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Visual impairments cause very limited and low vision, leading to difficulties in processing information such as obstacles, objects, multimedia contents (e.g., video, photographs, and paintings), and reading in outdoor and indoor environments. Therefore, there are assistive devices and aids for visually impaired (VI) people. In general, such devices...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the role of the eBook application is performed, as shown in Figure 6. For every task, an operation is performed in the smartphone, which is controlled by the braille pad, and the list and text contents expressed on the smartphone, as shown in Figure 7a,c. Thus, the contents of the eBook are expressed as the contents of the braille display shown in Figure 7a. ...
Context 2
... every task, an operation is performed in the smartphone, which is controlled by the braille pad, and the list and text contents expressed on the smartphone, as shown in Figure 7a,c. Thus, the contents of the eBook are expressed as the contents of the braille display shown in Figure 7a. All this information is computed on the page of the corresponding stage in the smartphone and sent in byte arrays; the reason for sending information in byte arrays is because a single braille cell has eight dots, which have binary values, and is expressed in a byte. ...
Context 3
... present study used a braille display that has a 2D multiarray display similar to that shown in Figure 11 to effectively express multimedia contents for VI users. The braille display consists of 12 × 12 cells in total, as shown in Figure 7a. The column (11 × 1) at the far left indicates the user's cursor position, and the contents cells (11 × 11) at the right side show the multimedia information received from the smartphone. ...
Context 4
... these, the last line of the cells (1 × 11) at the bottom expresses additional information such as page and book information. As shown in Figure 7c, when the cursor points to a content in the list, a total of 11 list contents are displayed, and if there are more than 11 list contents, the list pages are managed automatically to move to the next or previous page; and the screen of the corresponding list activity is appropriately displayed. Figure 11. ...
Citations
... These devices are considered to be beneficial as they enhance the social media experience of a user by providing a more tactile and interactive interface for visually impaired users. Research on these devices has been conducted by Kim (2019) [22], where the authors developed a braille device to make it easy for visually impaired people to interact with online social media platforms. ...
... These devices are considered to be beneficial as they enhance the social media experience of a user by providing a more tactile and interactive interface for visually impaired users. Research on these devices has been conducted by Kim (2019) [22], where the authors developed a braille device to make it easy for visually impaired people to interact with online social media platforms. ...
This research introduces an innovative smart cane architecture designed to empower visually impaired individuals. Integrating advanced sensors and social media connectivity, the smart cane enhances accessibility and encourages physical activity. Three meticulously developed algorithms ensure accurate step counting, swing detection, and proximity measurement. The smart cane’s architecture comprises the platform, communications, sensors, calculation, and user interface layers, providing comprehensive assistance for visually impaired individuals. Hardware components include an audio–tactile interaction module, input command module, microphone integration, local storage, step count module, cloud integration, and rechargeable battery. Software v1.9.7 components include Facebook Chat API integration, Python Facebook API integration, fbchat library integration, and Speech Recognition library integration. Overall, the proposed smart cane offers a comprehensive solution to enhance mobility, accessibility, and social engagement for visually impaired individuals. This study represents a significant stride toward a more inclusive society, leveraging technology to create meaningful impact in the lives of those with visual impairments. By fostering socialization and independence, our smart cane not only improves mobility but also enhances the overall well-being of the visually impaired community.
... In the study, it is focused on the working principle of devising a display board and introduces a working model of a single unit of a novel prototype of a computer display board for blind people. [17] describes a methodology to effectively convert multimedia contents to braille using a 2D braille display. The study also proposes the transformation of Digital Accessible Information SYstem (DAISY) and electronic publication (EPUB) formats into 2D braille display. ...
The modern era has witnessed significant advancements in information technology, which have to be incorporated into our everyday lives. These technological developments are revolutionizing our daily routines, enabling everyone, including those with physical disabilities, to benefit from them. For instance, Braille-based devices have made it possible for people who are blind or visually impaired to acquire literacy skills by learning the Braille system. This paper proposes a refreshable braille display that is innovative and easy to use. It is a single-cell device that can be of immense help to blind and visually impaired users.
... When the system facilitates the printed material recognition via the tactile sense, it could be enforced as a Braille display for blind people. For providing multimedia information and braille translation for a 2D multiarray braille display to avert the drawbacks of a 1D conventional braille system, a 2D multiarray braille display system was designed for blind people [40]. Blind people can read eBooks speedily and competently by expressing the text in various lines. ...
