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Routine manufacture, detonation and disposal of explosives to land and groundwater have been resulted in the complete pollution. Explosives are xenobiotic compounds, being toxic to biological systems, and their recalcitrance leads to persistence in the environment. The methods currently used for the remediation of explosive contaminated sites are e...
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... bacterial isolates were kept on nutrient agar at 4 °C and recultured every 4 weeks. Serial dilution method for bacterial isolation and purification from explosive- contaminated soil was shown in (Figs. 1 and 2). ...Context 2
... 5 Biolog MicroStationTM system and compared to database. orders, and 15 families classified obtained from the different sites in region 1 at Explosive Institute (Ryiadh). As shown in Fig. 10, the dominant families in region 5 (R5) are Burkholde- riaceae, Chromatiaceae and Pseudomonadaceae which repre- sent 49% of the relative abundance at the family level. The dominant phylum present was proteobacteria which repre- sented 52% of the relative abundance at the phylum level. Vibrionaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae had low ...Context 3
... shown in Fig. 11, the dominant families in five regions were Burkholderiaceae, Chromatiaceae and Pseudomonadaceae which represent 49% of the relative abundance at the family level. The dominant phylum present was proteobacteria which ranged from 52% to 67% of the relative abundance at the phylum level. Vibrionaceae and Piscirickettsiaceae had a low ...Similar publications
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A study was conducted to prepare salted hilsa (NaCl, KCl) and divalent salts (CaCl Accepted: July 30 , 2016 Published: August 3 1, 2016 2 , MgCl 2 using different monovalent ) at different concentration (20%, 25%, 30% and 35%) and their effects on sensory, biochemical and microbial quality during maturing time. Hilsa fish were properly prepared and...
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Feed silage is the feedstuff preserved with high moisture content for ruminant animal. Physical characteristics of feed silage were good flavour, low pH, low deterioration and probable there was lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have antimicrobial activities. The aim of this research was to get antimicrobial LAB as bio preservative and probiotics fo...
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... Biogas composition was determined using a portable biogas 5000 gas analyzer (Geotech, Geotechnical Instruments (UK) Ltd., Coventry, England). The bacterial community was identified from the hydrogen reactors using the Biolog GEN III system (BIOLOG, Hayward, CA, USA), as discussed previously in the literature [38]. ...
Egypt faces significant challenges in managing its sewage sludge generated in large quantities from wastewater treatment plants. This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing sewage sludge as a renewable resource for hydrogen production through anaerobic digestion at the 100 L bioreactor level. Hydrogen is considered a promising alternative energy source due to its high energy content and environmental benefits. To optimize the microbial degradation process and maximize hydrogen production from sewage sludge, a specialized pretreatment is necessary. Various pretreatment methods have been applied to the sewage sludge, individually and in combination, to study the bio-hydrogen production from sewage sludge. The four methods of treatment were studied in batch assays as a pilot scale. Thermal pretreatment of sewage sludge significantly increases bio-hydrogen production yield compared to other sewage sludge pretreatment methods, producing the highest H2 yield (6.48 LH2/g VS). In general, the hydrogen yield of any type of pretreated inoculum was significantly higher than the untreated inoculum. At the same time, alkaline pretreatment improved the hydrogen yield (1.04 LH2/g VS) more than acid pretreatment (0.74 LH2/g VS), while the hydrogen yield for the combination of pretreatments (shock alkali pretreatment) was higher than both (1.73 LH2/g VS), On the other hand, untreated sewage sludge (control) had almost no hydrogen yield (0.03 LH2/g VS). The self-fermented anaerobic bioreactor improved sewage sludge utilization, increased bioenergy yields, and seems to be promising for treating complex wastes at this scale.
... A total of 1 mL of fermented milk dilution was taken for each sample and incubated in the M17 agar medium incubated in the M17 agar medium of choice at 37 • C for 48 h medium of choice at 37 • C for 48 h. To determine the changes in the number of viable bacteria at different stages in fermented milk [17]. ...
