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Selaginella altheae Valdespino. A Habit, upper surface of stem B Close up of section of the upper surface of the stem C Habit, lower surface of stem D Close up of section of the lower surface of the stem. A–D digitized images of holotype, Maguire et al. 60249 (NY).
Source publication
Two new Selaginella species (i.e. S. altheae Valdespino and S. squamulosa Valdespino) and a novel combination [i.e. S. philipsonii (Jermy & Rankin) Valdespino] from South America are proposed. Descriptions, illustrations (line drawings and scanning electron micrographs, SEM, images), discussion on taxonomic affinities and information on habitat, di...
Citations
... Los nombres comunes son los reportados en las notas de campo de las colecciones revisadas. Para la confirmación de cada registro se examinaron los protólogos y los especímenes tipo y se utilizaron claves taxonómicas disponibles y literatura especializada (Alston et al., 1981;Lellinger, 1989;Tryon & Stolze, 1994;Fraile et al., 1995;Mickel et al., 2004;Valdespino, 2015Valdespino, , 2017Valdespino, , 2020Smith & Kessler, 2018;Valdespino et al., 2022). ...
Resumen
Se presenta una actualización a la flora de Antioquia, Colombia para Selaginella. Se reconocen 46 especies, 12 de las cuales son nuevos registros para el departamento, incluyendo dos especies recientemente descritas ( S. gioiae y S. rachipterygia ), una especie no descrita y un nuevo registro para el país ( S. meridensis ). Cinco especies previamente reportadas para Antioquia se excluyen. Se presenta una clave dicotómica y notas sobre la distribución para las 46 especies reconocidas.
... According to the counts and similarity of luminae and measurements of the muri the exine will be tectate perforate, foveolate, microreticulate or retuculate (Fig.14 & 15). The muri, in some taxa, elevated making ridges as in Selaginella and Lilium sp. (Fig. 14) or carrying granules or echinulate microstructures (Valdespino, 2017). From the use of pollen exine characters in taxonomical studies is that of Song et al. (2017) in studying 38 taxa belonging to nine genera from tribe Spiraeeae (Rosaceae). ...
... In the treatment of Selaginella P. Beauv. (Selaginellaceae) from South America, Alston et al. (1981) recognized 133 species and six subspecies or varieties; however, some of the taxa are now known to represent previously described species, and a subspecies has been raised to species level (Smith, 1995;Valdespino et al., 2015;Valdespino, 2017a). Furthermore, since Alston et al. (1981), additional Selaginella species have been described from South America (e.g., Smith, 1990;Kessler et al., 2006;Valdespino, 2015aValdespino, , 2015bValdespino, , 2016Valdespino, , 2017aValdespino, , 2017bValdespino, , 2017cValdespino, , 2020Valdespino et al., 2015Valdespino et al., , 2018aValdespino et al., , 2018bValdespino & López, 2019). ...
... (Selaginellaceae) from South America, Alston et al. (1981) recognized 133 species and six subspecies or varieties; however, some of the taxa are now known to represent previously described species, and a subspecies has been raised to species level (Smith, 1995;Valdespino et al., 2015;Valdespino, 2017a). Furthermore, since Alston et al. (1981), additional Selaginella species have been described from South America (e.g., Smith, 1990;Kessler et al., 2006;Valdespino, 2015aValdespino, , 2015bValdespino, , 2016Valdespino, , 2017aValdespino, , 2017bValdespino, , 2017cValdespino, , 2020Valdespino et al., 2015Valdespino et al., , 2018aValdespino et al., , 2018bValdespino & López, 2019). Nevertheless, Colombian and Ecuadorean Selaginella species are still in need of a comprehensive taxonomic revision to better establish their species richness and conservation status, as well as their relationships to other South American and Neotropical species. ...
