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This paper is about efficient use of smart dc grid technology for photovoltaic distributed generation and utilizing it in smart way, to build infrastructure more reliable and to achieve the goal to cater the need for tomorrow. As there are many conversion losses from ac to dc, world is moving towards dc appliances as most of the electronic applianc...
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... that 100 watt PV solar panel produce average current of 4 Amps, therefore from unity method we conclude that 25 watts solar panel can produce 1 Amps, hence required solar PV ratting is equal to 145.825 watts (5.833x 25). 240vdc battery system will be charged by total number of 20 solar panels of each 18-20Vdc all connected in series as shown in Fig. 2. ...
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Citations
... [112] recommended to adequately size the generation to ensure the daily demand. [119] showed a technique for preventing the total shortage in the system employing the priority load without affecting the storage backup time at night hours. [81] used a fuzzy expert system based on a meta-heuristic method for battery sizing and energy management. ...
The popularity of renewable energy systems has contributed significantly in the last years to the utility of low voltage direct current microgrids. However, these systems come with new challenges. This survey focuses on introducing a state-of-the-art low voltage direct current distribution system and sheds light on the challenges that must be faced in order to complete energy transition. This literature review was systematically carried out using the two largest scientific databases (SCOPUS and WOS) where the query (low voltage direct current microgrid) resulted in 198 articles. The purpose of this paper is not to reiterate the comparison of direct current with alternating current systems, which has already been discussed extensively. Instead, the objective of this survey is to assess the feasibility of the low voltage direct current distribution system and its impact on social development. To this end, this work provides valuable information for renewable energy planners, giving some insights or solutions to bridge the gap between the current energy network and the future DC energy microgrids. In particular, this article focuses on parameters such as grid topologies, distribution and voltage standardization efforts. The three major findings are: (i) the off-grid solutions enhance the efficiency rate in energy facilities (from 15% to 30%), and the vast majority of them are supported with energy storage systems to increase their reliability. However, in economic terms the most suitable systems still are the grid-connected solutions. Another finding is that (ii) the bus configurations are most used as well as the best in terms of their effectiveness to distribute low voltage and direct current energy within the microgrid. Lastly, (iii) the voltage value standardization around 48 V and 380 V, and even though there seems to be a clear convergence between them, the lack of agreement is delaying the massive implementation of these solutions worldwide. Finally, a novel assessment of social impacts and reflections on low voltage direct current microgrids is also included.
... Daily on each hour the module orientation value change to assure modules trace sun path to receive perpendicular rays incident at the solar panel with a tolerance of −15°to 15°during which all the cars remain parked under idle condition every day [9]. As stated earlier, MATLAB and Simulink have been used, all the necessary equations [9,15] for the determination of module arrangement has been encoded in the Simulink Model as shown in Fig. 12 show the results obtained from the analysis. Further, a fact had to be enlightened here that to predict the maximum to minimum land coverage not only depends on the number of modules required but also their arrangement. ...
E-vehicle technology will bear future transport demand in rural and urban sectors. The design and development of a vehicle for the respective application and corresponding charging devices are on the cards. Charging systems for mass transport will be highly challenging while involving renewable energy as a source. This study evolves the idea of setting up plug-in charging stations for hybrid & electric Vehicles at software parks in India powered by the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The methodology ascertains the use of parking lot space available around the building for solar PV installation. Henceforth, this study aims to carry out MATLAB Simulink simulation to understand the power generation capability at Chennai, India. The results of the simulation discuss the Smart Power management strategies by including micro-controllers for the charging station, which help in deciding the appropriate charging scheme for the vehicles. The simulation studies report on the amount of energy from the PV system that would be required to be able to meet the power requirement of the charging station for a specific case study. Also, discussion on the number of PV modules necessary, configuration of their installation, the number of batteries required for energy storage along with an estimate for the cost of installation of the whole system are mentioned.
... For enhancing the conversion efficiency and reducing the PV system's total cost, several researchers had conducted the DC configuration due to its simplicity; it only needs a few energy sources such as PV arrays, DC/DC converter, battery bank, DC bus, and DC load [78]. The control signal of the converter can minimize the output ripples of the converters during a specific time interval [79]. ...