The metabolic utilization of different carbon sources by Streptococcus thermophilus JM905(S. thermophilus JM905) was determined using a high-throughput microbial phenotyping system, and changes in fermentation characteristics of S. thermophilus JM905 fermented milk were investigated at different fermentation periods, with changes in pH, water-holding capacity, viscosity, nuisance odor, and viable bacteria count being used to define the fermentation characteristics of the strain. Changes in the key metabolites, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, folic acid, L-lactic acid, D-glycerol-D-galactose-heptanol, (R)-leucine, L-aspartic acid, L-proline, D-arginine, L-isoleucine, hydra starch, L-lysine, L-tryptophan, and D-galactose, were clarified. Correspondingly, the fermented milk protein, amino acid, and fermented milk fat quality nutrient contents were determined to be 3.78 ± 0.054 g per 100 g, 3.405 ± 0.0234 g per 100 mL, and 0.161 ± 0.0030 g per 100 g, respectively. This study addressed strain carbon source utilization, changes in fermentation characteristics and metabolites during fermentation, with the aim of investigating the link between fermentation characteristics and metabolite quality components of Streptococcus thermophilus JM905 and its fermented milk with fermentation potential and to provide a useful reference for the screening of superior fermentation strains.
... e soil microorganisms were quantified by the agar plate dilution method [22]. Bacteria were cultured using a buffered peptone enrichment medium and later transferred to the nutrient agar where it was subcultured into blood agar and MacConkey agar. ...
This study investigated the efficacy of fermented seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on the remediation of fluoride-contaminated soil. The soil was amended with either 1.25, 3.0, or 5.0% (w/w) fermented seaweed (FSW), parallel with the controls (0%). The amendment improved the physicochemical properties of the soil particularly pH regulated from strong alkaline (9.3) to neutral (7.0) which is essential for germination, crop growth, and yield. The amount of water soluble-fluoride (Ws-F) dropped from 81.7 ± 3.1 mg/kg to 42.7 ± 2.4, 33.7 ± 1.2, 19.6 ± 0.9, and 12 ± 1.3 mg/kg following 0, 1.25, 3, and 5% amendment dosage, respectively. Most of the Ws-F was converted into exchangeable fluoride (Ex-F) and to fluoride-bound to iron and manganese (Fe/Mn-F). Furthermore, the amendment also enhanced microbial mass and diversity in the soil. The FSW contains organic acids which participate in ionic bonding with the multivalent cations in the soil. The formed compound participates in ion exchange with clay or with anionic adsorption to positively charged clay sites at the edges. This interaction is further essential for enhancing the fluoride holding capacity of the soil. The use of seaweed reduced the bioavailability of fluoride in the agricultural soils and had positive effects on promoting soil fertility. However, further studies to observe its effects on crop performance is of significance.
... BIOLOG microtiter plate assay can be used as a quick way to track changes in microbial communities metabolic fingerprints [161]. This approach was developed to classify bacteria on the basis of their ability to oxidize 95 distinct carbon sources, but it was later refined to assess functional aspects of microbial communities that produce habitatspecific and reproducible patterns of carbon substrate oxidation [162]. The density and composition of the inoculum utilized have been found to affect substrate utilization patterns. ...
... which is used to identify the bacterium [24]. ...
... The CLPP was proposed (Garland and Mills 1991) as a rapid screening means to characterize microbial communities from different habitats using BIOLOG plate and is being used to assess microbial community function and functional diversity (Preston-Mafham et al. 2002;Rutgers et al. 2016;Al-Dhabaan and Bakhali 2017). In the present study, there was clear discrimination between the carbon utilization patterns between bulk and rhizosphere soils evaluated using BIOLOG assay. ...