We describe and illustrate Selaginella rachipterygia Valdespino, Cornejo & C. López as a new species found on the inter-Andean eastern slopes of the Central Cordillera of Colombia and on the slopes
on both sides of the Andes of Ecuador and compare it to S. flagellata Spring. Selaginella rachipterygia is notable for its often flagelliform branch, stem, and strobilus tips, which are often gemmiferous, and by its lateral leaves perpendicular to the main stems below the first branches, which give the stems the appearance of having wings. In addition, we document the expanded distribution range of S. simplex Baker to include Panama and Ecuador. Finally, we contrast S. simplex with the similarly small-sized species S. correae Valdespino
and S. minima Spring, which overlap either in part of or throughout their distribution ranges.
... (Selaginellaceae) is the largest lycophyte genus with some 600-800 spp. and it has a nearly Worldwide distribution encompassing all continents except Antarctica (Jermy 1990, Valdespino 1993, Arrigo 2013, Valdespino 2015, PPG I 2016, Valdespino 2016, 2017. It is adapted to live in diverse ecosystems and comprises species with terrestrial, epipetric, hemiepipythic and epiphytic habits with creeping, ascending, climbing and erect stems (Jermy 1990, Valdespino 1993, which may have sobols and stolons at their bases and, occasionally flagelliform aerial axes. ...
... This species assembly is typically characterized by its erect, frondose stems, leaves seemingly monomorphic below first basal branches, which thereafter become typically heteromorphic, and axillary, ventral, dorsal and occasionally lateral rhizophores restricted to the basal portion of main stems. Likewise, this group possess megaspores often with an equatorial flange, which are reticulate to rugulate on proximal faces and strongly reticulate on distal faces with the microstructure of both faces variously echinate, while the microspores are baculate, clavate or capitate on distal faces with echinate microstructure (Valdespino 2017(Valdespino , 2020. The Selaginella flabellata group occurs throughout the Neotropics (i.e. the southern part of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and tropical South America) with the largest diversity concentrated in northwestern South America (i.e. ...
The Selaginella flabellata species group occurs throughout the Neotropics and is particularly species-rich in South America, especially in the northwestern part of the continent (i.e. Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). In that region, S. praestans and S. quadrifaria are not well understood taxonomically due to similar habit and median leaves, as well as overlapping distribution ranges. As a result, they are frequently confused. Furthermore, S. quadrifaria, as currently conceived, is an extremely variable species. Nonetheless, our extensive study of 148 duplicates corresponding to 73 gatherings of S. praestans and S. quadrifaria, as currently conceived, allowed us to clearly separate them. In addition, based on our analyses, we segregated S. quadrifaria into two morphologically distinct taxa, including S. ophioderma, which is described here as a new species. Selaginella ophioderma is characterized by its leaves spreading along main stems and broadly ovate-oblong to rotund or orbicular median leaves with broadly acute or obtuse to rounded apices. Moreover, its median leaf lower surfaces are covered by stomata at both sides of the midribs of the leaf laminae. Thus, we conclude that although S. ophioderma, S. praestans and S. quadrifaria have overlapping distribution ranges in the eastern slopes of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, they represent morphologically distinct taxa.
... Selaginella, a highly diverse and species rich lycophyte genus (600-800 spp), is found in a wide variety of ecosystems almost worldwide (Valdespino 2015;Zhou and Zhang 2015;PPG I 2016;Valdespino 2016;Valdespino 2017a). Selaginella species can be classified using several subgeneric classification systems as discussed in Valdespino and López (2019). ...
... Selaginella gioiae, S. surucucusensis, and S. xanthoneura are morphologically related to the Neotropical "Selaginella flabellata (L.) Spring group" as defined by Hieronymus (1901: 682) and Valdespino (2017a). This group comprises some thirty-five species characterized by their fern-like habit, erect stems with leaves seemingly monomorphic before branches, as well as axillary, ventral, dorsal, and occasionally, seemingly lateral rhizophores. ...
