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Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are hamartomas localized on the neck, head, or trunk, usually visible at birth. In some instances, careful medical examination may help to find most epidermoid and dermoid cysts. Ambiguity about their exact pathogenesis exists and dysontogenetic, traumatic, and thyroglossal anomaly theories have been postulated. Histopa...
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... 0 soft, cystic, non-tender with minimum mobility. A clinical diagnosis of dermoid/ epidermoid or sebaceous cyst was made. The lesion was excised and sent for histopathologic examination. Macroscopic finding consisted of soft, cystic, grayish black, 1.5x1x0.5 cm 3 tissue. On sectioning a whitish cheesy material, probably keratin material was found (Fig. 5). Histopathologic examination of H-E stained section showed fibrocellular cystic wall lined by thin layer of stratified epithelium (Fig. 6). A confirmatory diagnosis of Epidermoid cyst was ...
Citations
... Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are slowly growing formations developing out of ectodermal tissue that can occur throughout the human body but their most common location is underneath the skin. Their incidence varies from 1.6% to 6.9%, with only 1.6% found in the oral cavity [1]. Epidermoid cysts of the jaw bone are considered very infrequent, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature so far [2,3,4,5,6]. ...
Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are slow-developing formations of ectodermal origin and their most common location is underneath the skin. Epidermoid cysts of the jaw bones are extremely rare, with only several cases documented in the dental literature. Their most common intraoral location is the floor of the oral cavity, the tongue, lips, palate and cheeks. They are slow-growing painless formations, usually discovered incidentally when imaging scans, as well as histopathological examinations, are performed. A patient sought assistance from us, presenting with painful swelling in the right side of the mandible, without added infection. The radiograph and the CBCT scans revealed a lesion in the region of tooth #48, extending halfway into the mandibular ramus, which was surgically removed under general anesthesia. The surgical technique was cystectomy- complete removal of the cyst with the fibrous capsule. The mucosa above the bone defect is then tightly sealed. The histopathology report described an epidermal cyst. It follows that this type of lesions, though extremely uncommon in the jaw bones, must be considered in the differential diagnosis with odontogenic cysts like follicular odontogeneic cyst and odontogeneic keratocyst.
... This cyst was so rare to become a malignancy, but there were some cases of malignancies, such as Basal Cell Carcinoma, Bowen disease, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Mycosis Fungoides (Debaize et al. 2002). This cyst can happen in any age and often in the third and fourth decade of life (Sunil et al. 2014). ...
Highlight:
• Sebaceous cyst or epidermoid cyst is a benign capsulated tumour on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk that subepidermal nodule filled with keratin.
• Proliferating Pilar Tumours (PPT) are rare tumours was found in hair follicle.
• Sebaceous cyst diagnose on facial hairline tumour turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumour (PPT).
Abstract:
Sebaceous cyst, also known as an epidermoid cyst, is a subepidermal nodule filled with keratin and it is a benign capsulated tumor. It is often located on the scalp region, face, neck, and trunk; but can be found elsewhere such as the scrotum, genitalia, fingers, and buccal mucosa. Proliferating Pilar Tumors (PPT) are rare tumors. It is derived from the external root sheath of the hair follicle. These tumors are like irregular subcutaneous nodules and often appear on the scalp. This case report was about a 59 years old woman who came to the hospital following excision of a frontal lump elsewhere, with a sebaceous cyst as the initial diagnosis. From the histopathologic examination, grossly there was a whitish and greyish lump with a soft outer surface. Microscopically, there were malignancy signs with areas with keratinization. The tumor formed a solid pattern of enlarged cells with moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant pale eosinophilic to clear cytoplasm. There was also much free keratinous debris noted and numerous foci of calcification identified within the tumor. Mitotic figures with abnormal forms were frequently seen. The final diagnosis after the histopathological examination was Proliferating Pilar Tumour with focal malignancies. In conclusion, facial hairline tumor differentially diagnosed as a sebaceous cyst turned out to be a rare Proliferating Pilar Tumor (PPT). Following histopathological confirmation, the patient was referred for further management by a specialist team.