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), visual impairment is one of the most common problems affecting approximately one sixth of the world's population. It was found that 39 million of these sufferers have lost their vision completely and require supervision from other people to do their daily chores. Until today, several methodologies have been built to provide effective solutions to visually challenged people, mainly in terms of navigation. The assistive technologies developed for the visually challenged are generally very popular due to the benefits provided, but these technologies are limited in many aspects. One of the main problems with the technologies is that they are non-adaptable and cannot adjust to the changing needs of the participants. The demands of blind people are constantly growing, and there is no powerful technology that can meet all of these demands at the same time. The major constraints with assistive technologies are cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness. This paper presents a complete review of the assistive technologies introduced in the literature to deal with the navigation problems of blind people. Each and every literature work focuses on the requirements of the blind, and several features are considered accordingly. Thus, the presented review provides a detailed description of the evolution of such assistive technologies and the improvements brought in to satisfy the users. Apart from this, the complexities and limitations associated with the technologies are also unwounded to provide a clear perspective on the current scenario for future developers and researchers. Several constraints associated with different assistive technology are interpreted, and this review ends with the insights drawn from the study along with future scopes.
... Kim, S. et al. [14,15] proposed a 2D braille display to output data in the digital accessible information system (DAISY) and the electronic publication (EPUB) formats. They developed the braille pad for outputting braille information and the technology for tactile image conversion, as shown in Figure 6. ...
... Braille pad prototype and Output screen[14,15]. ...
The global prevalence of visual impairment due to diseases and accidents continues to increase. Visually impaired individuals rely on their auditory and tactile senses to recognize surrounding objects. However, accessible public facilities such as tactile pavements and tactile signs are installed only in limited areas globally, and visually impaired individuals use assistive devices such as canes or guide dogs, which have limitations. In particular, the visually impaired are not equipped to face unexpected situations by themselves while walking. Therefore, these situations are becoming a great threat to the safety of the visually impaired. To solve this problem, this study proposes a living assistance system, which integrates object recognition, object extraction, outline generation, and braille conversion algorithms, that is applicable both indoors and outdoors. The smart glasses guide objects in real photos, and the user can detect the shape of the object through a braille pad. Moreover, we built a database containing 100 objects on the basis of a survey to select objects frequently used by visually impaired people in real life to construct the system. A performance evaluation, consisting of accuracy and usefulness evaluations, was conducted to assess the system. The former involved comparing the tactile image generated on the basis of braille data with the expected tactile image, while the latter confirmed the object extraction accuracy and conversion rate on the basis of the images of real-life situations. As a result, the living assistance system proposed in this study was found to be efficient and useful with an average accuracy of 85% a detection accuracy of 90% and higher, and an average braille conversion time of 6.6 s. Ten visually impaired individuals used the assistance system and were satisfied with its performance. Participants preferred tactile graphics that contained only the outline of the objects, over tactile graphics containing the full texture details.
... Travelling and tactile graphics 5 [35,36,[58][59][60] Map and audio guidance 3 [61][62][63] Artworks and object's shape 2 [64,65] Haptic and braille display 2 [31,66] Orientation and Mobility 1 [62] We identified types of input images to generate tactile graphics, as shown in Table 4. General images, such as natural scene images, were used the most (9 papers), followed by charts and diagrams (7 papers). These types of images can be used in the educational and social life of the BVI. ...
... JinSoo Cho and his research team presented an interesting project in the field of AT and tactile graphics generation for BVI individuals [31,54,58,59,66]. Meanwhile, Yoon et al. [58] introduced a new method for extracting salient regions based on global contrast enhancement to improve the process of recognizing natural scene images for BVI individuals. ...
... Kim et al. [66] described a methodology for effectively converting multimedia content, DAISY, and EPUB formats to braille, as well as correctly rendering and displaying text, images, audios, and videos on a 2D multi-array braille display. This new 2D multi-array braille display technology is efficient for BVI individuals as it expands their access to learning and supports navigation through multimedia content. ...
Currently, a large amount of information is presented graphically. However, visually impaired individuals do not have access to visual information. Instead, they depend on tactile illustrations—raised lines, textures, and elevated graphics that are felt through touch—to perceive geometric and various other objects in textbooks. Tactile graphics are considered an important factor for students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields seeking a quality education because teaching materials in these fields are frequently conveyed with diagrams and geometric figures. In this paper, we conducted a systematic literature review to identify the current state of research in the field of automatic tactile graphics generation. Over 250 original research papers were screened and the most appropriate studies on automatic tactile graphic generation over the last six years were classified. The reviewed studies explained numerous current solutions in static and dynamic tactile graphics generation using conventional computer vision and artificial intelligence algorithms, such as refreshable tactile displays for education and machine learning models for tactile graphics classification. However, the price of refreshable tactile displays is still prohibitively expensive for low- and middle-income users, and the lack of training datasets for the machine learning model remains a problem.
