Table 1 - uploaded by Abdul-Lateef Molan
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Scientific names, local names, and medicinal uses of the medicinal plants.
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... medicinal plants commonly used in Northern Iraq were obtained from various locations in the Kurdistan District in April 2008, each with a Herbarium voucher specimen prepared and deposited at the herbarium (Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq). The scientific names, voucher numbers and medicinal applications are detailed in Table 1. ...
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... level of statistical significance was set at P< 0.05. Table 1 contains the information of the plants used in the present study. In Iraqi traditional medicine, when these herbs are used for patients, parts (mainly leaves) are boiled in water and infusions prepared are given to the patients orally. ...
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... Maximum total antioxidant activity was provided by SE ethanol extract (19.4 mg/mL), followed by L. camara ethanol extract (18 mg/mL), L. camara petroleum ether extract (3.4 mg/mL), and S .elaeagnifolium (1.5 mg/ml) at 1000 mg/ml [21]. Whereas the methanolic extract of adiantum and caudatum leaves showed much higher activity than the hexane and aqueous extracts, while the hexane extract was the least active. ...
The current work aims to investigate the chemical components in Solanum elaeagnifolium leaf extracts and their pharmacological potential in antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects. To screen the complete antioxidant potential, the DPPH, SO, FRAP, MCA, and PHM assays were evaluated; whereas the antibacterial activity was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration method against 10 pathogenic microorganisms. Also, the α-amylase and α-glucosidase effects were explored to know the enzyme inhibitory potentials of this plant leaves. After obtaining possible drug probabilities in the crude extract exploration, the GC-MS screened molecules were docked with diabetes-related proteins to screen for active anti-diabetics. Ultimately, as a final result of this exploration, the following values are lodged for future reference for those wishing to work on this plant. Firstly, the quantitative phytochemicals exploration revealed that the ethyl acetate extract has the highest content of TPC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and TFC with 79.04 ± 0.98mg/g GAE and 134.31 ± 0.04 mg/g QE. Similarly, the tested extracts in this study showed significant antioxidant activity at various concentrations; whereas the extracts used against the bacteria showed 50% inhibition against the pathogens tested.The ethanol extracts were subjected to an MIC according to the bacteriostatic potential; the concentration of 118.75 g/mL showed remarkable inhibition potentials against E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermis, Bacillus subtilis and Rhodococcus equi . In the enzymatic exploration of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, IC50 values of ethanol extracts were found to be17.78 ± 2.38µg/ml and 27.90 ± 5.02 µg/ml followed by acetone (17.96 ± 6.05µg/ml and 36.44 ± 3.30 µg/ml). Through in-silico exploration, we found that S. elegans phytochemicals have potential drug-binding affinities and better docking scores with diabetic proteins compared to the corresponding drugs. Based on the various pharmacological investigations, the present study concluded that Solanumelaeagnifolium might have possible drug candidates as antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic agents. As a result of the present study, we conclude that the phytochemicals may have revealed their therapeutic potential either alone or synergistically with other phytochemicals of this leaves.
... Park et al. 4 reported that the DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts of R. multiflora roots were 80% at a DPPH concentration of 100 µg/ mL and that the scavenging activity of an aqueous extract was 40% at a DPPH concentration of 50 µg/mL. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Potentilla supina (Rosaceae) were 25.2% and 35.97%, respectively, at 25 µg/mL DPPH, whereas those of methanol extracts of three Rosa species were 64.5%, 51.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, at 100 µg/mL DPPH [30][31][32] . In the present study, the ethyl acetate and water fractions exhibited greater DPPH free radical scavenging activities than the other two fractions, and the R. multiflora extract fractions exhibited greater DPPH free radical scavenging activity than the R. wichuraiana extract fractions. ...
The fruits of Rosa multiflora Thunberg and Rosa wichuraiana Crépin are oriental medicine resources used complementary in management dropsy, edema and nocturnal enuresis in Korea. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and the content of kaempferol and quercetin of Rosa multiflora and Rosa wichuraiana fruits and flowers. Crude ethanol extracts of the species’ fruits and flowers from the two Rosa species were fractionized with hexane, ether, ethyl acetate and water, and antioxidant activities of the resulting fractions were evaluated in vitro using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. The content of kaempferol and quercetin was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The water fraction of R. multiflora and ethyl acetate fraction of R. wichuraiana exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity, which are generally proportionally to concentration, and the ethyl acetate fraction of fruit and ether fraction of the flower from the two Rosa species exhibited the highest superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate and ether fraction of flower and fruit from the two Rosa species contained high level content of kaempferol and quercetin. These findings indicate that the antioxidant activity and the content of kaempferol and quercetin of Rosa multiflora and Rosa wichuraiana is dependent on solvent fraction. Moreover, both Rosa species fruits and flowers are promising sources of antioxidant phytochemicals, which further supports their use in complementary oriental medicine resource in Korea.
