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The new Franco-Brazilian website "Saint-Hilaire virtual herbarium" offers dynamic online consultation of all specimens and manuscripts of the naturalist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, providing links between specimen images and associated textual data, including notes available in his field books. This tool aims at facilitating the work of taxonomy and...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... tool allows you to select the collection number by clicking on one of the numbers pre- sented in the table or by selecting the numbers presented in a combo (Fig. 5). If the number is not available in the database, you can choose the TOOLS DEVELOPED Tools to interact with the site have been made available. The collaborative science tool is used for the transcription of collection numbers and Saint-Hilaire field descriptions. To find images of specimens and corresponding pages of field books, ...
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The contribution made by Martinus Houttuyn (1720-1798) to systematic botany has been widely underestimated. Fourteen volumes of the second part of his Natuurlijke Historie of Uitvoerige Beschrijving der Dieren, Planten en Mineraalen, published between 1773 and 1783, dealt with botany. Houttuyn popularized the Linnaean system and published more than...
A total of 17 pteridophyte species belonging to 11 genera and 9 families have been identified from Adampur forest of Moulvibazar district in Bangladesh are dealt with. Updated nomenclature with important synonyms, family name, English name, local name, citation of the specimen examined and a crisp description has been furnished under each species....
Citations
... By checking this entry at A. de Saint-Hilaire virtual herbarium (hvsh.cria.org.br, Pignal et al. 2013), it was possible to see a reference to "Rancho de Jozé Henriquez" in the field book. A MPU specimen identified as V. longifolia presents the same locality information as well as a label with the number 2330. ...
Vismia is a neotropical genus and in Brazil it is currently represented by 30 species. Along with the study of the species that occur in this country, we assessed the nomenclatural questions involved with their names, and a first part of these results are presented. Twelve lectotypes, including one as a second-step, were designated for correct names and synonyms associated with eleven species of Vismia. Furthermore, we provided additions and corrections to the collection data, and nomenclatural comments for each species. Here we also reduce V. parviflora to a synonym of V. micrantha, based on morphological characters.
... Both the protologue and label information from the specimens cite the locality as São Paulo, Brazil. The field notebook number 2 of A. de Saint-Hilaire contains further information: 1820, on the banks of the Tararé (Itararé River; Pignal et al. 2013). ...
The South American genus Praxelis Cass. (Asteraceae, Eupatorieae) includes 18 species and is the second-largest genus of subtribe Praxelinae. It is distributed from Colombia, Venezuela and the Guianas, to central Argentina, southern Brazil and north-western Uruguay. Over the past 40 years, one species, P. clematidea, has invaded several countries around the world. To understand Praxelis and its species, this study provides an updated taxonomy with the re-establishment of P. urticeafolim var. nanum as a synonym of P. ostenii, 16 lectotypifications, clarification of morphology and geographical distribution, brief descriptions, and the first key to all the species in the genus.
... We contacted curators of B, BM, BR, C, E, F, G, HAL, K, KW, L, LE, M, MEL, MO, MPU, NY, OXF, P, RB, S, and W herbaria and consulted their online databases (http:// sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/). The Saint-Hilaire collection in the virtual herbarium was published online by Pignal et al. (2013). We used the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi and Plants (ICN), the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2019), to designate nomenclatural types, according to the relevant articles. ...
We present a review of nomenclatural types for the names given to 19 Luehea species and one variety (L. candicans, L. conwentzii, L. densiflora, L. divaricata, L. eichleri, L. ferruginea, L. grandiflora, L. hoehnei, L. laxiflora, L. macrophylla, L. microphylla, L. ochrophylla, L. paniculata, L. parvifolia, L. platypetala, L. rufescens, L. speciosa, L. uniflora, L. uniflora var. gracilis and L. villosa), including one neotypification, nine lectotypifications and seven second-step lectotypifications.
... The first step was to publish collection data on the web, with the last two decades seeing specimens begin to be photographed and their images made available online (e.g., JSTOR 2020). This was done for specific collections (see Saint-Hilaire herbarium, Pignal et al. 2013), libraries (i.e., Biodiversity Heritage Library) and animal and plant collections. Expectations then turned out to be true: new species were discovered, and novel research was being performed based on the examination of such digitized specimens, despite the discussion of the issue of quality (Smith et al. 2011;Costello et al. 2013;Soltis 2017). ...