... This group is additionally defined by white to off-white megaspores with distal faces usually reticulate or rugulate-reticulate, with each reticulum open or closed, and with echinate and perforate microstructures. It also possesses orange to pale or-ange microspores with distal faces capitate to baculate, and with echinate to perforate microstructures (Valdespino 2017a). The dorsal position of rhizophores and overall echinate microspore microstructure are not unique characters to this group (Valdespino 2017a). ...
Five Selaginella species (i.e, S. gioiae, S. papillosa, S. pubimarginata, S. rostrata, and S. xanthoneura) from Neotropical rainforests of South America are described and illustrated as new, while S. surucucusensis, originally recorded only from Brazil, is redefined to account for species' morphological characters throughout its expanded distribution range and also a novel illustration is provided for it. Inferred taxonomic affinities and conservation assessment are offered for species here treated. Selaginella gioiae is native to Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, and S. xanthoneura is so far only known in Colombia, whereas S. surucucusensis is now known to occur in Colombia and Venezuela in the north-central part of South America. These three species are included in the "Selaginella flabellata group" based on their habit, stem shape, rhizophores position, and mega- and microspores color, and ornamentation. Selaginella papillosa, S. pubimarginata, and S. rostrata are native to Venezuela. Selaginella papillosa and S. pubimarginata morphologically belong in the "Selaginella deltoides group" based on their habit, stem type, shape of lateral leaves and their indument type distributed on upper surface of the leaf lamina. On the other hand, S. rostrata is considered to be a member of the "Selaginella microdonta group," which is centered in the Guiana Highlands, based on its habit, stem type, and leaf size and shape, and for which a key to identify species is provided. Finally, all species threated here are classified in subg. Stachygynandrum based on their heteromorphic leaves, mostly quadrangular strobili, and monomorphic sporophylls shape (except for S. rostrata that has slightly dorsiventral and flattened strobili with somewhat heteromorphic sporophylls).
... Descriptions of the new species follow the pattern and methods utilized by Valdespino (2017) and Valdespino & al. (2014Valdespino & al. ( , 2018, complemented by terminology found in general botanical glossaries (e.g. Beentje 2016) and those specialized for pollen and spores (e.g. ...
Two new species of Selaginella (i.eSayitiensis and Sbrigitteana) from Hispaniola Island are describedIllustrations are provided for both new species and their affinities are discussed. Selaginella ayitiensis was collected in the Massif de la Hotte, Haiti, and is characterized by its long-creeping stems, corrugate to bumpy leaf upper surfaces, broadly acute to obtuse or apiculate median leaf apices, and white megasporesIt is morphologically related to the "Selaginella flexuosa group". Selaginella ayitiensis differs chiefly from Sdenudata and Skrugii (the only two other members of the "Selaginella flexuosa group" in the Greater and Lesser Antilles) by the shape of the median and lateral leaves apices. Selaginella brigitteana is known from different localities in the Dominican Republic and Haiti; it can be distinguished by its long-creeping, 2-4-branched stems, coriaceous leaves with the upper surfaces glossy, the median leaves with broadly hyaline, long-ciliate margins, and short-acuminate apices tipped by 2 or 3 cilia, and light yellow to cream megaspores. Selaginella brigitteana differs from Sleonardii, with which it has been confused in the past, by its broadly ovate median leaves with rounded, non-auriculate, and glabrous outer bases, submarginal and marginal stomata along proximal 1/2 of outer halves of the laminae, and with the upper surfaces glossy, comprising rounded and rectangular to elongate cells, many of which are papillate.
... It is well represented in Brazil, where 96 species have been recognized until now, including six introduced ones (Góes-Neto et al. unpubl. data (Valdespino 2015a(Valdespino , 2015b(Valdespino , 2015cValdespino et al. 2015;Góes-Neto et al. 2015a;Valdespino 2017aValdespino , 2017bGóes-Neto et al. 2017;Valdespino et al. 2018). Herein we describe one more, S. kriegeriana, which reinforces the need to further study the Brazilian species. ...