... Kista dermoid merupakan massa kistik yang dilapisi epitel berlapis gepeng disertai struktur adneksa kulit seperti folikel rambut, kelenjar keringat, dan kelenjar sebasea. Secara histopatologi kista dermoid terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu kista epidermoid, kista dermoid sejati dan kista teratoid (J. S. Choi et al., 2018;Palaskar et al., 2014;Sunil et al., 2014). Kista epidermoid ditandai massa dengan lapisan epitel skuamosa sederhana, kista dermoid sejati mengandung adneksa kulit, dan kista teratoid mengadung 3 lapisan embrionik ...
... Massa tidak bergerak dengan lidah dijulurkan atau pada saat gerakan menelan. Ukuran kista bervariasi dari beberapa milimeter sampai 12 cm (Sunil et al., 2014). Gejala klinis yang jarang terjadi adalah disfagia dan obstruksi jalan napas yang umumnya ditemukan pada kista yang berukuran besar. ...
... Sunil mengemukakan bahwa kista dermoid secara histopalogi dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai kista epidermoid apabila tersusun dari epitelisasi skuamosa sederhana, kista dermoid sejati apabila ditemukan adneksa kulit di dalam dinding kista, dan kista teratoid apabila ditemukan jaringan lain seperti otot, kartilago, atau tulang di dalam dinding kista (Sunil et al., 2014). Pada pemeriksaan histopatologi pasien ini, ditemukan dinding kista dengan permukaan dilapisi epitel berlapis gepeng yang sebagian besar mengalami erosi, dengan kesimpulan kista epidermoid. ...
Introduction: Dermoid cyst is a cystic mass lined with stratified squamous epithelium with skin adnexal structure. Histopathologically dermoid cysts consist of 3 types, namely epidermoid cysts, true dermoid cysts and teratoid cysts. Epidermoid cysts are characterized by masses with a simple squamous epithelial lining. When the cyst ruptures, it releases a cheesy white matter that smells bad. Epidermoid cysts are most commonly found in the age range of 15 and 35 years with almost the same frequency between male and female sexes. Case description: We report a case of a 52-year-old man with a lump on the left side of the neck that has been slowly growing since 1 year and a computer tomography of the neck suspected a cyst in the anterior glottis. The patient was diagnosed as a neck cyst. Management was carried out by excision of the cyst under general anesthesia and histopathological examination with the results of an Epidermoid cyst. Conclusion: Epidermoid cysts can develop in any part of the body, but are very rare on the head and neck. Definitive management of epidermoid cysts with complete excision of the cyst gives satisfactory results
Keywords: Giant Epidermoid Cyst, excision, hypopharyngeal propulsion
... Most commonly found around the eye, dorsum of the nose and anterior aspect of the neck, and rarely indicating an intraosseous presence [1]. Epidermoid cyst is usually formed because of entrapment of epithelial cells rest during fusion of the arches; alternatively, it may be result of early separation of ectodermal cells from mass of multipotent cells or can be a remnant of the thyroglossal duct [3]. These comprise about 0.001% of the occurrence [3]. ...
... Epidermoid cyst is usually formed because of entrapment of epithelial cells rest during fusion of the arches; alternatively, it may be result of early separation of ectodermal cells from mass of multipotent cells or can be a remnant of the thyroglossal duct [3]. These comprise about 0.001% of the occurrence [3]. Sebaceous cysts are more common than is realized because of minor inconvenience. ...
... Cheesy white material while is an indication of keratin, the presence of thick yellow fluid rich in cholesterol and keratin are findings consistent with epidermoid cyst [11]. On the other hand, lumen of the dermoid cyst is usually filled with keratin [3]. Not known to regress spontaneously this is best managed by surgical excision [9].The same has been suggested by the duration of the presence of entity in our cases. ...
U n i v e r s i t y J D e n t S c i e 2 0 1 5 ; 1 (2) : ABSTRACT : Objective-We are here presenting a case series of subcutaneous cysts who presented to us for treatment. Subcutaneous cysts are not so often presented in a maxillofacial setup. In spite of their common presence extraorally, these have been reported intraorally as well. They are usually dormant and patient does not present with them as a problem until they feel that it is increasing in size or mildly painful. Ignored for a long time, these can lead to severe complications. Material and method-5 cases presented to us with swellings in various region of the face. All of them were treated with excision of the associated cystic mass and primary closure. Results-No recurrence was seen on 6 month follow up Conclusion-Postoperative complications may include recurrence or unacceptable clinical scar both of which can be remedied with a planned incision and complete removal of the mass.
