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Septoria lactucae. A-D. Colonies CBS 108943 (15 °C, nUV). A. On OA. B. On MEA. C. Colony margin on OA. D. Colony margin on MEA. E-I. Conidia on OA (CBS 108943). Scale bars = 10 μm.
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Septoria is a large genus of asexual morphs of Ascomycota causing leaf spot diseases of many cultivated and wild plants. Host specificity has long been a decisive criterium in species delimitation in Septoria, mainly because of the paucity of useful morphological characters and the high level of variation therein. This study aimed at i...
Citations
... The newly analysed sequences were assembled with sequences retrieved from previous studies listed in Table 3, mainly conducted by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) and Verkley et al. (2013) using the MEGA X software package (Kumar et al. 2016) . The matrix was aligned using MAFFT v. 7.0 (Katoh & Standley 2013) and edited manually using AliView (Larsson 2014). ...
... Leaf spots amphigenous, irregular, sometimes angular, veinlimited, dark grey, with violet margin, 5-8 mm, enlarged and coalescent (Fig. 1I) Notes: Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) and Verkley et al. (2013) provided the phylogenetic data for three species of Septoria s. lat. ...
... populicola inhabit Populus species. On the other hand, Verkley et al. (2013) and Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) indicated that some species of the genus Sphaerulina had wide host ranges. Sphaerulina amelanchieris, which exhibited a wide host range, clustered in a basal position with one Japanese species, Sph. ...
Sphaerulina species are plant pathogenic fungi causing leaf spot diseases of various hosts, including arboreous and herbaceous plants. The morphological characteristics of their asexual morphs and leaf spot symptoms are like those of Septoria spp. Due to their similar morphology, species of Sphaerulina have largely been subsumed under Septoria s. lat. A recent revision of the genus Septoria based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships resulted in the separation of Sphaerulina from Septoria. This study reveals the diversity of the genus Sphaerulina in Japan, and the species relationships based on a multigene phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, results of our phylogenetic analysis revealed seven novel species (Sph. farfugii, Sph. hydrangeicola, Sph. idesiae, Sph. lapsanastri, Sph. miurae, Sph. styracis, and Sph. viburnicola) which are described, and two species (Sep. duchesnea and Sep. nambuana) which are transferred to the genus Sphaerulina.
... All reference sequences were downloaded from GenBank and listed in Supplementary Table S1 [49][50][51][52][53], as described by Videira et al. [16]. Each sequence was aligned using MEGA 7.0.2. ...
Ramularia sphaeroidea was primarily identified based on the characteristics of its conidia and several sequences. The fungus causes severe leaf spot disease on hairy vetch (Vicia villosa var. glabrescens) in Yunnan Province in China. The growth, sporulation, fungicide efficacy, and host range of the pathogen were evaluated to aid in disease management. Different types of culture media and carbon and nitrogen sources were used to evaluate the growth of R. sphaeroidea. Oatmeal, maltose, and potassium nitrate agar had a higher amount of sporulation. Difenoconazole (10%) was the most effective fungicide against the leaf disease caused by R. sphaeroidea. In addition, foliar inoculation sprays were used to assess the host range of R. sphaeroidea in six different plant species, including alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.), erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). R. sphaeroidea successfully infected these plants, indicating that it has a wider host range than hairy vetches.
... S. amelanchier (En26-1) was originally described from Amelanchier sp. leaf litter in the Netherlands and has also been isolated from leaves of unidentified species of Betula, Castanea, and Quercus [72,136]. Given the infrequent reports, little is known about the ecology of S. amelanchier. ...
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides, and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, which can protect hosts from pathogens, pests, and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
... by Saccardo in 1878. The phylogeny of this genus has been clarified by Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) and Verkley et al. (2013). A total of 205 legitimate ...
... S. amelanchier (En26-1) was originally described from Amelanchier sp. leaf litter in the Netherlands, and has also been isolated from leaves of unidentified species of Betula, Castanea, and Quercus ( [97,98]. Given the infrequent reports, little is known about the ecology of S. amelanchier. ...
