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The selection of the correct materials for a design is a key step in the process because it is the crucial decision that links computer calculations and lines on an engineering drawing with a working design. Materials, and manufacturing processes which convert the material into a useful part, underpin all of engineering design. In the relation of d...
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... in design has increased in recent years. The adoption of concurrent engineering method in design and manufacturing has reinforced the fact that materials and manufacturing are closely linked in determining final product performance [4]. The bicycle frame is consists of two triangles, a main triangle and a paired rear triangle as shown in Fig. 1. The main triangle consists of the head tube, top tube and seat tube. The head tube contains the headset which primarily interfaces with the fork. The top tube connects the head tube to the seat tube at the top, and the down tube connects the head tube to the bottom bracket shell. The rear triangle connects the rear dropout which ...
Citations
... This transition is well documented in the literature, where studies underscore the advantages of composites in terms of their high strength-to-weight ratio and the ability to tailor mechanical properties to specific design requirements. These characteristics make composites particularly suited for high-performance bicycles, catering to the needs of professional racers and cycling enthusiasts alike [3]. ...
This work focusses on identifying the optimal stacking sequence for composite tubes in mountain bike frames using a data-driven model combined with evolutionary algorithms. The objective is to find a frame that is sufficiently stiff while meeting the requirements of weight, strength, and minimum tube wall thickness. The decision variables are the ply winding angles and the ply thicknesses of each tube. The study performs designs for two load cases-Starting and Uphill-and explores two types of winding: the gradual winding of individual layers (1ply) and the winding of layers between predefined inner and outer layers with variable thicknesses (TW). Additionally, the design process is applied to frames made of isotropic materials, such as steel, aluminium, and titanium, using the same methodology to allow for comparison of results. The article demonstrates the successful application of this methodology to common sports equipment, suggesting its potential for beneficial use in other common composite frame structures. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Corneliu-Rontescu et al. (2020) conducted FEM simulations to determine the best frame material and Ti6Al4V showed the highest strength-to-weight ratio but was cost-prohibitive [8]. Maleque et al. (2018) proposed a variable output shaft-driven system that provided a wide torque range comfortable for seated and standing cycling [9]. Lin et al. (2015) discussed the stress analysis and optimization of bicycle frame designs utilizing computer-aided engineering [10]. ...
... Ti6Al4V was the best option considering all the criteria, with a cost per kg of 45 euros. In another study, M. A. Maleque et al. [9] used five different materials -Steel, Ti alloy, Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer (KFRP), Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP), and Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP)-and found that KFRP was the best suitable material for bicycle frames, followed by AISI 102. In this study, simulation is conducted to find equivalent Elastic Strain, Stress, and Total Deformation data. ...
This study aims to enhance the design of shaft-driven bicycles through rigorous engineering analysis and simulation. A hypoid gear system is proposed to replace conventional chain drives, offering advantages in power transmission and reduced maintenance. Finite element analysis of potential frame materials identified Kevlar fiber-reinforced polymer as optimal due to its high strength-to-weight ratio. A diamond-shaped frame was chosen as the frame shape for its inherent structural rigidity. An iterative process optimized a detailed bicycle model by integrating a hypoid gear assembly as a power transmission medium. Additional simulations evaluated performance metrics like moment of inertia, bending moment, and shear stress to refine gear geometry, and structural analysis of potential hypoid gear materials, including titanium alloy, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and gray cast iron under simulated loading provided quantitative validation for material selection. Simulation outputs demonstrated aluminium alloy 1060's superiority over alternatives in withstanding stresses. The feasibility of an efficient shaft-driven bicycle employing hypoid gears was proven through comprehensive engineering design and analysis efforts. This overcomes previous limitations regarding weight and complexity. The proposed design would enhance efficiency while simplifying assembly and maintenance against chain drives, promoting more sustainable urban mobility.
... Material selection CUP and study shows that Kevlar Fibre-epoxy Reinforced Plastic is the most suitable material for the purpose. [5] 3.Designing ofAlternate mechanical There are many attempts made by various reliable transmission systems for bicycle some of them are Shaft Driven, Bevel Gear driven Gear Driven and many more. ...
... For experimental research 3 types of materials were taken, and it was found that alfa beta titanium alloy is Optimum material for the application, but due to its high cost it finds difficulties in mass utility. M. A. Maleque et al in their paper [5] they explain the contribution of material selection. Material stages includes mathematical model, general material performance requirement, initial screening of material and optimum material selection. ...
In today’s world where we are surrounded by the smoke emitting vehicles, we must come up with more effective and sustainable solutions for transport. One of which is electric vehicles and other being bicycle.Since the innovation of bicycles till date a lot of improvements are done in its design, utility, and applications. Bicycle riding is one earliest modes of transport. Being so, it is the cleanest way of transportation as does not create any waste out of it. Bicycle riding is also considered as one the most effective ways of exercising. Bicycles find the largest market in the vehicle industry as it attracts small kids right from the age of 4yrs to senior citizen. The advancement in the field of ergonomics plays vital role in doing so.The developments on design and power transmissions have also up lifted the bar for utility. Due to this the application of bicycles now is not limited to simple exercising, racing, or travelling but also in the field of adventure sports, mountain climbing etc.
... --173--Şekil 2: Enerji hacmi değerlendirmesi (Maleque & Dyuti, 2010) Bataryaların kapasitesi, aynı zamanda voltaj değerlendirmesinde kullanılabilir. Bu ilişki Şekil 3'de verilmiştir. ...
sürekli yenilenmektedir. Ancak bu gelişmeler bazı zorlukları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Yeni sistemlere adapte olmak, mevcut sistemlerde sorunlarla karşılaşmak ve bu sorunlara çözüm bulmak mühendislik alanında çalışan herkesin karşılaştığı ortak bir durumdur. Bu kitap, mühendislik uygulamalarındaki başlıca sorunlara odaklanmakta ve çözüm önerileri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Mühendislik profesyonellerinin yeni sistemlere adaptasyon sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar ve bu sorunların nasıl çözülebileceği konusunda bilgi ve deneyimlerini paylaşmayı amaçlıyoruz. Kitabımızda ayrıca, mühendislik uygulamalarında karşılaşılan sorunlara farklı bakış açılarıyla yaklaşarak okuyuculara yeni perspektifler kazandırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Her birimizin farklı deneyim ve bilgi birikimine sahip olduğunu göz önünde bulundurarak bu kitabın sizlere faydalı olacağını umuyoruz.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um quadro de bicicleta no qual se tivesse como principais parâmetros resistência mecânica, leveza e custo-benefício, tendo como abordagem para desenvolvimento, primordialmente, a metodologia de seleção de materiais conhecido como Método Ashby. Na sequência, fez-se a definição do design ergonômico para uso urbano, a modelagem utilizando-se das ferramentas Autodesk Inventor® e a utilização da metodologia de Análise de Elementos Finitos - MEF (Finite Element Analyses – FEA) com o “software” ANYS®. Estes caminhos foram escolhidos por tornarem a concepção do projeto moderna e com o detalhamento que não seria possível com a utilização de ferramentas tradicionais. Com o uso do método Ashby foi determinada a utilização do compósito de fibra de aramida em matriz epóxi para a construção do quadro, seguido da análise pelo método dos elementos finitos, onde obteve-se a confirmação da rigidez e baixa massa do quadro, seguindo parâmetros que melhorem a ergonomia do usuário.