... It has created an effective Braille smartwatch that is a resource for the blind for low-cost learning and connectivity. With it, Dot [12] aims to restore fair access to information to a population left behind in the age of digital real-time text shown in Fig. 2. ...
The goal of this paper is to create a Voice Activated
Braille as a portable device that will help individuals who are
blind or visually impaired without any partial help to recognize
certain written characters. This is a system controlled by Arduino
that will be able to direct blind people. The system acts mostly
as a guide for the blind, a particular virtual environment for
the visually disadvantaged, making them similarly optimistic to
the rest of the world’s regular citizens. Blind people will benefit
from these innovative braille methods to tackle the challenge of
information technology around the world. This system is compact
and will keep blind people from partial assistance and can also
help them read something without any help. Thus, the daily
inconvenience of blind individuals can be significantly decreased
and they can enjoy a certain level of freedom and activity.
Index Terms—Arduino, Braille, Communication, Information
Technology, Design, Cost Analysis
... It has created an effective Braille smartwatch that is a resource for the blind for low-cost learning and connectivity. With it, Dot [12] aims to restore fair access to information to a population left behind in the age of digital real-time text shown in Fig. 2. ...
The goal of this paper is to create a Voice Activated Braille as a portable device that will help individuals who are blind or visually impaired without any partial help to recognize certain written characters. This is a system controlled by Arduino that will be able to direct blind people. The system acts mostly as a guide for the blind, a particular virtual environment for the visually disadvantaged, making them similarly optimistic to the rest of the world's regular citizens. Blind people will benefit from these innovative braille methods to tackle the challenge of information technology around the world. This system is compact and will keep blind people from partial assistance and can also help them read something without any help. Thus, the daily inconvenience of blind individuals can be significantly decreased and they can enjoy a certain level of freedom and activity.
... It has created an effective Braille smartwatch that is a resource for the blind for low-cost learning and connectivity. With it, Dot [12] aims to restore fair access to information to a population left behind in the age of digital real-time text shown in Fig. 2. ...
The goal of this paper is to create a Voice Activated Braille as a portable device that will help individuals who are blind or visually impaired without any partial help to recognize certain written characters. This is a system controlled by Arduino that will be able to direct blind people. The system acts mostly as a guide for the blind, a particular virtual environment for the visually disadvantaged, making them similarly optimistic to the rest of the world's regular citizens. Blind people will benefit from these innovative braille methods to tackle the challenge of information technology around the world. This system is compact and will keep blind people from partial assistance and can also help them read something without any help. Thus, the daily inconvenience of blind individuals can be significantly decreased and they can enjoy a certain level of freedom and activity.
... Previous studies [34][35][36][37] have continuously attempted to enable visually impaired people to access visual information. As discussed in Section 1, the number of people who have poor vision or have lost their eyesight is increasing worldwide every year. ...
... Text player with digital accessible information system (DAISY) v2.02 (English), DAISY v3.Text player with sample eBook of EPUB standard[37]. (a) The chapter list of electronic publication (EPUB)[37]; (b) The text player of EPUB. ...
... Text player with digital accessible information system (DAISY) v2.02 (English), DAISY v3.Text player with sample eBook of EPUB standard[37]. (a) The chapter list of electronic publication (EPUB)[37]; (b) The text player of EPUB. ...
This paper presents two methodologies for delivering multimedia content to visually impaired people with the use of a haptic device and braille display. Based on our previous research, the research using Kinect v2 and haptic device with 2D+ (RGB frame with depth) data has the limitations of slower operational speed while reconstructing object details. Thus, this study focuses on the development of 2D multiarray braille display using an electronic book translator application because of its accuracy and high speed. This approach provides mobility and uses 2D multiarray braille display to represent media content contour more efficiently. In conclusion, this study achieves the representation of considerably massive text content compared to previous 1D braille displays. Besides, it also represents illustrations and figures to braille displays through quantization and binarization.
In current times, recruitment in the IT industry has been on the rise. Through job fairs, many
companies are looking to hire young talent from colleges. The selection process is getting more
and more competitive in the corporate world. The process of recruiting new candidates is a
manual one, typically handled by the organization's human resources division. The primary level
of screening takes place based on the candidate’s resume. Resume analysis using deep learning
could help the recruiter as well as the candidate in numerous ways. It will help the recruiter
shortlist candidates without having to go through each candidate’s resume. The primary purpose
of this paper is to understand the level of literacy on the topic among students of VIT, Vellore. The
paper will further educate and explain the benefits of this tool to candidates and recruiters.