Plant diseases and pests reduce crop yields, accounting for global crop losses of 30% to 50%. In conventional agricultural production systems, these losses are typically controlled by applying chemical pesticides. However, public pressure is mounting to curtail agrochemical use. In this context, employing beneficial endophytic microorganisms is an increasingly attractive alternative to the use of conventional chemical pesticides in agriculture. A multitude of fungal endophytes are naturally present in plants, producing enzymes, small peptides and secondary metabolites due to their bioactivity, can protect hosts from pathogens, pests and abiotic stresses. The use of beneficial endophytic microorganisms in agriculture is an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional pesticides. The aim of this study was to characterize fungal endophytes isolated from apparently healthy, feral wine grapes in eastern Canada that have grown without agrochemical inputs for decades. Host plants ranged from unknown seedlings to long-lost cultivars not widely propagated since the 1800s. HPLC-MS was used to identify unique endophyte-derived chemical compounds in the host plants, while dual-culture competition assays showed a range in endophytes’ ability to suppress the mycelial growth of Botrytis, which is typically controlled in viticulture with pesticides. Twelve of the most promising fungal endophytes isolated were identified using multilocus sequencing and morphology, while DNA barcoding was employed to identify some of their host vines. These fungal endophyte isolates, which consisted of both known and putative novel strains, belonged to seven genera in six families and five orders of Ascomycota. Exploring the fungal endophytes in these specimens may yield clues to the vines’ survival and lead to the discovery of novel biocontrol agents.
... Some of them may also use many different plant species as hosts. is phenomenon, referred to as "host jumping", occurs from typical (susceptible) hosts to "non-host" plants through asymptomatic tissue infection and subsequent exploration of new susceptible hosts (Crous et al., 2004;Verkley & Starink-Willemse, 2004;Verkley et al., 2013). For these reasons, a pathogen may not be found on a host plant species even in successive seasons. ...
... B. Czarnecka, cit. in Mułenko, 1993). e discussed species G. cichoracearum is a good example of the so-called "host jumping" phenomenon (Crous et al., 2004;Verkley & Starink-Willemse, 2004;Verkley et al., 2013) when a given pathogen "searches" for new susceptible hosts among the plants of the given community where it occurs. ...
Among the biotic factors that limit plant growth, population size, and reproduction, there is a mass appearance of microscopic parasitic fungi. The aim of the study was to determine the spectrum of the microfungi and the degree of leaf surface infection in the ragwort Senecio umbrosus , i.e., one of the Polish red data book species. In 2014–2016, studies on the diversity and dynamics of microfungi were carried out within its population on White Mt, southeastern Poland, where it grows in xerothermic habitats. During three seasons (6 collection series between May and October), 15 microfungal species were identified in total (1–9 species per one collection date, 9 species in each season). Only Coleosporium tussilaginis was present in all study dates, and it accounted for 30–100% of all records of the microfungi. Three hyperparasites were also identified on C. tussilaginis : Cladosporium uredinicola, Ramularia coleosporii , and Alternaria sp. The other taxa were found five ( Boeremia exigua, Leptosphaeria ogilviensis ), four ( Alternaria sp.), or three times ( Ascochyta compositarum, Periconia cookei ), but the majority of the microfungi were noted twice or only once, depending on meteorological conditions in a given growing season. Among common species of microfungi, we collected Ascochyta compositarum , which is a new species for Poland. Additionally, we found new fungus/host plant combinations for C. tussilaginis .
... A multi-locus approach was used for identity confirmation (Hou et al., 2020). The 5.8 S region of rDNA with flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS), a portion of the 28 S large subunit of rDNA (LSU), part of RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) and of β-tubulin gene (TUB2) were amplified using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990), LR0R/LR5 (Verkley et al., 2013), fRPB2-5F/fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al., 1999), and Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995), respectively. To identify the genetic diversity of the detected isolate in the present study compared to related species available in GenBank (Table 1), a phylogenetic analysis was conducted using a combined data set of all sequenced markers (LSU, ITS, RPB2, TUB2). ...
