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Scheme 1: Synthesis of mangiferin analogues, 1 is mangiferin
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Citations
... It is a reputed medicinal plant due to its utilization as a traditional remedy since ancient time. [6] Applied scientific experiments have confirmed that mangiferin is capable in exhibiting diverse medicinal properties including antibacterial, [7][8][9] antiviral, [10] antidiabetic, [11] antioxidant, [12] as well as anti-inflammatory. [13] An ethnomedicinal survey conducted in a district of Bangladesh revealed that the young leaves of M. indica were used traditionally for the treatment of toothache and tooth infections. ...
Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effect of mangiferin with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Mangiferin was isolated from Mangifera indica and tested for its synergistic activity with eight standard antibiotics against S. aureus using disc diffusion method. Results and Discussion: The results showed that 4 mg/disc of mangiferin exerted synergistic antibacterial effect on S. aureus when used in combination with four standard antibiotics. Combination with nalidixic acid, ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resulted in fold increase in area 69.00%, 21.37%, 16.16%, and 4.16%, respectively. At the same time, there is no synergetic antibacterial effect observed with other tested antibiotics against S. aureus. Furthermore, there is no antagonistic antibacterial effect for the tested antibiotics. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that mangiferin is a safe natural product which can potentiate antibacterial effect of some antibiotics suggesting good potential for combination therapy against S. aureus.
... Its various pharmacological and industrial applications have been noted. Various phytochemicals from Mangifera indica L. have shown pharmacological properties such as antiallergic and anthelmintic [7] , therapeutic [8] , genotoxic [9] and antimicrobial properties [10,11] and cytoprotective effects [12] . In last decade, the mangoes' yield in Pakistan has decreased despite of her suitable climatic and soil conditions for production of mangoes. ...
Mango sudden death syndrome (MSDS) commonly known as Quick Decline Disease has been a threat to Mango production in the world. The present phytochemical study aimed to investigate the sugars in bark of healthy, adjacent to disease and diseased Mangifera indica (Mango) variety Langra. Ion exchange chromatographic technique showed presence of xylose, fructose, arabinose, glucose, lactose and an unidentified sugar in barks' extracts. The non-uniform distribution of these sugars was supported by the quantitative analysis of sugar content in the samples. The results revealed the difference in total sugar content in healthy, adjacent to disease and diseased samples. Reducing sugars showed an interesting decrease in adjacent to disease samples while having a slight elevation in the diseased plant's samples. The non-reducing sugars showed a steady decrease from healthy to diseased plant's samples. Consequently, the present research showed sugars as markers in Mango Plant variety Langra in relation to Quick Decline.
... Since flavonoids are available at low cost and are less toxic to humans, they are highly suitable for treating such human diseases. The demonstration of activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria is an indication that the plant can be a source of bioactive substances that could be a broad spectrum of activity [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
Objective: World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely upon herbal medicines for some aspect of their primary healthcare. For most of the herbs, the specific ingredient that causes therapeutic effect is not known. Bacterial infections are one of the prominent causes of health problems, physical disabilities and mortalities around the world. Plants have been used in medicine as antimicrobial agents since ancient times could provide a promising solution for drug-resistant species. The present study involves comparison of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract leaves of Tectona grandis (teak), Mangifera indica (mango), and, Anacardium Occidentale (cashew).Methods: Authentication, morphological studies and phytochemical screening studies on alcoholic extracts of leaves were carried out. Antibacterial activity was carried out by using different concentrations of extracts on bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using agar well diffusion method and results were compared.Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, resins, tannins and flavonoids. Antibacterial activity was observed in the concentration range of 25-100 mg/ml for all the extracts except T. grandis leaves. They are effective at 50-100 mg/ml concentration.Conclusion: Comparison of results reveals that leaves of T. Grandis have less antibacterial activity compared to M. Indica and A. Occidantale extracts.Keywords: Teak, Mango, Cashew Leaves Extracts, Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial activity
... For instance, MGF from fresh air-dried bark of Mangifera indica L. was successively extracted with boiling light petroleum to remove fatty matter, with cold acetone to remove tannins, and finally with 70% ethanol [101]. The combined alcohol extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to separate MGF as a yellow amorphous powder [15,101]. ...
... For instance, MGF from fresh air-dried bark of Mangifera indica L. was successively extracted with boiling light petroleum to remove fatty matter, with cold acetone to remove tannins, and finally with 70% ethanol [101]. The combined alcohol extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to separate MGF as a yellow amorphous powder [15,101]. ...