The digital era provides new opportunities for taxonomists, as well as for everyone that studies biodiversity. Many herbaria have been able to digitize their collections, a process that started with the typing of label data, moving more recently towards the digitization of each sample with the simultaneous acquisition of high-resolution images. Here we discuss some of the challenges we faced in digitizing samples and provide a series of suggestions to avoid common mistakes for herbaria that have yet to start the process. We used a professional camera, database management software, and a barcode scanner to digitize the collections of herbaria CRI, ECT, FURB, LUSC, and UFRN. Pre-revision of samples with prior restoration when needed, barcode fixation, and a good database allowed faster digitization of samples. Good database software and the formation of a network among small herbaria accelerated digitization and increased the number of images available of Brazilian biodiversity. Thus far, our joint efforts made 118,000 specimen images available online with the purpose of accelerating botanical research.
Keywords:
biodiversity data; biological collection; e-taxonomy; exsiccate; plant collection
... Cabe ressaltar que, entre todos os viajantes estrangeiros que estiveram no Brasil no século XIX, Auguste de Saint-Hilaire é talvez o de maior notoriedade no país. Isso possivelmente está relacionado às mais de 23.000 amostras botânicas que o naturalista coletou durante os seis anos que percorreu diversos estados brasileiros e algumas regiões da Argentina e do Paraguai (PIGNAL et al., 2013). Este destaque se deve também ao comprometimento e à obstinação do naturalista francês em observar e descrever tudo o que podia, não se limitando à Botânica, que era sua especialidade. ...
... Todo esse material foi criteriosamente catalogado e numerado por ele nos seus cadernos de coletas de campo. Posteriormente essas amostras foram distribuídas em diferentes herbários 35 do mundo(PIGNAL et al., 2013). Muitos desses materiais foram utilizados na descrição de novas espécies 36 , como relatado por Saint-Hilaire: ...
O livro consta de quatro partes. Na Parte I abordamos um pouco
da vida de Saint-Hilaire na França: sua origem, vocação e a
carreira como botânico antes de sua vinda ao Brasil, em 1816.
No segundo capítulo apresentamos a concepção do "Caminho
Saint Hilaire", uma trilha de longo curso que serpenteia a Reserva da Biosfera na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. Na Parte II, buscamos reverberar
a importância paisagística e sua biodiversidade quando
da passagem de Saint-Hilaire pela Serra do Espinhaço Meridional. A Parte III busca descrever, a partir das obras do naturalista, a riqueza das construções pelo caminho. E a Parte IV é composta por
capítulos que remetem à concepção do projeto "Caminho
Saint Hilaire", uma inspiradora trilha de longo curso entre
Diamantina, Serro e Conceição do Mato Dentro.
Esperamos que você, leitor, viaje conosco na companhia de
Saint-Hilaire!
... Decolonizing biodiversity collections is the process of making broadly and openly available the biodiversity resources housed in the developed world that derive from the developing world. Existing initiatives include the Brazilian Virtual Herbarium (Pignal, Romaniuc-Neto, De Souza, Chagnoux, & Canhos, 2012), many activities of the Comisi on Nacional para el Uso y Conocimiento de la Biodiversidad in Mexico (CONABIO, 2012), and the West African Plants project (Asase, Sainge, Radji, Ugbogu, & Peterson, 2020), among others. On a more proximate level, when working in the developing world, developed-world scientists should share the data that result from their work openly and efficiently with scientists in the host countries as the data are collected, and in the form of primary, research-grade data. ...
Biodiversity remains relatively unknown and understudied in many parts of the developing world with significant information gaps, in stark contrast to many areas in the developed world, where knowledge about biodiversity can approach encyclopedic. Access to resources, such as funding, data, information, expertise, and biological collections (often collected by colonial‐era scientists from across the developing world), is often quite limited for developing‐world scientists. The life of a biodiversity scientist in the developing world is therefore one of manifold dilemmas and challenges, as well as numerous opportunities. Although collaborations exist between developing‐world scientists and developed‐world scientists, too many of those collaborations are not deep or permanent, and developing‐world scientists are too often relegated to a subordinate role. The focus in this contribution is on providing suggestions for how to open and build access to resources for developing‐world scientists. Everyone benefits if developing‐world and developed‐world scientists work together collaboratively to pose interesting and novel questions, generate new data, update existing data, carry out analyses, and arrive at interesting insights and interpretations. In this way, the biodiversity science community can replace “parachute” science with “global science.”