... Since centuries, an extensive number of medicinal plants have been selected, identified, and investigated for their biochemical and pharmaceutical properties throughout the globe including Asia, Europe, Africa, and so on for their prospective use against human disease. More than 1500 species of such plants are widely used in different countries, viz., Africa (Lemma, 1991;Mabona et al., 2013), Albania (Kathe et al., 2003, DSA, 2010, Bangladesh (Asadujjaman et al., 2013), Bulgaria ( Kathe et al., 2003), China (Cai et al., 2004), Croatia (Kathe et al., 2003), Finland, France (Trouillas et al., 2003), Iraq (Molan et al., 2012), India (Devasagayam and Sainis, 2002;Auudy et ...
Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia L.) is a perennial shrubby creeper which belongs to Menispermaceae family and found in the many tropical regions of the worldwide including India. T. cordifolia is one of the most important among medicinal plants due to its properties which have been used recommended as a potential solution for human health welfare and many diseases since thousands of years back. The medicinal properties of T. cordifolia are because of the presence of several phytochemical compounds in its different parts such as root, stem, and leaves. Very few researches and reports are focused on therapeutic uses of T. cordifolia, and its role in food health and pharmacological benefits. However, this plant needs more importance and attention. Therefore, authors have pointed out in this chapter on the knowledge of T. cordifolia, and more emphasized on the development of its therapeutic use in food, health, and pharmacological industry.
... Since centuries, an extensive number of medicinal plants have been selected, identified, and investigated for their biochemical and pharmaceutical properties throughout the globe including Asia, Europe, Africa, and so on for their prospective use against human disease. More than 1500 species of such plants are widely used in different countries, viz., Africa (Lemma, 1991;Mabona et al., 2013), Albania (Kathe et al., 2003, DSA, 2010, Bangladesh (Asadujjaman et al., 2013), Bulgaria ( Kathe et al., 2003), China (Cai et al., 2004), Croatia (Kathe et al., 2003), Finland, France (Trouillas et al., 2003), Iraq (Molan et al., 2012), India (Devasagayam and Sainis, 2002;Auudy et ...
With the increase in life expectancy, the prevalence of chronic diseases of the digestive tract, such as peptic ulcers and inflammatory bowel disease, and the metabolic syndrome associated with the current obesity epidemic have increased in the population. High cost and adverse reactions have led to the search for herbal medicines. However, the market is more demanding, and it is necessary to look for safer and more effective alternatives that can prevent and cure these diseases. The two projects carried out by Prof. Wagner Vilegas’ group (“Sustainable Use of Brazilian Biodiversity: Pharmacological and Chemical Prospection on Higher Plants” and “Standardized Extracts for the Treatment of Chronic Diseases”), led to an extensive chemical and pharmacological screening of Brazilian plants with ethnopharmacological indications for the treatment of cancer, ulcers, inflammation, diarrhea too. The first project aimed to investigate plant extracts more thoroughly under the chemical and pharmacological basis, whereas the second project was designed in order to standardize the method of preparationof the extracts, to evaluate the and qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the extracts according to pharmacopoeial standards, as well as to deeply investigate the mechanistic basis of the biological activities observed. Several alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, fatty acids, catechins, tannins and phenolic compounds were isolated, identified and/or detected. Pharmacological studies have indicated that some of these medicinal species, commonly used by the population, have proven efficacy for various disorders, with promising results. Therefore, next steps intend the production of pharmaceutical formulations that must have effectiveness and safety of use, which will also facilitate the access to the population to these phytopreparations.
... The total phenolics from herbal extracts were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent described by Molan and his co-workers [40], with modification. The stock solution of gallic acid at 5 mg/mL was prepared with distilled water, further diluted into concentrations ranging from 20 to 400 µg/mL, and used as a standard calibration curve. ...
Spices and herbs, owing to their natural benefits to human health, are gaining momentum as food preservatives in recent years. Due to their antioxidant activity, their extracts with bioactive principles form the basis of pharmaceutical and food processing applications. Two of such crops, mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum) and red turmeric (Curcuma longa), were compared for their phytochemical composition, the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts, and their antimicrobial activity against foodborne pathogenic bacteria, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis in this study. Our results showed that the mountain mint had higher total phenolic content and total tannin content: 614.41±3.96 and 529.74±4.39 mg gallic acid equivalents/gram dry weight extract. In comparison, red turmeric had higher total flavonoid content: 1250.51±8.10 mg catechin equivalents/gram dry weight extract. A lower IC 50 value (21.39±0.86 µg/mL) of red turmeric reflected its higher antioxidant activity. A lower concentration of methanolic extract of red turmeric rhizome was needed for both MIC (62.5 and 125 µg/mL) and MBC (125 and 250 µg/mL) assay against L. monocytogenes and S. enteritidis, respectively. In conclusion, these findings showed the red turmeric methanolic extract as a source of potential phytochemicals and antioxidants exhibited relative efficiency with antimicrobial activity against two common foodborne pathogens. The results have implications for use in processed food preservation and protection against food spoilage pathogens.