The identification of biologically active and potentially therapeutically useful pharmacophores from natural products has been a long-term focus in the pharmaceutical industry. The recent emergence of a worldwide obesity and Type II diabetes epidemic has increased focus upon small molecules that can modulate energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and fat biology. Interesting preliminary work done on mangiferin (MGF), the predominant constituent of extracts of the mango plant Mangifera indica L., portends potential for this pharmacophore as a novel parent compound for treating metabolic disorders. MGF is comprised of a C-glucosylated xanthone. Owing to the xanthone chemical structure, MGF has a redox active aromatic system and has antioxidant properties. MGF exerts varied and impressive metabolic effects in animals, improving metabolic disorders. For example we have discovered that MGF is novel activator of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to enhancement of carbohydrate utilization in oxidative metabolism, and leading to increased insulin sensitivity in animal models of obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, recent unbiased proteomics studies revealed that MGF upregulates proteins pivotal for mitochondrial bioenergetics and downregulates proteins controlling de novo lipogenesis in liver, helping to explain protective effects of MGF in prevention of liver steatosis. Several chemical studies have achieved synthesis of MGF, suggesting possible synthetic strategies to alter its chemical structure for development of structure-activity relationship (SAR) information. Ultimately, chemical derivatization studies could lead to the eventual development of novel therapeutics based upon the parent pharmacophore structure. Here we provide comprehensive review on chemical features of MGF, synthesis of its derivatives, its pharmacokinetics and biological activities.
... For the first time we found the mangiferin in the Annonaceae family. The Annonaceae are already known to be antioxidant [15] and mangiferin is known to be a bioactive xanthonoid with vast pharmacological activities such as antibacterial [45], antiallergic [46], antidiabetic [47], antioxidative [37,48] as well as analgesic [49]. ...
An evaluation of the coloring potential of the different parts of selected plants from New Caledonia has been performed. Among them Hubera nitidissima, an Annonaceae, showed an intense yellow color on fibers. This is the first report of such a coloring potential for a Hubera sp. In this study we present dyeing results obtained with extracts from the leaves of H. nitidissima on linen, silk and wool, color characteristics, dye light-fastness and chemical identity of coloring compounds. The absorbance, K/S index and CIELab coordinates of dyed fibers were measured. Color strength values and fastness properties of the dyed fabrics were high: 7/8 in Blue scale rating. The dyed fibers were analyzed by liquid chromatography hyphenated with UV–Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry using UHPLC-DAD-HRMS (ESI-QTOF) instrumentation. We identified two xanthones: mangiferin and homomangiferin together with quercetin glycosides. The hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves was screened for its free radical scavenging properties (DPPH) and showed significant antioxidant activity (26.5 μg/mL). The presence of mangiferin in the Annonaceae family is attested here for the first time. As a result of our study, H. nitidissima appears as an excellent source of light-fast yellow dye with interesting antioxidant properties.
... Mangiferin, C 19 H 18 O 11 , a glucoxanthone (1,3,6,7tetrahydroxyxanthone-C 2-毬-D-glucoside) has been reported to be present in various parts of Mangifera indica viz leaves [1] , fruits, stem bark, roots [2] and heartwood [3] . Mangiferin has attracted considerable interest in view of its numerous pharmacological activities, including antibacterial [3] , antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiHIV [4] , antidiabetic [5] , antioxidative [6] , anthelminthic, antiallergic [7] and antiinflammatory activity [8] , antiviral [9] , inducer of macrophage activation [10] . ...
... Mangiferin, C 19 H 18 O 11 , a glucoxanthone (1,3,6,7tetrahydroxyxanthone-C 2-毬-D-glucoside) has been reported to be present in various parts of Mangifera indica viz leaves [1] , fruits, stem bark, roots [2] and heartwood [3] . Mangiferin has attracted considerable interest in view of its numerous pharmacological activities, including antibacterial [3] , antitumor, immunomodulatory and antiHIV [4] , antidiabetic [5] , antioxidative [6] , anthelminthic, antiallergic [7] and antiinflammatory activity [8] , antiviral [9] , inducer of macrophage activation [10] . In Cuba, mangiferin is traditionally used as an antiinflammatory, analgesic and also as an antioxidant under brand name Vimang®. ...
To screen different analogues of mangiferin pharmacologically for antipyretic activity.