... Desse modo, as características vegetativas apresentadas pelos espécimes (infelizmente não há mais flores no material), assim como a descrição na exsicata e no caderno de campo, não deixa dúvidas quanto à sua identidade (Fig. 5). São exemplares de Pseudolaelia vellozicola, coletados no estado de Minas Gerais, cerca de 100 anos antes daqueles oriundos do Espírito Santo, cultivados por Hoehne e que serviu de base para a Como destacado por Pignal et al. (2013), a consulta ao acervo coligido por Saint-Hilaire sempre foi dificultada por vários motivos, como o fato de estar espalhado em grandes herbários europeus, ter pouca (ou nenhuma) informação nas etiquetas e seus cadernos de campo, embora muita vezes bem detalhados, serem manuscritos em francês arcaico, tornando ainda mais difícil a tarefa para os não-francófonos. A despeito disso, seu material é de extrema importância tanto científica (pelo fato da existência de inúmeros tipos nomenclaturais coletados por ele ou mesmo registro de plantas que podem estar extintas localmente nos dias atuais) quanto histórica, como podemos corroborar com esse relato sobre a espécie de Pseudolaelia que foi por ele coletada. ...
... Essas ações afetam diretamente tais iniciativas, representando não apenas um retrocesso, mas também um futuro sombrio para o estudo da biodiversidade e ações de conservação, colocando em risco não apenas a diversidade do ponto de vista nacional, mas global, dado que o Brasil é o país mais biodiverso do planeta (Fernandes et al. 2017;Magnusson et al. 2018). Certamente Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, um apaixonado pela botânica e pela natureza, que foi extremamente relevante para o conhecimento de parte considerável da biodiversidade brasileira, cuja obra foi responsável por incentivar a vinda de vários naturalistas europeus (os quais, em última análise, investiram e treinaram naturalistas brasileiros), e já no início do século XIX, relatou o começo da destruição da Floresta Atlântica (Pignal et al. 2013), ficaria bastante decepcionado e desesperançoso com o panorama atual, o rumo que estamos tomando e o que pode acontecer se uma drástica mudança não ocorrer. ...
... No entanto, a história de Pseudolaelia poderia ter sido bem diferente. Poucos anos após a chegada da família real portuguesa ao Brasil, em 1808, e o famoso "Decreto de Abertura dos Portos às Nações Amigas" pelo então príncipe regente D. João VI (que permitiu a chegada ao território brasileiro e as viagens de diversos naturalistas pelo interior do país) desembarcou no Rio de Janeiro o botânico francês Auguste de Saint-Hilaire (Dean 1991;Pignal et al. 2013).Fig. 1 -Habitats de Pseudolaelia. a-b: espécies rupícolas, a. Pseudolaelia citrina; b. ...
Abstract: Pseudolaelia was established in 1930's, with description of P. corcovadensis and transference of Schomburgkia vellozicola, respectively, based in specimens collected in the states of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo. However, the first record of a specimen of this genus was performed more than a century before, by the French botanist Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, in surroundings of the Jequitinhonha River, in Minas Gerais. Following the presentation of this curious history, we discuss the relevance of the digitization of the botanical collections and the continuous need of investiment in such initiatives, which provide subsides to the knowledge of biodiversity and are applied in conservation of the species.
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Resumo: Pseudolaelia foi estabelecido na década de 1930, com a descrição de P. corcovadensis e transferência de Schomburgkia vellozicola, respectivamente, baseado em espécimes coletados nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo. No entanto, o primeiro registro de um exemplar desse gênero foi realizado mais de cem anos antes, pelo botânico francês Auguste de Saint-Hilaire, nos arredores do Rio Jequitinhonha, em Minas Gerais. Seguindo a apresentação dessa curiosa história, discutimos a relevância da digitalização das coleções botânicas e a necessidade contínua de investimentos em iniciativas desse tipo, que proveem subsídios ao conhecimento da biodiversidade e aplicação na conservação das espécies.
... Specimens with Cambessèdes' handwriting on the labels were found in MPU and P, further justifying this lectotypification. Saint-Hilaire's collection number was checked according to Pignal et al. (2013). ...
Myrcia sect. Reticulosae comprises ca. 15 Brazilian endemic species distributed mainly in Atlantic Forest, Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Campo Rupestre (rocky outcrop vegetation). These species appeared as a cohesive group for the first time in recent phylogenetic hypotheses and their taxonomic revision is currently underway. In this context, this study aims to properly link the names to their respective type materials, presenting necessary lectotypifications and neotypifications, along with nomenclatural notes for nine species. Additionally, two new synonyms are proposed.