Rhizosphere microbial communities are dynamic and play a crucial role in diverse biochemical processes and nutrient cycling. Soil type and cultivar modulate the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities. Changes in the community composition significantly alter microbial function and ecological process. We examined the influence of soil type on eubacterial and diazotrophic community abundance and microbial metabolic potential in chickpea (cv. BG 372 and cv. BG 256) rhizosphere. The total eubacterial and diazotrophic community as estimated through 16 S rDNA and nifH gene copy numbers using qPCR showed the soil type influence with clear rhizosphere effect on gene abundance. PLFA study has shown the variation in microbial community structure with different soil types. Differential influence of soil types and cultivar on the ratio of Gram positive to Gram negative bacteria was observed with most rhizosphere soils corresponding to higher ratios than bulk soil. The rhizosphere microbial activities (urease, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and beta-glucosidase) were also assessed as an indicator of microbial metabolic diversity. Principal component analysis and K-means non-hierarchical cluster mapping grouped soils into three categories, each having different soil enzyme activity or edaphic drivers. Soil type and cultivar influence on average substrate utilization pattern analyzed through community level physiological profiling (CLPP) was higher for rhizosphere soils than bulk soils. The soil nutrient studies revealed that both soil type and cultivar influenced the available N, P, K and organic carbon content of rhizosphere soil. Our study signifies that soil type and cultivar jointly influenced soil microbial community abundance and their metabolic potential in chickpea rhizosphere.
... Por ejemplo, P. fluorescens, se ha aislado del parénquima de algunas solanáceas enfermas como Solanum lycopersicum o Solanum melongena [5]. En conexión con esto, en el año 2000, el Departamento de Protección de Plantas en Riyadh Abha, Arabia Saudita, analizó las plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) con lesiones en los tallos, raíces adventicias y pudrición en el fruto, aislando P. fluorescens (biotipo I) como agente causal [6]. Asimismo, en los años 1999 y 2000 en Corea del Sur se descubrió que P. marginalis en conjunto con Pectobacterium sp. ...
El síndrome de desorden del peridermo comúnmente conocido como pink eye, es una enfermedad que produce un deterioro en la superficie del tubérculo de Solanum tuberosum (papa) generando una pérdida de casi el 100% del almidón. La sintomatología que presenta esta enfermedad es la pudrición acelerada, lesiones de textura acuosa, manchas negras en el tallo y puntos rosados en la superficie del tubérculo, causada por Pseudomonas fluorescens y Pseudomonas marginalis. Si bien P. fluorescens ha sido descrita como un eficiente controlador biológico, en Ecuador no ha sido reportada como agente patógeno en cultivos de papa. Ante las sospechas de síntomas relacionados con pink eye en zonas productoras, se planteó identificar su agente causal en plantas sintomáticas y asintomáticas en tres provincias del Ecuador. Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en las provincias de Pichincha, Carchi y Chimborazo. Las muestras fueron inoculadas en medio B de King y luego de 48 horas de incubación se aislaron y purificaron veinte morfotipos coloniales de interés, los cuales por reconocimiento visual a través de luz UV, pruebas bioquímicas tradicionales, sistema Biolog Inc y la secuenciación del gen 16S rRNA se identificaron siete aislados, dos como P. fluorescens y cinco como P. marginalis. Adicionalmente, se realizaron los postulados de Koch con P. fluorescens y P. marginalis en veinte tubérculos, diez para cada especie y se confirmó la patogenicidad que producen las dos bacterias por separado en S. tuberosum.
... Conventional confirmatory tests of bacterial isolates depending on morphological identification followed by biochemical tests, then antisera identification, are time-consuming take from 3 to 7 days and also laborious (Chojniak et al., 2015). Recently, excessive attentions toward use of BIOLOG as a rapid tool to identify and characterize microbes including bacteria, yeasts, and fungi and to study their metabolic fingerprints (Al-Dhabaan & Bakhali, 2017). BIOLOG GEN III is generally utilized for microbial communities' analysis based on physiological profiles that are able to provide insight into microbial roles in changing ecosystems (Chojniak et al., 2015;El-Liethy et al., 2018). ...