The naturally occurring xanthone glycoside mangiferin was isolated by column chromatography from the ethanolic extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica. Mangiferin was further converted to 5-(N-phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin, 5-(N-p-chlorophenylamino methyleno) mangiferin, 5-(N-2-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin, 5-(N-p-methoxy phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin, 5-(N, N-diphenylamino methyleno) mangiferin, 5-(N-α-napthylamino methyleno) mangiferin and 5-(N-4-methyl phenylamino methyleno) mangiferin analogues. The synthesized compounds were further screened for antipyretic activity along with mangiferin at a dose level of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Mangiferin and its analogues were characterized by melting point andR(f)value determination and through spectral technique like UV, IR, and NMR spectral analysis.
The antipyretic activity of mangiferin as well as all analogues was found to be more significant in at higher dose ie. 200 mg/kg which was depicted through a decrease in rectal temperature up to 3 h.
The antipyretic activity of mangiferin and its analogues may be attributed to inhibition in synthesis of TNF-α and anti-oxidant activity associated with amelioration of inflammatory actions of cytokines.
Background
Gastric cancer is a serious health issue caused by H. pylori and claims more lives in developing and undeveloped countries. Hence, the need for a natural drug with several pharmacological activities with no adverse effect are highly recommended. The target of this study was to verify the anti-H. pyloric efficacy of mangiferin (MF) on H. pylori-infected AGS cells.
Materials and methods
AGS cells were co-cultured with H. pylori and incubated with increased concentration of MF (10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/mL) or amoxicillin (AMX) and DMSO (control) group to assess its anti-H. pyloric effect by checking inhibitory zone, bacterial drug sensitivity test (MIC and MBC), adhesion and invasive property and various inflammatory markers.
Results
Co-culturing of H. pylori-infected AGS cells with MF (100 μg) considerably increased (p<0.05) the inhibitory zone as well as substantially lowered (p<0.05) in the levels of MBC and MIC with decreased adhesion and invasive property in a dose-dependent manner and thus endorsing its anti H. pyloric activity and are almost equivalent to antibiotic AMX. Meanwhile, inflammatory markers such as NF-κΒ subunit p65, interleukins-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were also markedly suppressed (p<0.01) on treatment with MF. In addition, the protein expression of inflammatory enzymes like COX-2 and iNOS were notably downregulated (p<0.05) in AGS cells incubated with MF.
Conclusion
We, concluded that MF treatment with H. pylori-infected AGS cells significantly suppressed the adhesion and invasion process as well as deactivated NF-p65 thereby blocking inflammatory response and thus lower the incidence of gastric carcinoma.
Mango (Mangifera indica L) which belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae,
is a rich source of biologically active compound mangiferin, which is a natural
xanthone C-glucoside. Mangiferin, (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy xanthone-C2-b-Dglucoside),
has been isolated from various parts of Mangifera indica. Mangiferin is
a pharmacologically active phytochemical present in large amount in bark, fruits,
roots and leaves of Mangifera indica. Mangiferin has been traditionally used in
some parts of world as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, antipyretic,
antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral, immunomodulatory, anthelminthic and in
obesity treatment. The present work is aimed to isolate mangiferin by column
chromatography from the ethanolic extract of flowering buds of Mangifera indica
L and assess its antibacterial activity. The conclusive structure of the isolated
compound was established using TLC, HPLC, UV/VIS, FTIR and NMR spectral
analysis. In vitro antibacterial activity of the isolated mangiferin was studied on
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by agar disc-diffusion techniques. The
solutions of the isolated mangiferin showed activity with regard to various strains
of two bacterial species: Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive) and Salmonella
typhi (Gram negative). The present study confirms the antibacterial effect of the
isolated mangiferin which could be further processed for its development as an
antibacterial agent.
Aim
Mangiferin (Mgf), a promising therapeutic polyphenol, exhibits poor oral bioavailability. Hence, apt delivery systems are required to facilitate its gastrointestinal absorption. The requisite details on its physicochemical properties have not yet been well documented in literature. Accordingly, in order to have explicit insight into its physicochemical characteristics, the present work was undertaken using GastroPlus? software.
Results
Aqueous solubility (0.38 mg/ml), log P (-0.65), Peff (0.16 ? 10?? cm/s) and ability to act as P-gp substrate were defined. Potency to act as a P-gp substrate was verified through Caco-2 cells, while Peff was estimated through single pass intestinal perfusion studies. Characterization of Mgf through transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy and powder x-ray diffraction has also been reported.
Conclusion
The values of physicochemical properties for Mgf reported in the current manuscript would certainly enable the researchers to develop newer delivery systems for Mgf.