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... This section focuses on review of different strategies for achieving high penetration of PV generation in the smart grids. Some studies on DC grid and DC microgrids for increasing PV penetration have been reported in the literature [42][43][44]. However, DC grids are limited to small islands or standalone systems whereas majority of studies focus on integrating PV generation to existing AC grids, both at transmission and distribution level. ...
Due to environmental concerns, power system generation is shifting from traditional fossil-fuel resources to renewable energy such as wind, solar and geothermal. Some of these technologies are very location specific while others require high upfront costs. Photovoltaic (PV) generation has become the rising star of this pack, thanks to its versatility. It can be implemented with very little upfront costs, e.g., small solar home systems, or large solar power plants can be developed to generate MWs of power. In contrast with wind or tidal generation, PV can be deployed all around the globe, albeit with varying potentials. These merits have made PV the renewable energy technology with highest installed capacity around the globe. However, PV penetration into the grid comes with its drawbacks. The inverter-interfaced nature of the PV systems significantly impacts the power system operation from protection, power flow and stability perspectives. There must be strategies to mitigate these negative impacts so that PV penetration into the grid can continue. This paper gives a thorough overview of such strategies from different research fields: such as communication, artificial intelligence, power electronics and electric vehicle charging coordination. In addition, possible research directions are given for future work.
... Further, in order to estimate the stability aspects of the DC micro grids in the presence of integrated wind and wave power generation systems a study is made in [8] where the authors proved that the DC micro grids are capable enough to deal with the wind and wave power integration. Also, the authors in [9] demonstrated that by using solar PV modules in the DC grids the overall efficiency of the system improves considerably. An energy management study on the DC micro grids considering different types of storages devices and higher penetration of renewable energy sources in presented in [10]. ...
... More and more digital equipment including smart building devices, solar photovoltaic (PV), storage batteries, electric vehicles (EV), CAV infrastructures, and other end-use devices requiring DC power enter our world, reviving discussions on DC power grids across the nation. When a home goes green, for instance PV on the roof and an EV in the garage, the overall efficiency of the system is much higher if the power generated by PV is never converted to AC [2]. ...
... More and more digital equipment, solar photovoltaic, storage batteries, electric vehicles (EV), CAV infrastructures, and other end-use devices requiring DC power enter our world, reviving discussions on DC power grids across the nation. When a home goes green, for instance PV on the roof and an EV in the garage, the overall efficiency of the system is much higher if the power generated by PV is never converted to AC [2]. If there is an energy storage (battery) buffering the PV, then there is no reason to lose energy converting subsequently between AC and DC, an unnecessary, extra step costing energy. ...
... These sources include renewable energy of elevators, photovoltaic power, micro turbines, wind power, and fuel cells, all of which can provide DC power to the building. Especially for elevators and building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) [8][9][10][11][12][13], they generate DC power directly. However, the existing building power distribution system is based on AC system, so that DC energy should be converted from DC to AC, then AC to DC. ...
As the quantity of direct current (DC) load and wireless power transmission (WPT) devices are continuously increasing in building, in order to efficiently utilize renewable energy (which outputs DC power) such as photovoltaic (PV), especially for building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV), and regeneration energy from elevators (which also outputs DC power), a novel building power distribution system architecture is explored in consideration of the characteristics of supply and demand-side in this paper. The proposed architecture is a hybrid framework integrated with conventional alternating current (AC) power distribution system, DC power distribution and WPT system. The applied AC and DC hybrid power distribution system has higher conversion efficiency than a single AC power system, which indicates that the former is becoming an important trend of building power distribution. In addition, the results of experimental test in a case study suggest that the proposed architecture can provide fine service for efficient application of renewable energy and regeneration energy in building. The obtained results also can serve as a foundation to promote the development of building power distribution system and related practical application in building.
Selection of a suitable power electronic converter to meet the desired outcome for any sort of application is a major step. In the case of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, the right selection of a converter has a significant impact on its efficiency. Over the past few decades, scholars have carried out a great deal of analysis to satisfy load specifications. The electronic power converters produced vary from several milliwatts to megawatts of power depending on requirements. A thorough analysis of these topologies is addressed considering the essential role of converter topologies in standalone and grid-based solar systems in improving efficiency of output power. In this paper, the authors examined control strategies of the converters, designs considered for the development of maximum power under various irradiation conditions, comparative study of various converter and inverter topologies. The comparative study presented should serve as a reference for choosing the precise power converter for a given set of PV system requirements.