... In contrast a recent study conducted by Molan et al. (2012) [28] reported that water extract of O. basilicum had the highest FRAP activity compared to the ethanolic extract. These results suggest that the plant extract might react with free radicals particularly with peroxy radicals which are the major propagators of the auto-oxidation of fat.this is by terminating the chain reaction. ...
... In contrast a recent study conducted by Molan et al. (2012) [28] reported that water extract of O. basilicum had the highest FRAP activity compared to the ethanolic extract. These results suggest that the plant extract might react with free radicals particularly with peroxy radicals which are the major propagators of the auto-oxidation of fat.this is by terminating the chain reaction. ...
... The antioxidant activity of ethanol (50 %) and water extracts from A. vermicularis leaves and stems were reported earlier and the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of extracts prepared using maceration method were analysed using FCR, FRAP and DPPH . assay [26] . [27] . ...
The aim of the present study was to compare for the first time, the antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiurease activities of 15 different extracts of Achillea vermicularis, which were obtained from three extraction methods using five different solvents. Phenolic contents in chloroform extract showed strong antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity and were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and confirmed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The active phenolic compounds in chloroform extracts were identified as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, naringenin, quercetagetin 3,6-dimethyl ether, and 8-hydroxy-salvigenin. All these compounds except caffeic acid were detected for the first time in Achillea vermicularis. These results indicated that chloroform extract of the plant possessed a high potential to be used as a natural source in food and pharmaceutical industry.
... The current study agree with other researches and studies that determined the total phenolic contents of different plants and its antioxidant capacity and considering these plants an important source for natural antioxidants as its antioxidant capacity was linked to its content of phenolic and other active compounds whether in medicinal plants or in food like fruits and vegetables (Molan et al., 2012;Adamkova et al, 2013;Siti-Mahirah et al, 2014;Nordin et al, 2017;Rathi and Turki, 2018;Rathi and Abdulhay, 2019). ...
This study aims to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for three parts of the pumpkins Cucurbita moschata which are the peel, leaves, and the pulp dried under sunlight and determine the phenolic contents of parts
... mM TRE/g dw = mM Trolox equivalent/g dry weight. The total phenolic content varied significantly among populations, ranging from 31 to 113, with a mean of 62 mg GAE/g dw, higher than those reported for P. aviculare (29.8 mg GAE/g dw) by Molan, Faraj, and Mahdy (2012). The highest total phenolic content was measured in ELM belonging to the Saharan climate, followed by OUE, while SBI, ZGH, and MEZ populations from the semi-arid and arid, bioclimatic zones, showed the lowest phenolic contents. ...
The antioxidant capacities of 11 populations of P. equisetiforme collected from the Saharan, arid, and semi-arid bioclimatic zones in Tunisia were investigated. Total phenolic content varied from 31 ± 5 to 113 ± 4 mg GAE/g dw. Flavonoid content varied from 29 ± 2 to 130 ± 10 mg QRE/g dw and condensed tannins ranged between 8 ± 1 and 33 ± 2 mg CTE/g dw. P. equisetiforme showed a high antioxidant potential, with the total antioxidant capacity varying from 10 ± 2 to 71 ± 3 mg GAE/g dw. The DPPH scavenging activity ranged from 12 ± 1 to 51 ± 6 mM TRE/g dw and the EC 50 of reducing power ranged between 68 ± 5 and 210 ± 20 μg/mL. Plants collected from the Saharan climate showed the highest phytochemical and antioxidant activity. LC–ESI-MS analysis allowed identification of 19 compounds, of which quinic acid, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, and cirsiliol were identified as major compounds. High quantitative and qualitative variability in the phenolic acid and flavonoid fractions between the studied populations were observed. Overall, P. equisetiforme could be considered as a prospective source of useful natural antioxidants.
... In all extracts prepared from the leaves and roots of both radish varieties, positive correlations were found between the TPC and the FRSA, indicating that the phenolic compounds are the main ingredients contributing to the antioxidant activity of the two Iraqi radish varieties. Similarly, many previous studies have found positive correlations between the TPC and the free radical scavenging activity in the extracts prepared from different medicinal plants including the radishes (Shehata et al, 2014;Bors et al, 2015;Molan et al, 2012Molan et al, , 2016aMolan et al, , b, 2017Rathi and Turki, 2018). ...
