative culture media frequently produce results that are satisfactory compared to standard media.
... Meanwhile, many authors have recently shown that plant-based media have high potential for application for microbial culture. Wastes, by-products, and cheap agricultural products are used to grow microbes by many researchers such as Jadhav et al. (2018), García-Sánchez et al. (2019), Shareef (2019), and Mohammed et al. (2020). These natural media contain sufficient nutrients and are suitable for the growth of microorganisms (Harper et al., 2022). ...
Plant-based media have recently been of interest as potential natural media for microbial culture. This study was conducted to apply inexpensive and available fruits to culture Bacillus antagonizing three fungal phytopathogens including Phytophthora capsici GTC 2.6.1, Rhizoctonia solani GTC 2.7.1, and Sclerotium rolfsii GTC 2.9.1. The results showed that the juice media of dragon fruit, Cavendish banana, watermelon,
pineapple, and MT1 seedless guava could all be used to culture two screened antagonistic Bacillus strains including B08 and B18. Surveys on the media from watermelon juice indicated that juice concentration (based on mass of fruit pulp), initial pH, concentration of traditional medium added to the juice medium had different effects on the growth of two strains of Bacillus sp. B08 and B18. These preliminary results demonstrated the potential application of the juice in biomass production of antagonistic Bacillus strains. This approach is certainly safe for the environment and has the potential to improve fruit consumption and reduce the cost of microbial fertilizer production, so it needs more research attention.
... Legumes have also been manipulated for the development of new media (Ravimannan et al., 2014;Uthayasooriyan et al., 2016;Shareef, 2019;Mohammed et al., 2020). Legumes are food crops belonging to the Leguminosae family. ...
Nutrient agar is a commonly used medium for the isolation and growth of a broad range of microorganisms. The feasibility of using soybean as a base medium in the development of alternative growth media was assessed in this study. Nutrient agar was used as a standard guide to evaluating the performance of the formulated soybean agar. Bacillus subtilis was inoculated and allowed to grow on nutrient agar and soybean agar. Their growth was compared within 24 h after inoculation based on the morphology of individual colonies formed on both media and the pattern of bacterial growth. Our results showed that soybean agar had comparable performance to nutrient agar as the morphological characteristics of B. subtilis colonies formed on both media are generally identical in terms of texture, margin, optical properties, colour, elevation, and shape. However, due to the similar appearance of the bacterial colonies and the soybean agar, the colonies formed on the soybean agar were slightly larger than those formed on nutrient agar. In addition, our findings also revealed that agar strips formed the best soybean agar compared to gelatin and agar powder. Ultimately, this study has shown that locally available soybeans and agar strips can be easily formulated as an alternative to commercial nutrient agar and have great potential for bacteriological research.
... Peptidases are further divided in to two groups "Endopeptidases" and "Exopeptidases" on the basis of site of enzyme action. Endopeptidases cleave the peptide bonds within the polypeptide chain while exopeptidases cleave the peptide bonds at the end or near the N terminal (like aminopeptidases, dipeptidases and tripeptidases) or C terminal (like peptidyl dipeptidases) of the substrate (Mohammed et al., 2020). On the origin of optimal pH peptidases are grouped into acidic, neutral and alkaline (Homaei et al., 2016). ...
... Serratia marcescens which is additionally known as "Chromobacterium Prodigiosum" is a gramnegative rod shape bacterium belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae (Hejazi & Falkiner, 1997). It is an opportunistic, motile, non-spore forming, prodigiosin (red pigment) producing bacteria which grows on both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Mohammed et al., 2020) at room temperature and at 37 0 C. In the late 1960s, Serratia marcescens was isolated from the intestine of silk worm called Bombyx mori L. (Devi et al., 2013). ...
Proteolytic enzymes are capable of hydrolyzing the peptide bonds amid amino acid residues of the protein. Serratia marcescens is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. Serratia peptidase is a well-known proteolytic enzyme produced by Serratia marcescens (Strain E-15). The objectives of this study were to extract, purify and characterize the bacterial peptidase produced by Serratia marcescens. The isolate was identified by morphological and biochemical characteristics. Screening of protease was conducted by using skim milk and gelatin agar. Protease assay, Bradford assay, and ammonium sulfate precipitation were also carried out. Characterization was implemented with different concentrations of enzyme, EDTA as an inhibitor, different temperatures, and pH. The enzyme was purified by gel filtration chromatography and the molecular weight was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Protease assay showed the activity of crude enzyme as 1.572 U/ml and 0.46 U/ml of precipitated proteins. Bradford assay exhibited the total protein concentration as 0.0853 mg/ml. Characterization indicates that the enzyme activity was increased up to 100 μl with 1.03 U/ml, and the enzyme was inhibited by 83% by using EDTA with an optimum temperature of 45°C and pH of 8.0. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be approximately 50 kDa by SDS-PAGE. It was concluded that the purified enzyme is serratia peptidase.
Keywords: Proteolytic enzymes, Serratia marcescens, Serratia peptidase.
... It was observed that the medium containing molasses, millets, and Russian waters in concentrations of 1%, 0.4%, and 0.1%, respectively, produced lipases, suggesting that these products can be used for the production of enzymes, substantially reducing culture media costs (Freitas et al., 2016). Mohammed et al. (2020) used mixtures of legumes to compose a medium that stimulated the production of prodigiosin pigments in Serratia marcescens. The medium was prepared from seven different legume powders: white beans, fava beans, mung beans, peas, chickpeas, black beans, and lentils. ...
Conventional culture media are expensive owing to their constituents. Thus, several studies have sought to develop and evaluate the efficacy of alternative, low-cost culture media, in most cases, using natural and easily accessible raw materials. The present study is a literature review, observing various formulations of culture media based on products of plant origin for the growth of microorganisms and production of microbial compounds of industrial interest. In most formulations, vegetable substrates, such as soy, certain beans, corn, and rice, were used in addition to hortofruticultural products. Compared to conventional media, the alternative culture media often present satisfactory results in terms of microbial growth efficiency and production cost.