... Fusarium, Phoma and Septoria, suggesting that because of the littledifferentiated morphology, the clear-cut distinction of this group of fungi is impossible without the support from DNA barcodes and phylogenetic analyses. Researchers and diagnosticians therefore must rely on DNA sequence data to support morphological and ecological conclusions (Verkley et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2015, Crous et al. 2021b. ...
Acremonium is acknowledged as a highly ubiquitous genus including saprobic, parasitic, or endophytic fungi that inhabit a variety of environments. Species of this genus are extensively exploited in industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and biocontrol applications, and proved to be a rich source of novel and bioactive secondary metabolites. Acremonium has been recognised as a taxonomically difficult group of ascomycetes, due to the reduced and high plasticity of morphological characters, wide ecological distribution and substrate range. Recent advances in molecular phylogenies, revealed that Acremonium is highly polyphyletic and members of Acremonium s. lat. belong to at least three distinct orders of Sordariomycetes , of which numerous orders, families and genera with acremonium-like morphs remain undefined. To infer the phylogenetic relationships and establish a natural classification for acremonium-like taxa, systematic analyses were conducted based on a large number of cultures with a global distribution and varied substrates. A total of 633 cultures with acremonium-like morphology, including 261 ex-type cultures from 89 countries and a variety of substrates including soil, plants, fungi, humans, insects, air, and water were examined. An overview phylogenetic tree based on three loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2 ) was generated to delimit the orders and families. Separate trees based on a combined analysis of four loci (ITS, LSU, rpb2 , tef-1α ) were used to delimit species at generic and family levels. Combined with the morphological features, host associations and ecological analyses, acremonium-like species evaluated in the present study are currently assigned to 63 genera, and 14 families in Cephalothecales , Glomerellales and Hypocreales , mainly in the families Bionectriaceae , Plectosphaerellaceae and Sarocladiaceae and five new hypocrealean families, namely Chrysonectriaceae , Neoacremoniaceae , Nothoacremoniaceae , Pseudoniessliaceae and Valsonectriaceae . Among them, 17 new genera and 63 new combinations are proposed, with descriptions of 65 new species. Furthermore, one epitype and one neotype are designated to stabilise the taxonomy and use of older names. Results of this study demonstrated that most species of Acremonium s. lat. grouped in genera of Bionectriaceae , including the type A. alternatum . A phylogenetic backbone tree is provided for Bionectriaceae , in which 183 species are recognised and 39 well-supported genera are resolved, including 10 new genera. Additionally, rpb2 and tef-1α are proposed as potential DNA barcodes for the identification of taxa in Bionectriaceae .
... Also, as for several species within Septoria or associated genera, a reliable identification requires the sequencing of at least two housekeeping genes, e.g. Elongation factor alpha and β-tubulin, in addition to the morphological observations [31]. ...
Septoria leaf spot is one of the most widespread diseases affecting pistachio (Pistacia vera) in countries of the Mediterranean region. Septoria pistaciarum was recently confirmed as the causal agent of this disease in Italy. Currently, the detection of S. pistaciarum relies on isolation techniques. These require significant amounts of labor, and time for completion. Also, a reliable identification requires the sequencing of at least two housekeeping genes, in addition to the morphological observations. To accurately detect the presence and quantify S. pistaciarum in pistachio tissues, a molecular tool was necessary. We designed applicable primers that allow reliable amplification of the β-tubulin gene. The amplification of target DNA was highly efficient, with a 100% success rate, and the assay was able to detect as little as 100 fg/rxn of pure fungal DNA. When tested in artificial mixtures of plant and pathogen DNAs, the assay was able to detect the pathogen consistently at a limit of detection of 1 pg/rxn. The assay was also effective in identifying the pathogen in naturally infected samples, providing rapid detection in all symptomatic specimens. The resulting qPCR assay is an improved detection tool for accurate diagnosis of S. pistaciarum that can also contribute to better understand the population dynamics of the pathogen in the orchard.
