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Desalination of brackish water is a very suitable approach to augment the exponentially increasing fresh water demands due to uncontrolled population growth in developing countries. Keeping in view the local needs of small families residing in remote areas of the country and having no access to fresh water availability, therefore, this research has...
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... materials used for the development of solar still have been selected based on their physical and mechanical properties. The schematics of the dual acting solar still desalination system is shown in Figure 1. A 16 gauge galvanized iron (GI) sheet having thermal conductivity as 73 Wm -1 K -1 with thickness and specific weight as 1.6 mm and 11.9137 kg/m 2 respectively was used as core material for the development of 1 m 2 evaporation chamber. ...
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Citations
... Domestic sewage, waste, and discharge from agriculture and manufacturing industries are the main sources of river pollution. Groundwater sources near agricultural areas, radioactive waste landfills, municipal water supply sources, and waste dumps are mostly polluted with arsenic, iron, lead and others (Khalit 2008;Bilal et al. 2016). Water pollution increases in parallel with the country development that shows the requirement to detect water pollutants. ...
Water pollution always occurs in Malaysia due to industrial, construction, agriculture, and household activities. River pollution can disturb water supply that eventually affects business and household activities. Thus, water quality monitoring system is needed to detect contaminated water. We developed a water quality monitoring and filtration system controlled by Arduino. The proposed system was designed in Proteus software and ThingSpeak platform was used for real-time monitoring. The main objective of the study was to compare water quality of river, lake and tap water in terms of pH, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity and oxidation-reduction potential. If the water quality was not satisfied, the water sample would be filtered through filtration system. Water turbidity level, pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and oxidation-reduction potential for filtered and nonfiltered water were compared and analyzed according to international and national water quality standard. Besides that, statistical analysis such as box plot and one-way analysis of variance test was applied to validate data from the system. The real-time water quality monitoring system was implemented through data storage, data transfer, and data processing. The system was connected to wireless fidelity whereas the output data was sent to the user and monitored by ThingSpeak. The system can be further upgraded and scaled up to be applied in the main tank at our home or factory. The outcome of this research can be used as a reference for further study on lake and river pollution monitoring system.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04192-x.
... Pollution in water sources becomes a huge problem in Malaysia with the main sources of pollution come from domestic sewage, garbage, and discharge from agriculture and manufacturing businesses [3]. Arsenic, iron, lead, and other heavy metals are commonly found in groundwater sources in agricultural areas, radioactive waste landfills, municipal water supply sources, and garbage dumps [3,4]. Water pollution rises with economic progress, result in the important of detecting water pollutants. ...
Water pollution is a detrimental issue that can affect health, economy, society, flora, and fauna. Monitoring water quality is important to mitigate water pollution issues. The purpose of this research is to investigate several water quality monitoring methods based on electronics and optical sensing. Electronics and optical sensing are among common and popular methods used to monitor water quality. The smart platform is used to work together with electronics and optical sensors to assist users in controlling the system. Both methods have their own benefit such as electronics sensing being portable and easy to handle whereas optical sensing does not affect the water sample, leading to higher accuracy results. Thus, the selection of the suitable method depends on the consumer’s requirement, cost, budget, and time.
... The physical and chemical water quality (pH, TDS, Total hardness and EC) values were compliant with the WHO-2017 standards. Bilal, Ghafoor, and Munir (2016) studied a SSSS integrated with a PV/T system. The output water from the SSSS was collected and tested for water quality (pH, TDS and EC). ...
In this review, desalinated water quality analysis in various solar stills are examined. Many authors have performed experiments in solar stills along with the testing of physical and chemical water quality examinations for feed water and desalinated water. This was performed on different types of feed water, namely, ocean water, bore well water, water from lakes, tap water and synthetic water from the laboratory are investigated. This research is important to understand solar still performance for a variety of different water types. Based on the investigation, the pH and TDS value (before & after treatment) of the synthetic water, brackish water, ground water, lake water and sea water are improved and is compliant with WHO-2017 and BIS-2010 water quality standards. Water quality results of dissolved macro minerals (before & after treatment) in the water are reviewed and useful conclusions are drawn.
... Aziz et al. (2017) studied reasons for low productivity of solar still and reported that the low productivity is due to the low temperature inside the solar still, resulting in lower evaporation inside the solar still. Bilal, Ghafoor, and Munir (2016) experimented desalination of brackish water by using dual acting solar still and obtained 3.81 l/m 2 fresh water in 8 hours duration on a typical day in summer. Srithar (2007, 2009) used some materials like Baffle, pebble and sponge for thermal storage to enhance the productivity. ...
