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![Selected models of electric trucks and buses [21,22,23,24]](profile/Damian-Burzynski/publication/334858204/figure/tbl2/AS:822536195538947@1573119319882/Selected-models-of-electric-trucks-and-buses-21-22-23-24.png)
![Fig. 1. Development of lithium-ion cell technologies [19]](profile/Damian-Burzynski/publication/334858204/figure/fig1/AS:822536195567618@1573119319675/Development-of-lithium-ion-cell-technologies-19_Q320.jpg)
![Planned solutions for lithium-ion cells [19]](profile/Damian-Burzynski/publication/334858204/figure/tbl1/AS:822536195563523@1573119319853/Planned-solutions-for-lithium-ion-cells-19_Q320.jpg)
![Selected models of electric trucks and buses [21,22,23,24]](profile/Damian-Burzynski/publication/334858204/figure/tbl2/AS:822536195538947@1573119319882/Selected-models-of-electric-trucks-and-buses-21-22-23-24_Q320.jpg)
Context in source publication
Context 1
... addition, car manufacturers are working on new electric trucks and buses that could revolutionise the automotive market. Selected models of electric trucks and buses are shown in Table 2. Among the above mentioned solutions, the system of charging vehicles, especially heavy-duty trucks, with the use of electric traction, deserves a significant attention. ...Similar publications
To improve the operating performance of electric propulsion ships, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is commonly used as the propulsion motor. Additionally, position estimation without sensors can further improve the application range of the propulsion motor and the estimated results can represent the redundancy of measured values from mechani...
![BNTR thruster [12].](publication/345228859/figure/fig1/AS:1083894241722384@1635431933578/BNTR-thruster-12_Q320.jpg)
![TALOS Arcjet thruster in the University of Stuttgart (NH3) [16].](publication/345228859/figure/fig2/AS:1083894241730577@1635431933627/TALOS-Arcjet-thruster-in-the-University-of-Stuttgart-NH3-16_Q320.jpg)
![Xenon ion propulsion “Shijian 9” satellite [19].](publication/345228859/figure/fig5/AS:1083894241722404@1635431933798/Xenon-ion-propulsion-Shijian-9-satellite-19_Q320.jpg)
To develop the satellites for a low-Earth-orbit environment, atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) systems have become more attractive to researchers in the past decade. The system can use atmospheric molecules as the propellant to provide thrust compensation, which can extend the lifetime of spacecraft (S/C). This comprehensive review re...
![Fig. 6 Schematic of the ABIE air intake (left), extracted from [54],...](publication/366342120/figure/fig3/AS:11431281115154515@1674774350848/Schematic-of-the-ABIE-air-intake-left-extracted-from-54-and-rendering-of-the-ABIE_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 7 Schematic of the RAM-EP air intake (left), extracted from [78]...](publication/366342120/figure/fig4/AS:11431281115126738@1674774350898/Schematic-of-the-RAM-EP-air-intake-left-extracted-from-78-Credits-3AF-Space_Q320.jpg)
Air-breathing electric propulsion (ABEP) allows for lowering the altitude of spacecraft operations below 250 km, in the so-called Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEOs). Operations in VLEOs will give radical advantages in terms of orbit accessibility, payload performance, protection from radiations, and end-of-life disposal. ABEP combines an intake to colle...
The H2020 MINOTOR project focused on the study and the optimization of the ECRA thruster, an electric propulsion system for satellites. First, a 30 W prototype of this Electron Cyclotron Resonance Thruster (ECRT) is optimized. Then, a 200 W prototype is design based on these findings. The performances of both prototypes were assessed at two differe...
For over a decade Rafael has been developing and qualifying Hall thruster based electric propulsion components and full systems, specially designed for the SmallSat category. The focus on the activities conducted at Rafael are the development of low power Hall thruster technologies covering a discharge power range from 100 W up to 900 W. In this pa...
Citations
... The emissions are generated during the process of converting chemical energy stored in the fuel into mechanical work. During the combustion process the emissions profile exhibits its maximum when operating the ICE at low and high loads [28]. The specific fuel consumption (sfc) requirements reach its lower value within the range of 75% to 85% of the engine Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR). ...