... Midline of the floor of the mouth is the most favored site. [5,6] KCOT is a benign, unicystic or multicystic intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin with potentially aggressive and infiltrative behavior. [7] In 2005, the WHO reclassified OKCs and labeled it as KCOT. ...
Background:
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are keratinizing jaw cysts and due their association with impacted teeth and keratinaceous content, they resemble odontogenic keratocysts but differ in regards to biological behaviour, being less aggressive. To unravel the nature of OOCs, as they resemble epidermoid cysts histologically and due to their developmental resemblances to OKCs, this study was conducted.
Aim and objective:
To compare the cytokeratin expressions of CK 10 and CK 19 among orthokeratinized odontogenic keratocysts, epidermoid cysts and odontogenic keratocysts by immunohistochemical study.
Materials and methods:
30 cases of all three cysts were collected, 10 cases in each of these cysts (OOCs, EDCs and OKCs) were incubated with CK 10 and CK 19 markers respectively. IHC staining was performed and assessed all layers of epithelium. All the data were analyzed using SPSS software, P values were obtained by the Chi-square test and Fisher's test.
Results:
The expression pattern of CK10 showed 100% positive in both OOCs and EDCs with significant difference in OKCs. CK19 expression, between EDCs and OKCs was significant but between OOCs & EDCs and OOCs & OKCs was found to be statistically insignificant.
Conclusion:
CK 10 expressions in both OOCs and EDCs were near identical both in terms of expression and patterns of expression in surface and spinous layers. OOCs may not be distinguished from EDCs both histologically and with CK 10 expression. CK19 expression between OOCs & EDCs and OOCs & OKCs was statistically insignificant. Thus, based upon CK 19 expression, no significant differences were found between OOCs & EDCs and OOCs & OKCs, implying that OOCs resemble both EDCs and OKCs.
... The mean age of CC presentation in the overall population was 6.58 years (range from 3 months to 77 years [55,72]) and in pediatric population [89] was 4.9 years (range between 3 months and 17 years [43,72]). This pathology is more prevalent in male gender with a ratio 3:1, curiously, similar to the epidermoid cysts of head and neck [90]. About clinical presentation, 66% of cases were detected in the investigations of hearing loss or during the follow-up of otitis media with effusion or acute otitis media. ...
PurposeCongenital cholesteatoma (CC) presents as a white pearl-like lesion behind a normal tympanic membrane (TM), without a history of otorrhea, infection, perforation or previous otologic surgery. Several recent studies provided new data improving this pathology characterization. The aim of this paper is to expand the knowledge about CC and to provide new insights on its pathogenesis.Methods
The study consisted of two main research parts: (1) systematic review and meta-analysis; (2) medical literature review englobing anatomy, histology, embryology and congenital pathology of the ear.ResultsThe search strategy identified a total of 636 papers. Seventy retrospective studies were included. A total of 1497 cases were studied and the mean age was 6.58 years, with a male–female ratio of 3:1, 34% were asymptomatic, 26% had hearing loss and 2% had facial dysfunction/paralysis. The overall estimate for antero-superior quadrant involvement was 0.70 [95% confident interval (CI) 0.64–0.76], in the postero-superior quadrant was 0.60 (95% CI 0.52–0.69), in the antero-inferior quadrant was 0.32 (95% CI 0.23–0.41), in the postero-inferior quadrant was 0.38 (95% CI 0.29–0.47), in the attic was 0.53 (95% CI 0.43–0.63) and in the mastoid was 0.33 (95% CI 0.26–0.41). More advanced Potsic stages were present in older patients. The most likely inclusion place seems to be between the pars flaccida and the upper quadrants of the pars tensa.Conclusions
During the last decades, a substantial improvement in CC diagnosis and management had been achieved. The presented mechanism seems to explain most of middle ear CC.
... Epidermoid and dermoid cysts are developmental and non odontogenic cystic lesions derived from germinal epithelium [1,2,3]. It is suggested that these cysts are derived from epithelial remnants from the closure process of the first and second bronchial arches [3]. ...
... The incidence of such cysts in the head and neck region accounts for 1.6-6.9% [1,4]. While a dermoid cyst has an epidermal lining with skin adnexa such as hair follicles and sebaceous and sudoriparous glands, the epidermoid cyst contains no such adnexa [2,3]. ...