... It was assumed that maintenance of the setup was carried out for one month and one month was left out from calculation because of rainy and bad weather conditions. Therefore, 300 days are considered to be liter from MSS3, which was compatible as per Bilal, Ghafoor, and Munir (2016). Therefore, payback period of MSS3 is minimum in all the three modifications. ...
A series of experiments were carried out using conventional solar still, modified solar stills with stone chips (MSS1), sand stones (MSS2), and calcium oxide (MSS3) for the period of May 2016–Apr 2017. It was found that the distillate productivity increased in all the three versions of modified solar still (MSS). The use of heat of reaction between calcium oxide and water to preheat inlet water resulted in the increase of average distillate productivity by 26.98% as compared to conventional solar still. The results show that MSS3 gave the best result in terms of distillate productivity and payback period.
... The authors claimed that yielded desalinated water by CSP system 294 could comply with WHO water quality standards as the concentration of E. coli and 295 facial coliform were below detectable levels and water was free from Arsenic. concluded that the proposed dual acting solar still can be utilized for desalination 315 purposes in the regions with desirable climatic conditions ( Bilal et al., 2016). ...
Solar energy, as a clean form of energy, has recently attracted the attention of both industry and academia, to be used as a source of energy for green processes such as food-related processes. This review aims to explore the applicability of this green energy source for extraction of valuable components (e.g. bioactive compounds and essential
oils) from plant materials and waste biomass, dehydration of plant materials, water recovery through desalination, decontamination, cooking, and baking of agri-food products. Concentrated solar power systems (CSP) have been successfully employed for essential oil and bioactive compounds extraction, drying process, water desalination and decontamination, baking, and cooking. While CSP systems provide several benefits, such as low greenhouse gases emission and reduced production cost, their application is associated with several limitations which are taken into account in this review. Further considerations for improving the performance and applicability of CSP in the food industry are also discussed.
... The low productivity in solar still was generally caused by the low temperature of seawater [1]. An active and passive fl at plate solar still was studied and resulting in 38% effi ciency [2]. The usage of porous media as an absorber plate can cause sea water fl owed within the empty channels. ...
One of the latest development of absorber plate in solar still application is the implementation of porous media.This study aims to analyze the effect of aggregate's pore size and type towards the capillary-driven flow and evaporation process in porous media. In order to enhance the evaporation process five different types of porous media had been chosen, namely concrete consisted river sand with the particle size of 0.125 and 0.250 mm, ferrous sand concrete with particle size of 0.125 and 0.250 mm, and natural stone as the comparison material. Top side of the specimens was exposed in a heater with 18.2 W, 27.3 W and 36.4 W. The bottom side of specimen was exposed in seawater which flowed capillary and evaporated. The value of thermal conductivity and porosity in porous media greatly affect the temperature distribution caused by the heat transfer process. Specimens with smaller particle size has a higher thermal conductivity which resulting in a larger heat transfer rate. Concrete with ferrous sand as aggregate has a better heat transfer rate than river sand specimen. The largest heat transfer rate obtained in concrete with 0.125 mm ferrous sand with the value of 0.256 W, 0.402 W and 0.524 W in every power addition. The rate of mass transfer value equals to the rate of evaporation that occurs and strongly depends on the capillary force of each specimen. The evaporation rate data is proportional to the heat transfer rate of each specimen. However the natural stone specimen has a higher evaporation rate than expected due to better interconnectivities between its channels.
In this chapter, desalinated water quality analyses from various solar stills are examined. Many authors have performed experiments in solar stills along with the testing of physical and chemical water quality examinations for feed water and desalinated water. This was performed on different types of feed water, namely, ocean water, bore well water, water from lakes, tap water, and synthetic water from the laboratory are investigated. This research is important to understand solar still performance for a variety of different water types. Based on the investigation, the potential of hydrogen (pH) and total dissolved solids (TDS) value (before and after treatment) of the synthetic water, brackish water, groundwater, lake water, and seawater are improved and is compliant with WHO-2017 and BIS-2010 water quality standards. Water quality results of dissolved macro minerals (before and after treatment) in the water are discussed and useful conclusions are drawn.
