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Sequence alignment of MIR156 collinear regions in maize, sorghum, foxtail millet, rice, and Brachypodium. osaMIR156s were used as the reference sequences to search for orthologous genes in other grass species. The MIR156s are shown in colored boxes according to their annotation names in miRBase, whereas other conserved syntenic genes are in black. The numbers represent the relative positions of regions on the chromosomes (Chrs).
Source publication
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for cleavage or repressing translation of specific mRNAs. The first miRNA identified in plants, miRNA156 (miR156), targets the SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (S...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... miRBase database includes 12 miR156 sequences from rice, 10 from Brachypodium, 9 from sorghum, and 12 from maize (Table 1). These miR156 precursor sequences were used to identify ten in foxtail millet (Table 1 and Fig. S1). The chromosomal distribution of miR156 orthologs is shown in Table ...
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... levels of all SPL promoters were lower in endosperm than in other tissues except for OsSPL2 and the genes with little or no promoter methylation. Furthermore, overall promoter methylation at CG sites was 2-fold higher than (1-3), reproductive (4-6), and gametophytic phase and seed maturation (9-11). Expression data for OsSPLs in 11 tissues/developmental stages were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. ...
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... genes are indicated by asterisks with red bold font, and non-targeted genes with normal font. 1. shoots; 2. leaves-20 d; 3. seedling four-leaf stage; 4. pistil; 5. pre-emergence inflorescence; 6. post-emergence inflorescence; 7. anther; 8. seed-5 DAP; 9. seed-10 DAP; 10. embryo-25 DAP; 11. endosperm-25 DAP. DAP: day after pollination. and osa-MIR156s in four rice tissues (embryo, endosperm, root, and shoot). (a, b) OsSPL11 (a) is an example of an SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) that is highly methylated within its putative promoter region and sparsely methylated within its gene body and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR), whereas OsSPL6 (b) is an example of biased methylation within the gene body and hypomethylation in the promoter and ...
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Plant height is vital for crop yield by influencing plant architecture and resistance to lodging. Although lots of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height had been mapped in foxtail millet, their contributions to phenotypic variation were generally small and mapping regions were relatively large, indicating the difficult application...
Citations
... Conversely, the overexpression of miR156 leads to the manifestation of heightened juvenile characteristics in plants [35]. According to Yue et al. [36], there is a decline in the quantity of miR156 as individuals age, although the expression of its target gene SBP/SPL shows an increase. The miR156-SPL pathway in plants is crucial for regulating plant stage transition and blooming, as well as for its involvement in other biological processes at the transcriptional level or via protein interactions [37]. ...
SPL transcription factors affect plant growth and development, including blooming and photoperiod control. The investigation began with transcriptome data screening of 28 JrSPL genes in walnut (Junglans regia L.) ‘Wen185’. These genes were discovered on all chromosomes except 6 and 15. Phylogenetic study divides the 28 JrSPL genes into five groupings. The biggest cluster, cluster IV, has 12 JrSPL genes. The expression of JrSPL genes in different tissues was investigated by qRT-PCR. JrSPL02 gene expression was greater in walnut female and male flower tissues than other genes. Subcellular localization has shown the JrSPL02 gene resides in the nucleus. Jre-miR156 may target JrSPL02’s 3′-UTR region, according to miRNA sequencing, RACE, and BiFC studies. Arabidopsis plants expressing the JrSPL02 gene flowered 3 days faster than the wild type, according to phenotypic observation. Transgenic lines had more stem branches and siliques than the control group but fewer rosette leaves. In summary, this study functionally analyses the metamorphosis of the miR156-SPL module during the blooming stage and the underlying mechanisms that govern early fruiting in early-fruiting walnuts in Xinjiang.
... SPLs are characterized by a highly conserved SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein (SBP) domain which binds to a specific cis-element glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTAC)-binding domain Kropat et al. 2005). SPLs form a small gene family, with 17 SPL genes in Arabidopsis, 18 in rice and 18 in foxtail millet (Guo et al. 2005;Xie et al. 2006;Yue et al. 2021). SPLs are known to regulate multiple important and divergent biological processes, including leaf development (Wu and Poethig 2006), phase transition (Usami et al. 2009), flower and fruit development (Manning et al. 2006;Wang et al. 2016), plant architecture (Wei et al. 2018), sporogenesis (Unte et al. 2003), GA signaling (Chen et al. 2019), as well as response to abiotic stress (Stief et al. 2014;Wang et al. 2019). ...
miR156s, one of the most conserved miRNA families, are widely involved in multiple growth and development processes in plants. However, the MIR156 gene family has not yet been identified in foxtail millet. In this study, a total of 11 MIR156 genes, named as Sit-MIR156a to Sit-MIR156k, were identified in foxtail millet. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the Sit-MIR156 gene family was presented, including chromosomal locations, phylogenetic relationships, base conservativeness and secondary structures. Eleven Sit-MIR156s were distributed on seven chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Sit-MIR156 family can be roughly divided into two clusters, and MIR156 in foxtail millet were more closely related to those in rice compared to Arabidopsis and tomato. All the precursors of Sit-MIR156 can form into the stable stem-loop secondary structures, and the mature sequences are highly conserved. The expression profile analysis showed that Sit-miR156s were expressed in flowers, leaves and roots with obvious tissue-specific patterns. The target genes of Sit-miR156s are mainly SPL transcription factor genes, as well as the genes encoding Acyl-CoA N-acyltransferase, UDP-Glycosyltransferase, DNA-glycosylase, and so on. The diverse expression patterns of these target genes in various tissues suggested that miR156 may play essential roles in plant growth and development and response to environments in foxtail millet. Our results provide an overview and lay the foundation for future functional characterization of the foxtail millet Sit-MIR156 gene family.
Lilium is an ornamental bulb with a long juvenile stage, making its cultivation under natural conditions lengthy and costly. SQUAMOSA promoter-binding protein-like (SPL) transcription factors are related to plant growth and development, including phase transition. However, their role in phase transition in Lilium is not known. To explore the molecular mechanisms associated with the phase transition in Lilium, bulbs of Lilium Oriental Trumpet 'Robina' were treated with lowered temperature to induce phase transition, and the small RNA and degradome were sequenced. A total of 161 miRNAs were identified as targets. Twenty-nine known miRNAs were differentially expressed, including 16 up-regulated miRNAs and 13 down-regulated miRNAs. Lbr-miR156a was significantly down-regulated, and the target genes of Lbr-miR156a were identified as LbrSPL3 and LbrSPL16.
Phylogenetic analysis showed that LbrSPL3 and LbrSPL16 had high homology with other plant SPLs. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation experiments confirmed that LbrSPL3 and LbrSPL16 were mainly located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activity. The in situ hybridization results showed that the expression of LbrSPL3 and LbrSPL16 was increased following low-temperature treatment. Functional verification experiments of Arabidopsis transgenic plants showed that the overexpression of LbrSPL3 and LbrSPL16 could promote plant phase change, while the overexpression of Lbr-miR156a could inhibit this process. These results help elucidate the mechanism of phase transition regulation in Lilium and provide a reference for breeding research in other bulbous flowers.
