Fig 2 - uploaded by Gederts Ievinsh
Content may be subject to copyright.
Schematic view of generative and vegetative shoots of Eryngium maritimum showing the principle of discrimination between same and different ramets.
Source publication
Scientific attention needs to be paid not only to coastal habitat conservation, but also to specific needs of particularly rare or endangered species of protected habitats. The aim of the present study was to obtain additional evidence on the clonal character of growth of Eryngium maritimum by demographic analysis of one subpopulation in Latvia dur...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... stem extending from the soil or a number of associated leaves extending from a common point in soil was defined as a "shoot". A separately located shoot was registered as a "ramet". Several individual shoots within a circle of 10 cm were registered as belonging to one ramet with the same coordinates, recording location of the centre (Fig. 2). If distance between shoots were larger than 10 cm, they were recorded as separate ramets. The number of flowers and number of leaves was determined for each shoot in each ramet. "Individual" was defined in a temporal context, based on spatial distribution of ramets for each particular year, as a ramet appearing at the same location ...
Citations
... In addition, ramet growth, along with producing bulbils and producing seeds through selfing may be critical for new population establishment. Ramet growth was also found as an important mechanism for maintaining populations of congenic species of E. horridum and E. maritimum (Fidelis et al., 2008;Ievinsh et al., 2020), and may be a common means for population maintenance among Eryngium species that invest heavily in rhizomatous growth. ...
... While the presence of bud-bearing roots is indicated for E. maritimum, it is not characterized as clonal [3]. However, several researchers have indicated that the species possesses characteristics of clonal growth [271][272][273]. However, there does not seem to be sufficient experimental evidence at present to classify this species among the clonal halophytes. ...
... However, there is an assumption that non-clonal plant species can develop some type of CGO in special situations. It has been suggested that the seasonal appearance of new shoots of Eryngium maritimum depends on growth initiation in dormant vegetative buds on roots at different depths relative to the soil level, which causes the shoots to "move" relative to where they were situated in the previous season [273]. However, there is no reason to believe that this process is associated with substrate salinity. ...
Plant modularity-related traits are important ecological determinants of vegetation composition, dynamics, and resilience. While simple changes in plant biomass resulting from salt treatments are usually considered a sufficient indicator for resistance vs. susceptibility to salinity, plants with a clonal growth pattern show complex responses to changes in environmental conditions. Due to physiological integration, clonal plants often have adaptive advantages in highly heterogeneous or disturbed habitats. Although halophytes native to various heterogeneous habitats have been extensively studied, no special attention has been paid to the peculiarities of salt tolerance mechanisms of clonal halophytes. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to identify probable and possible halophytic plant species belonging to different types of clonal growth and to analyze available scientific information on responses to salinity in these species. Examples, including halophytes with different types of clonal growth, will be analyzed, such as based on differences in the degree of physiological integration, ramet persistence, rate of clonal expansion, salinity-induced clonality, etc.
... The most important traits of eryngo in food industries and various local foods are related to leaf growth and vegetative yield (Khoshbakht et al., 2007). Due to the photosynthesis process and subsequent secondary metabolites biosynthesis, leaf dimension and traits involving biomass are the most important parameters to be considered in agronomy and breeding/genomics programs (Ievinsh et al., 2020;Li et al., 2021). ...
... Baltic coast (N56°48′4″, E21°4′4″) (Ievinsh et al., 2020). In a study on the diversity of morphological and biochemical traits of 52 froriepia (Froriepia subpinnata Ledeb. ...
Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum Trautv) a widespread species of the Apiaceae reveals high nutritional value and therapeutic properties due to the significant content of biologically active metabolites such as essential oils, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical variability and antioxidant properties of naturally grown populations of eryngo. One‐way ANOVA showed significant (p < .01) differences in the majority of parameters measured among the studied populations. The range of fresh weight was from 1.3 to 12.0 g/plant, while dry weight varied from 0.01 to 6.0 g/plant. The highest variation was observed for essential oil yield (CV = 205.32%) followed by essential oil content (CV = 126.23%) and chicoric acid content (CV = 71.18%). Total phenolics content varied from 8.85 to 88.15 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoids value ranged from 5.41 to 134.40 mg QE/g extract. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid contents varied from 0.118–1.234 and 0.014–0.597 μg/g DW, respectively. DPPH free radical scavenging activity varied from 76.12 to 513.5 μg/mL, while it ranged from 156.7 to 477.1 μg/mL with the ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating assay. Rosmarinic acid and chicoric acid showed a significant and positive correlation (r0.01 = 0.81 and r0.05 = 0.40) with total phenolics, respectively. The Ward dendrogram analysis revealed two different clusters based on the parameters measured, confirming high morpho‐phytochemical variability among the individuals and populations. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed eight PCs which contributed to 99.97% of the overall variance, and leaf length, essential oil content, and antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH and Fe2+ chelating techniques were the most effective attributes for characterizing and selecting the studied population. Based on the traits related to vegetative yield and antioxidant properties, eight individuals from two populations were superior for breeding and/or farming programs. The present study was performed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical variability and antioxidant properties of naturally grown populations of eryngo.
In Germany, including Lower Saxony, Eryngium maritimum (Sea Holly) is a highly endangered plant species protected by law. The species is known mainly from shifting dunes with Ammophila arenaria (EU habitat type 2120) and from younger calcareous soils of fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation (EU habitat type 2130). Eryngium maritimum was reported from all the large East Frisian Islands before 1900. The aim of this study was to re-map the distribution of this species along the coast of Lower Saxony, particularly in the Lower Saxon Wadden Sea National Park, and to record the habitats in which it occurs. Methods: E. maritimum was mapped with a mobile App-based geographic information system by rangers and other staff of the National Park Authority in 2020. On Spiekeroog, due to the large number of individual plants, mapping started in 2018, In addition, in 2022 some areas on the mainland not originally foreseen (i.e. Wangerland, Cuxhaven) were surveyed. The number of vegetative and flowering individuals were recorded. In general, shoots within 10 cm of each other were considered to be from a single plant, but sometimes a clear differentiation was not possible. To compare former and recent distribution, old records from the NLWKN (Lower Saxon agency for water bodies, flood protection and nature conservation) and the BfN (Federal Agency for Nature Conservation) were used. To determine the importance of sand accretion (wind-blown sand) to species distribution, relationships to coastal defence dunes as well as habitat types were studied. Results: E. maritimum is recorded from 73 standardised grid cells of about 1.2 × 1.8 km (“Minutenfelder”/grid cells) in Lower Saxony in the period 1981–2022. In more than 50% of these “Minutenfelder” (grid cells) with records between 1981–2015, E. maritimum was confirmed; it was firstly recorded in 16 of 73 “Minutenfelder” (grid cells). The measured population in Lower Saxony is over 55,000 individuals, with the largest numbers on the islands of Spiekeroog and Wangerooge. The most suitable habitats for the species were those characterised by low to moderate sand accretion. Thus, more than 75% of the plants occur in dunes without coastal defence measures or in areas seawards of the coastal defence measures. Dunes which form part of coastal defences are regularly planted more or less with Ammophila arenaria or Calammophila baltica. Regarding the dune series, 85% of the plants are found in the zone from the higher beach landwards to young grey dunes. With succession towards older grey and brown dunes the number of individuals declined. In contrast to the positive impact of sand accretion, rabbits have a negative impact on the population size of Sea Holly. The populations of Sea Holly were larger on islands without rabbits. On islands with high grazing pressure by rabbits (Borkum, Memmert, Norderney, Baltrum, Minsener Oog) no or only very few individuals of Sea Holly occurred.