We describe and illustrate Selaginella kriegeriana, a narrow endemic species from Caparaó National Park, Brazil, and discuss its affinities. Scanning electron micrograph images of spores and leaves supplement our discussion. In addition, we present a synopsis of the Selaginella species from Caparaó National Park, with an identification key and geographical distributions.
... This species group is commonly referred to as the "articulate" or "Articulatae" and includes about 50 species mostly from the New World tropics, with only two taxa found in the Old World; typically, species are found in exposed habitats. In the Americas, Venezuela with ca. 100 spp is the most species-rich country for Selaginella (Valdespino 2015(Valdespino , 2017a(Valdespino , 2017b, followed by Brazil with 85 previously recognized species. Based on very recent studies, the number of Brazilian Selaginella species is thought to be about 89-96 spp. ...
... Raw SEM images were later post-processed and assembled in a multipart figure using Adobe Photoshop as explained in Valdespino (2016). Terminology, measurements, and conservation status provided in the taxon description follows Valdespino (2017a;Valdespino et al. 2018; and references therein). ...
We describe a new articulate Selaginella species (i.e. S. germinans) from the Chapada dos Veadeiros region in the State of Goiás, Brazil. This species is characterized by articulate stems, dorsal rhizophores, flagelliform stems and branch apices that form flattened buds or gemmae at their tips, as well as a single basal megasporangium on each strobilus, which is subtended by a megasporophyll and few other infertile sporophylls. We also discuss the taxonomic affinity, habitat, distribution, and conservation status of this new species, which is illustrated with digitized micrograph images of stem sections, leaves, and megaspores taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). We propose that the formation of buds or gemmae in this new species is probably an adaptive vegetative reproductive mechanism to adverse natural or man-induced environmental conditions (e.g. fires and drought periods) in its habitat.
http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77186979-1
Selaginella is the largest and most taxonomically complex genus in lycophytes. The fact that over 750 species are currently treated in a single genus makes Selaginellales/Selaginellaceae unique in pteridophytes. Here we assembled a dataset of six existing and newly sampled plastid and nuclear loci with a total of 684 accessions (74% increase of the earlier largest sampling) representing ca. 300 species to infer a new phylogeny. The evolution of 10 morphological characters is studied in the new phylogenetic context. Our major results include: (1) the nuclear and plastid phylogenies are congruent with each other and combined analysis well resolved and strongly supported the relationships of all but two major clades; (2) the Sinensis group is resolved as sister to S. subg. Pulviniella with strong support in two of the three analyses; (3) most morphological characters are highly homoplasious but some characters alone or combinations of characters well define the major clades in the family; and (4) an infrafamilial classification of Selaginellaceae is proposed and the currently defined Selaginella s.l. is split into seven subfamilies (corresponding to the current six subgenera + the Sinensis group) and 19 genera (the major diagnosable clades) with nine new species-poor genera. We support the conservation of Selaginella with a new type, S. flabellata, to minimize nomenclatural instability. We provide a key to subfamilies and genera, images illustrating their morphology, their morphological and geographical synopses, a list of constituent species, and necessary new combinations. This new classification will hopefully facilitate communication, promote further studies, and help conservation.
Selaginella moraniana, a new articulate species from Colombia and Ecuador is described and illustrated, and a conservation assessment is provided. The species is terrestrial or epipetric on riverbanks, often growing as a rheophyte, at low to mid elevations in primary and secondary tropical humid forests. It is morphologically related to S. atirrensis and S. lingulata, from which it differs by the margins of the median and axillary leaves on both leaf surfaces, as well as the acroscopic margin above and both margins below in lateral leaves, each continuously bordered by a whitish-hyaline band, and by the lateral leaves submarginally to marginally puberulent, with short, tooth-like projections or short, stiff hairs, along the basiscopic margin and near the apex on the upper leaf surface.
