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In previous works we already introduced our wireless approach for the communication network in the battery management system. We also investigated the main characteristics of the communication channel. In this new contribution, we present the first version and results of a prototype of this communication network. We implemented the master and the s...
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... Bytes): employed for the frame synchro- nization and as training sequence for the correction of timing and phase • Address (1 Byte): used in the TDMA protocol for iden- tifying the modules (slaves) • Payload (20 Bytes): represents the information transmit- ted by one module. A block diagram of the physical layer simulation model is depicted in Fig. 1. For the prototype implementation employ- ing the USRPs, we removed the channel block and added a USRP Sink block at the Tx end and a USRP source block at the Rx beginning. These blocks work as interface between the computer and the Tx/Rx USRPs. Most of the signal processing blocks already existed in GNU Radio, but we developed two of ...
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Citations
... In [79] they enhance their prototype by testing it for communications. They propose their own custom MAC layer, based on TDMA, but report issues when using it, as noise is interpreted as data in their experiment. ...
The traction battery of an electric vehicle is a key component. It is also a sensitive system for which the voltage and temperature of the cells it is made of must be kept in a given working range. This is the role of the Battery Management System (BMS). The BMS is made of subsystems, called Cells Sensor Units (CSU), which supervise the cells and report their state to a central component named Master Control Unit (MCU). Moreover, they are in charge of performing battery cells balancing, as cells do not have exactly equal capacity, and imbalance between them may appear with usage over time, when they are wired in series. In current BMS implementations, this periodic communication is performed through wires. In this work, we have studied the possibility to replace this wired communication with a wireless medium, by using standardized protocol stack of the Internet of Things (IoT).After evaluating different communication protocols, we have chosen to base our work on IEEE Std. 802.15.4-2015 Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH). We first have tested this protocol within an battery pack environment, through experimentation, using actual wireless capable nodes. Thus, we were able to determine that the radio links quality is high, that the car's engine electromagnetic emissions should not interfere with the wireless communication, and that most of the problems would come from other users of the 2.4GHz band, and Wi-Fi in particular. We then have sought to determine what the most adapted topology and scheduling management strategies for such a scenario are. To this end, we have proposed two algorithms for centralized network management, based on the Linear Programming and Simple Descent techniques, in order to optimize the topology and slotframe. Considering that many parameters are involved in this optimization work, we have therefore evaluated our algorithms under various setups, and used the results to determine what the best values for these algorithms parameters are. Moreover, we have proposed a routing protocol, which makes use of these algorithms in an iterative way to compute the best possible topology and slotframe, and which allows to propagate the decisions of the centralized network manager to the nodes. This protocol, heavily inspired by the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), relies on periodic messages and asynchronous events to keep the wireless nodes up-to-date with the latest network manager decision. Finally, we have tested this solution with a network of objects in a vehicular environment.
... Im Rahmen des öffentlichen Forschungsprojekts IntLiIon, in dem auch die vorliegende Arbeit entstanden ist, wurden in [71,72,74,75] Untersuchungen für die drahtlose Übertragung von Sensordaten in einer Traktionsbatterie präsentiert. In einer Traktionsbatterie befindet sich der Übertragungskanal in einer metallischen Umgebung, in der die Antennen relativ nah zu metallischen Oberflächen positioniert sind. ...
Die Powerline-Kommunikation (PLC) stellt ein vielversprechendes Datenbuskonzept für Batteriemanagement-Systeme in Traktionsbatterien dar. Diese Arbeit zeigt einen Ansatz zur Kanalmodellierung, Untersuchungen zu Störsignalen, Analysen des PLC-Übertragungskanals und einen Systementwurf eines Einträger- sowie Mehrträgerverfahrens zur Datenübertragung. Des Weiteren wurden die entworfenen Systeme durch Simulationen evaluiert und miteinander verglichen.
Power-line communications (PLC) in traction batteries is a promising data bus concept for battery management systems. This work presents a channel modeling approach, as well as an analysis of the PLC channel behavior and noise based on measurements. Furthermore, single-carrier and multi-carrier communication systems are designed, evaluated by simulations, and compared among them.
... 1 An automotive battery is named "hot" when the battery cells include the conducting fluid. In contrast, it is called "cold" when the cells do not have the conductive fluid and, therefore, they can neither be charged nor discharged. 2 "Battery emulator" has been the employed denotation up to now in all the publications related to this wireless approach [102,[104][105][106][107]. ...
... Sending this information every 10 ms would mean a very large amount of unnecessary information, because the variation of the temperature with the time is much slower. Hence, the communication process in the battery network in this wireless approach is organized in cycles and sub-cycles [106]. Along one sub-cycle, the BCU (master) must receive the voltage information of every cell in the battery. ...
... Therefore, the first alternative, based on the calculation of the USRP's local time by means of the rx_time tag, is preferred. 106 7 Prototyping of the Communication System Burst Transmission: A data stream can be transmitted as a burst by an USRP Sink at a particular instant of time when the stream contains the following tags: tx_sob 1 : It is placed at the first sample of the burst tx_eob 2 : It is located at the last sample of the burst tx_time: It is also placed at the first sample and indicates at which time the burst must be sent When the USRP Sink receives a stream with these tags, the associated USRP starts to work as transmitter at the time indicated by tx_time. When the sample with the tag tx_eob is received by the USRP Sink, the transmission stops and the USRP changes to receiver mode. ...
This work introduces a novel wireless approach for the data transmission within automotive battery management systems. The main target is the reduction of the wiring harness deployed in a battery. The characteristics of the wireless in-battery channel are investigated by means of measurements and software-based electromagnetic simulations. Different types of antennas and frequency bands are analyzed. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated by means of simulations and prototypes.