... To a more limited extent, other regions and taxonomic specialist communities have experimented with need-based biodiversity information capture. For example, for Brazil's Reflora Project, the Paris and Kew herbaria provided large numbers of images of Brazilian herbarium specimens to the Brazilian team, which captured the associated data and provided high-quality data in return, thereby creating exciting new, largescale information resources (Pignal et al., 2012;Sousa-Baena et al., 2013). These antecedent efforts proved the concept to which we have adhered in the WAP Initiative: biodiversity data can be captured and improved efficiently and effectively when those who lead the initiative are precisely those who dream of having such data resources available. ...
Premise
The field of biodiversity informatics has developed rapidly in recent years, with broad availability of large‐scale information resources. However, online biodiversity information is biased spatially as a result of slow and uneven capture and digitization of existing data resources. The West African Plants Initiative approach to data capture is a prototype of a novel solution to the problems of the traditional model, in which the institutional “owner” of the specimens is responsible for digital capture of associated data.
Methods
We developed customized workflows for data capture in formats directly and permanently useful to the “owner” herbarium, and digitized significant numbers of new biodiversity records, adding to the information available for the plants of the region.
Results
In all, 190,953 records of species in 1965 genera and 331 families were captured by mid‐2018. These data records covered 16 West African countries, with most of the records (10,000–99,999) from Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria, and Cameroon, and the fewest data records from Mauritania (<100 records). The West African Plants Initiative has increased available digital accessible knowledge records for West African plants by about 54%. Several of the project institutions have put initial project data online as part of their Global Biodiversity Information Facility data contributions. The average cost of data capture ranged from US$0.50−1.00 per herbarium sheet.
Discussion
Data capture has been cost‐effective because it is much less expensive than de novo field collections, allows for development of information resources even for regions in which political situations make contemporary field sampling impossible, and provides a historical baseline against which to compare newer data as they become available. This new paradigm in specimen digitization has considerable promise to accelerate and improve the process of generating high‐quality biodiversity information, and can be replicated and applied in many biodiversity‐rich, information‐poor regions to remedy the present massive gaps in information availability.
... Concerning specifically Friedrich Sellow's collections housed in B that are types of Berg's species we follow the rationale of Santos et al. (2016b). Saint-Hilaire's collection numbers and type localities are cited according to Pignal et al. (2013). ...
... puberula. A label on the type collection indicates Rio de Janeiro state as the place of collection, confirmed by Saint Hilaire's numeration (Pignal et al. 2013). The field notebook has the information "Montagnes qui dominent l'aqueduc", but it was not possible to locate this place within Rio de Janeiro state. ...
Myrcia contains nearly 800 species and is divided into nine sections based on a combination of characters. Myrcia sect. Eugeniopsis encompasses 18 species nearly endemic to the Atlantic Forest. This study presents taxonomic updates in Myrcia sect. Eugeniopsis. Collections of 22 herbaria were analysed and at least one type collection of each name was checked. Lectotypes are provided for the 13 following basionyms: Aulomyrcia oblongata, Calyptromyrcia eugenioides var. puberula, Eugenia laevigata, Eugenia sylvatica, Eugeniopsis clausseniana, Eugeniopsis clausseniana var. rufa, Eugeniopsis gaudichaudiana, Eugeniopsis luschnathiana, Eugeniopsis ovata, Eugeniopsis polygama, Marlierea subacuminata, Myrcia eugenioides and Myrcia tenuivenosa. Nine synonymisations are proposed: Aulomyrcia lineata under Myrcia eugenioides; Calyptromyrcia eugenioides var. puberula, Eugeniopsis clausseniana, Eugeniopsis clausseniana var. glabrata, Eugeniopsis clausseniana var. rufa, Eugeniopsis gardneriana and Eugeniopsis ovata under Myrcia multipunctata; Eugeniopsis acuminatissima under Myrcia tenuivenosa; Marlierea krapovickae under Myrcia subacuminata. Five new combinations are presented: Myrcia gaudichaudiana (based on Eugeniopsis gaudichaudiana), Myrcia polygama (based on Eugeniopsis polygama), Myrcia schottii (based on Marlierea schottii), Myrcia subacuminata (based on Marlierea subacuminata) and Myrcia teuscheriana (based on Eugeniopsis teuscheriana). Two new names are proposed: Myrcia maculata (for Eugeniopsis luschnathiana) and Myrcia ochraciflora (for Eugeniopsis grandifolia). The holotypes of six names from the nineteenth century are clarified. A neotype is selected for Aulomyrcia lineata and Calyptromyrcia eugenioides var. glabra.