This work proposes a hybrid drive controlled configuration, using a minimum emissions search algorithm, which ensures the operation of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in its fuel efficiency range, minimizing CO2 emissions by controlling the power flow direction of the Electric Machine (EM). This action is achieved by means of Power Converters, in this case a bi-directional DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter in the DC-side and a DC-AC T-type Converter as the inverting stage. Power flow is controlled by means of a bi-directional Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme, based on an emissions optimization algorithm. A novel drivetrain configuration is presented where both, the ICE and the EM are in tandem arrangement. The EM is driven depending on the traction requirements and the emissions of the ICE. The EM is capable of operates in motor and generator mode ensuring the Minimum Emission Operating Point (MEOP) of the ICE regardless of the mechanical demand at the drivetrain. Simulation and validation results using a Hardware in the Loop (HIL) virtual prototype under different operation conditions are presented in order to validate the proposed overall optimization strategy.
... Încălzirea globală este unul din rezultatele gazelor cu "efect de seră" (dioxid de carbon, metan ş.a.) din atmosferă [1]. Aceste gaze rețin radiația infraroșie reflectată de pământ, păstrează energia în atmosferă, crescând temperatura [2]. ...
Through this paper, we want to improve the methods of dynamic design of electric vehicles, by creating simulation models in Simulink. The models are represented by simulation schemes that consist of blocks of mathematical operators, interconnected based on mathematical calculation formulas. The initial input sizes, specified in Table 1, can be easily modified, giving the possibility to obtain several models for different design ideas. The results of the simulations are materialized in graphical diagrams and provide virtual time data on vehicle speed, acceleration, engine torque, wheel power, energy consumed, and distance traveled. In the first simulation scheme, the input variable shows a motor torque generator with values between 0-132 Nm. In the second simulation scheme, the input variable is speed, according to the ECE-15 urban cycle scenario.
... Rezistența la rulare (Fr) este o forță cu acțiune permanentă la rularea roților pe un drum [4]. Cauzele fizice ale acestei rezistențe la înaintare sunt: deformarea cu histerezis a pneului, frecări superficiale între pneu și cale, frecările din lagărele roții, deformarea căii de rulare, percuția dintre elementele pneului și micro neregularitățile căii, efectul de ventuză produs de pofilele cu contur închis pe banda de rulare etc. [5] Față de cauzele determinate, rezistența la rulare depinde de un număr mare de factori de influență, printre care cei mai semnificativi sunt: construcția pneului, viteza de deplasare, presiunea aerului din pneu, forțele și momentele ce acționează asupra roții [6]. În calculele de proiectare dinamică a autovehiculelor, rezistența la rulare este luată în considerare prin coeficientul rezistenței la rulare f, care reprezintă o forță specifică la rulare. ...
This paper aims to present to readers concrete mathematical models, transposed into simulation schemes, to calculate the forces acting on a car at its interaction with the road and the atmosphere, to properly size the electric motor and batteries of an electric car. For the calculation of these forces, a table with predefined values such as vehicle mass, rolling resistance coefficient, gear ratio, wheel radius, was used throughout the work. In the second section of the paper, the values of the resistance forces that oppose the movement of the vehicle and the traction force necessary to overcome these resistive forces were determined. The mathematical calculation model was compiled in Matlab and the graphs in figures 3-9 were obtained.
As global awareness of environmental degradation heightens, the transportation sector remains a major contributor to carbon emissions, necessitating greener solutions. This study investigates the efficacy of hybrid vehicles in reducing carbon emissions when compared to their traditional gasoline counterparts. Employing a comparative analysis of selected hybrid models against traditional vehicles in similar categories, emission data were sourced through standardized tests across varied driving conditions. Our findings indicate that hybrid cars, on average, emit 25-30% less carbon dioxide. Such reductions, if scaled up with broader hybrid adoption, can have significant implications for urban air quality and global carbon reduction targets. This research underscores the urgent need for policy shifts favoring greener transportation options and provides a platform for future studies on complete electric vehicle integrations.
An electric vehicle (EV) is an adaptation of a conventional vehicle with the integration of electrical motors. It is one of the most promising technologies that can significantly improve vehicle performance and polluting emissions. The drive association's many EV configurations and possibilities can be envisaged according to EV performances, weight, and cost. This paper presents the experimental validation of an electric differential speed action resulting from the proposed structure of an electric vehicle using dual-induction motors vector controlled, placed at the rear wheels operating at a different speed. This controls the vehicle speed of the left and right wheels during steering maneuvers. For this purpose, to perform this experimental validation and prove the main functionalities of the proposed structure, a test bench was implemented containing an actual laboratory motor placed in the left rear wheel and a motor simulation model for the right one. The outcomes show that the experimental results confirm the validity and usefulness of the proposed propulsion structure.