Since knowledge and understanding of waterborne pathogens and their diseases are well illuminated, a few research publications on the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in various household sink drain pipes are often not extensively examined. Therefore, this study aims to (a) assess and monitor the densities of the bacterial community in the different natural biofilm that grow on plastic pipelines, (b) to detect Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria spp. from natural biofilm samples that are collected from the kitchen (n = 30), bathroom (n = 10), laboratories (n = 13), and hospital (n = 8) sink drainage pipes. Three bacterial species selected were assessed using a culture-dependent approach followed by verification of isolates using both BIOLOG GEN III and polymerase chain reaction. The estimated number of each bacterium was 122 isolates, while 60, 20, 26, and 16 isolates were obtained from the natural biofilm samples, kitchen, bathroom, laboratories, and hospital, respectively. As for the tests, in all types of biofilm samples, the overall bacterial counts at low temperature (22 C) were higher than those at high temperature (37 C). Meanwhile, E. coli had the most significant number of bacterial microorganisms compared to the other two pathogens. Additionally, the most massive cell densities of E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria species were discovered in the biofilm collected from the kitchen, then the hospital. Statistically, the results reveal that there is a positive correlation (p ≥ .0001) with significance between the sources of biofilm. This work certainly makes the potential of household sink drain pipes for reservoir contagious pathogens more explicitly noticeable. Such knowledge would also be beneficial for prospective consideration of the threat to human public health and the environment.
... This method was used mainly to investigate microbial communities from bulk and rhizosphere soil and to estimate the impact of stressors on soil microbial communities [15]. The BIOLOG microplates were used for identifying the bacterial population in the contaminated soils around the Explosive Institute of Riyadh community (Saudi Arabia) which shown Proteobacteria to be the dominant phylum in all the five regions with Burkholderiaceae, Chromatiaceae and Pseudomonadaceae common and dominant families representing 49% of the relative abundance at the family level [16]. Compared to earlier microtiter plates, BIOLOG EcoPlate are more in use for Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) as it contains three replicates of 31 different carbon sources and one control well per replicate (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) [15]. ...
Soil is a living entity of the Earth, and considered as one of the main reservoir of microbial diversity. Studying the soil microbial diversity is very much necessary, as they play an important role in maintaining the health of soil by recycling the nutrients , creating soil structure and humus. However, the culture dependent approaches fail to provide clear estimates of the diversity and untapped resources. Hence, study of the microbial diversity using culture independent approaches become necessary. The field of metagenomics helps in studying the genomes of the diverse soil organisms collectively in their natural habitat which holds the promising for accessing novel genetic resources. Application of the metagenomics to the soil environment is very challenging due to several difficulties; one of which is co-extraction of humic acid with nucleic acids which hinder downstream high throughout processes. However, applying sequencing methods to soil microbial communities will help in uncovering the hidden resources like novel genes, biomolecules and other valuable products which are yet to be discovered or still unknown. Different culture independent techniques and applications of the metagenomics to study the abundant microflora of the complex and changing environment of soil discussed herein.
... The suspected colonies were streaked onto the Trypticase Soya Agar (TSA, Sigma-Aldrich, UK) plate and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Overnight, the microplates were incubated at 37 °C [29]. ...
Dark fermentation of food leftovers for hydrogen production has been studied using a two-stage upflow anaerobic biofilter reactor. To determine the optimum temperature for hydrogen production, the two reactors were operated in parallel at two different temperatures: 35 °C and 45 °C as suitable for prevailing ambient temperature in Egypt. The results indicated that hydrogen production at 45 °C was higher than that at 35 °C. To determine the optimum organic loading rate, a comparative study was carried out using two different OLRs: 10- and 20-g COD/L day. The system was run in a consecutive manner. The first bioreactor for H2 production and the second for CH4 production. Under optimal temperature (45 °C), the hydrogen production rates were 51.9 mL/L day and 10 mL/L day for OLRs 20- and 10-g COD/L day, respectively. When a drop in H2 production occurred, in situ aeration for 24 h was carried out to deactivate methanogens. The total energy production was improved by combining H2 and CH4 bioreactors.