... confirmed that Septoria species (except S. protearum) have narrow host ranges, limited to a single genus or a few genera of the same plant family. Septoria krystynae is closely related to three species (from clade 5A in Verkley et al. 2013): S. linicola described from an Argentinean specimen of Linum usitatissimum (conidia cylindrical, subfusoid to slightly curved, hyaline, both ends attenuated, obtuse, guttulate, 20 -30 × 1.5 -3 μm; Spegazzini 1910), S. protearum described from South African specimen of Protea cynaroides (conidia in vitro subcylindrical to narrowly obclavate, straight to curved, (0 -)1-3(-4)-septate, hyaline, guttulate, (6 -)15 -22(-30) × (1.5 -)2 μm; Swart et al. 1998), and S. chamaecysti described from Helianthemum nummularium in Sweden (conidia straight to slightly curved, continuously or sparingly, indistinctly guttulate, hyaline, 20 -40 × 1 μm; Vestergren 1896). Molecular data for S. chamaecysti come from a single German strain isolated from H. hybridum (culture CBS 350.58) . ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina , Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits of Araujia hortorum . Australia , Agaricus pateritonsus on soil, Curvularia fraserae on dying leaf of Bothriochloa insculpta , Curvularia millisiae from yellowing leaf tips of Cyperus aromaticus , Marasmius brunneolorobustus on well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae from necrotic leaf of Heteropogon contortus , Penicillium tealii from the body of a dead spider, Pseudocercospora robertsiorum from leaf spots of Senna tora , Talaromyces atkinsoniae from gills of Marasmius crinis-equi and Zasmidium pearceae from leaf spots of Smilax glyciphylla . Brazil , Preussia bezerrensis from air. Chile , Paraconiothyrium kelleni from the rhizosphere of Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. chiloensis . Finland , Inocybe udicola on soil in mixed forest with Betula pendula , Populus tremula , Picea abies and Alnus incana . France , Myrmecridium normannianum on dead culm of unidentified Poaceae . Germany , Vexillomyces fraxinicola from symptomless stem wood of Fraxinus excelsior . India , Diaporthe limoniae on infected fruit of Limonia acidissima , Didymella naikii on leaves of Cajanus cajan , and Fulvifomes mangroviensis on basal trunk of Aegiceras corniculatum . Indonesia , Penicillium ezekielii from Zea mays kernels. Namibia , Neocamarosporium calicoremae and Neocladosporium calicoremae on stems of Calicorema capitata , and Pleiochaeta adenolobi on symptomatic leaves of Adenolobus pechuelii . Netherlands , Chalara pteridii on stems of Pteridium aquilinum , Neomackenziella juncicola (incl. Neomackenziella gen. nov.) and Sporidesmiella junci from dead culms of Juncus effusus . Pakistan , Inocybe longistipitata on soil in a Quercus forest. Poland , Phytophthora viadrina from rhizosphere soil of Quercus robur , and Septoria krystynae on leaf spots of Viscum album . Portugal (Azores) , Acrogenospora stellata on dead wood or bark. South Africa , Phyllactinia greyiae on leaves of Greyia sutherlandii and Punctelia anae on bark of Vachellia karroo . Spain , Anteaglonium lusitanicum on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica , Hawksworthiomyces riparius from fluvial sediments, Lophiostoma carabassense endophytic in roots of Limbarda crithmoides , and Tuber mohedanoi from calcareus soils. Spain (Canary Islands) , Mycena laurisilvae on stumps and woody debris. Sweden , Elaphomyces geminus from soil under Quercus robur . Thailand , Lactifluus chiangraiensis on soil under Pinus merkusii , Lactifluus nakhonphanomensis and Xerocomus sisongkhramensis on soil under Dipterocarpus trees. Ukraine , Valsonectria robiniae on dead twigs of Robinia hispida . USA , Spiralomyces americanus (incl. Spiralomyces gen. nov.) from office air. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