... These cysts occur most often in patients in their second or third decade of life. It occurs more commonly in men than women in the ratio 3:1, with mean age of 28 years [1,7]. Gardner syndrome is an exception, where the average age of incidence is 13 years [1]. ...
Epidermoid cysts are non odontogenic, developmental pathologies occurring in the head and neck region with an incidence ranging from 1.6% to 6.9%. Ambiguity about their exact pathogenesis exists and several theories have been postulated. Histologically they have cystic capsule lined by squamous epithelium without skin appendages. We have described a case of an epidermoid cyst in the lateral eyebrow region and its effective management with a brief review of literature.
... Epidermoid cyst is usually formed because of entrapment of epithelial cells rest during fusion of the arches; alternatively, it may be result of early separation of ectodermal cells from mass of multipotent cells or can be a remnant of the thyroglossal duct. These comprise about 0.001% of the occurrence [3]. Sebaceous cysts are more common than is realized because of minor inconvenience. ...
... Cheesy white material while is an indication of keratin, the presence of thick yellow fluid rich in cholesterol and keratin are findings consistent with epidermoid cyst [11]. On the other hand, lumen of the dermoid cyst is usually filled with keratin [3]. Not known to regress spontaneously this is best managed by surgical excision [9].The same has been suggested by the duration of the presence of entity in our cases. ...
Background
A peri‐implant cystic lesion is a rare finding, and to date most investigators have considered that its pathogenesis is caused by trauma and infection related to dental implantation. However, the pathogenesis of these cysts remains unclear and is recognized to have multifactorial origins.
Case presentation
In February 2021, a 75‐year‐old male patient underwent implant restoration due to mobility of the left maxillary central incisor. The implant achieved good osseointegration and was successfully restored. However, in March 2023, the patient sought treatment due to mobility of the dental implant. Clinical examination showed that the implant had loosened in three directions (vertical, mesial‐distal, and labial‐lingual), and the peri‐implant mucosa was slightly red and swollen. Radiographic examination (cone beam computed tomography) showed a large radiolucent area with clear boundaries involving the cervical and middle portions of the dental implant, and white bone lines were observed at the edge of the low‐density shadow. Intraoperatively, we removed the patient's implant, performed a complete debridement, and conducted bone augmentation surgery in the area of bone defect. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well. The final histopathological result confirmed an epidermoid cyst.
Conclusions
Peri‐implant epidermoid cyst is a rare complication that affects the long‐term outcome of implant therapy. This case serves as a warning to clinicians to avoid involving epithelial tissue in the implant site during implant surgery, in order to prevent the potential occurrence of a peri‐implant epidermoid cyst, thereby creating better conditions for the patient's recovery and the long‐term efficacy of the implant.
Background:
Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are uncommon benign cystic lesions derived from the germinative epithelium. Head and neck ECs constitute only 7% of all ECs whereas only 1.6% are seen intraorally. The floor of the mouth is the commonest intraoral site whereas tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, and jaws are less commonly involved intraoral sites. To date, very few large case series of ECs of head and neck have been published. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third-largest case series of 11 intraoral ECs along with 2 extra-oral cases in the pre-auricular region.
Aims:
To highlight the typical and atypical features of ECs in the common as well as rare sites and draw attention to its consideration as a differential diagnosis for head and neck masses.
Settings and design:
Archival data of 13 histopathological cases identified as ECs were analyzed from the Department of Oral Pathology at a tertiary dental hospital and college in New Delhi from 2007 to 2020.
Materials and methods:
The demographic, clinical, radiographic, histopathological features, and treatment modalities were recorded and analyzed.
Statistical analysis used:
Appropriate statistical tests were used.
Results:
The study found strong male predilection in the ratio of 10:3 with an average age of presentation as 28 years. The pre-auricular region and floor of the mouth were the common sites involved followed by buccal mucosa, lips, and jaws. All patients presented with slowly growing swelling with dysphagia, dyspnea, and dysphonia seen in larger cysts on the floor of the mouth. Microscopically, all cases were lined with stratified squamous epithelium filled with laminated layers of keratin. Two cases showed the presence of melanin. One case showed recurrence even after complete surgical excision.
Conclusion:
ECs, though a rare entity, should be considered in differential diagnosis for head and neck masses and require close follow-up due to their potential for malignant transformation.
