Figure 4 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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Schematic showing the manual hydrograph separation from Barnes' method. The segment between A, B and the time axis represents the base-flow, while the supper one is the runoff flow. Adapted of Costa and Bacellar (2010).
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Since groundwater and surface waters are important components of the hydrological system, determining their interaction is essential for the efficient management of water resources by predicting the consequences of interference, whether due to the growth of demand or due to climate change. However, integrated scientific studies on these water resou...
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... Dentre os 351 artigos recuperados nesta revisão bibliográfica, 18 foram desenvolvidos com enfoque em casos brasileiros. Dentre estes, 8 ocuparam-se da avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica do ponto de vista quantitativo (CAVAZZANA et al. 2019, SIMEDO et al. 2020, SANTOS et al. 2020, CONICELLI et al. 2021, SANTAROSA et al. 2022, ROSA et al. 2023, BAPTISTA et al. 2023. Outros 5 artigos enfocaram aspectos de qualidade da água dos aquíferos (VIEIRA et al. 2020, SILVA & MATTOS 2020, SILVA et al. 2021, FRANCELINO et al. 2022. ...
A segurança das águas subterrâneas faz parte da segurança hídrica para manutenção do abastecimento e atividades humanas, vital para o desenvolvimento de uma região e da sociedade. O presente trabalho consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos relacionados à segurança hídrica subterrânea, por meio da busca de artigos com as palavras-chave “water security” (segurança hídrica), “groundwater” (água subterrânea) e “aquifer” (aquífero)” nas bases Scopus, Compedex e Web of Science, no período entre 2019 e 2023. A busca resultou em 351 artigos que foram armazenados no gerenciador de referências Zotero e depois analisadas pelo software VOSViewer e planilhas eletrônicas. Há uma produção de cerca de 70 artigos por ano sobre o assunto, sendo os temas mais discutidos relativos a balanço hídrico, quantidade e qualidade das águas, e evolução do uso e ocupação da terra em regiões semiáridas e/ou populosas. Os países com número mais expressivo de trabalhos são a China, Índia, Estados Unidos e Brasil. A África do Sul e Irã apresentam artigos com maior número de citações, decorrente dos bem conhecidos casos de escassez aguda de recursos hídricos em clima semiárido a árido. Os métodos utilizados são os hidrológicos (séries temporais de chuva e vazão), com destaque para aqueles que analisam o escoamento básico combinado com técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Foram analisados com maior detalhe os artigos que focam na disponibilidade hídrica subterrânea, associada ao aumento de demanda por causa do crescimento populacional, qualidade das águas subterrâneas e seus impactos. Como tendência mais recente, verifica-se o uso de modelos acoplados que visam estimar o balanço hídrico de uma área (bacia hidrográfica), simular a vazão de rios e elaborar cenários (tanto otimistas como pessimistas) para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Em relação à qualidade da água, destacam-se os índices de qualidade (diversos métodos) e sua cartografação, a partir da sobreposição das áreas de vulnerabilidade com ouso e ocupação da terra. Os estudos de governança consistem em análises socioeconômicas em áreas de conflitos de uso da água, além do desenvolvimento de indicadores de sustentabilidade para subsidiar decisões de gerenciamento. A revisão sistemática da literatura revelou que os estudos em desenvolvimento no Brasil têm acompanhado as técnicas e abordagens mais modernas que vêm sendo empregadas em estudos internacionais.
... Hoelzel (2018) evaluated the acid mine drainage and the connectivity between aquifer and river in coal mines using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes. The analysis of river hydrographs aiming to evaluate base flow and aquifer recharge was studied by Melati (2018), Cavazzana et al. (2019), Oliveira et al. (2020), and Rosa (2018). Arantes (2003), Arantes et al. (2006), and Arcari (2018) used seepage meters and observation wells to compute the GW-SW interactions (dynamics of water levels) in a creek. ...
The alluvial plains are transition areas between terrestrial and aquatic environments where the groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) interactions occur. They are subject of the present study, using hydrochemistry and environmental isotopes. Two water sampling campaigns in dry and wet season for physicochemical and natural isotopes analysis provided 44 groundwaters samples and water table level measurements from monitoring wells, and eight waters samples from river, creek, and lake. In the dry season, lake and creek waters presented TDS (< 3.64 mg.L‐1), and high values of TDS in groundwater and river (average 47.71 and 108.7 mg.L‐1, respectively), showing CaMgHCO3, NaHCO3, NaHCO3Cl types, and precipitation prevalence. However, GW‐SW interaction occurred in CaMgCl and CaMgSO4 groundwaters with TDS varying from 93.8 to 164.7 mg.L‐1, and weathering dominance close to riverbanks. The TDS, sulfate and sodium were monitoring markers of this interaction. In the wet season, superficial waters and groundwater were more diluted, presenting CaMgHCO3, NaHCO3, NaHCO3Cl types and precipitation dominance. Overall, the ion exchange was the main hydrochemical process. The δ18O, δ2H and d‐excess indicated groundwater recharge with a weak evaporation process, rainwater mixture and water ‐ rock interaction. Maps of distribution of ions, isotopes and d‐excess showed GW‐SW interaction along the riverbanks and depleted groundwater in large portion of the alluvial plain. The alluvial plains are susceptible areas to precipitation changes due to fast and direct infiltration. Their monitoring can be essential to understand the climate variability and reducing impacts in the shallow aquifer that sustain forests and human life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... This aquifer system is one of the most important in the state as 32.9% of the registered wells exploit water from it, and 7.8% collect water from this system combined with the SGAS (SEMAC, 2010). It is responsible for the discharge of regional groundwater into important rivers in MS, such as the Pardo, Verde and Sucuriú Rivers as well as smaller rivers from the Paraná Hydrographic Basin, as demonstrated by Cavazzana et al. (2019) in a small watershed within this area. Regarding pH values, there are variations from 5.5 to 7.2 (Sanesul/Tahal, 1998) that can be explained by the heterogeneous sedimentary deposits in this group, containing calcite cement in some layers. ...
This study presents the importance of groundwater in the social and economic development of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), in the southern portion of Midwest Brazil. The Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and Pantanal wetlands occupy most of their territories, which also incorporate forest formations from the Atlantic Forest, all three considered part of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. MS encompasses two important watersheds on a continental scale, the Paraná and Paraguay watersheds that form complex river systems and underlying groundwater systems. The state is one of the largest agricultural producing states of Brazil, with a small total population, but with relevant vulnerable communities. Furthermore, the state has a major part of the largest wetland ecosystem in the world, the Pantanal. We aim to broaden the debate about groundwater management in the state and the proposal of a good groundwater governance agenda, contributing to the state’s sustainable development. This chapter is organised into six sections: the first introduces the study area; the second presents its location; the third presents the aquifer systems in the region; the fourth discusses the main economic activities; the fifth and the sixth sections address some social aspects and environmental issues, respectively; the final section contains the authors’ opinion on the challenges faced by the state to pursue the sustainable development and the improvement of groundwater governance.
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The present study evaluated the spatiotemporal variation in concentration of cadmium, lead and copper ions in groundwater wells in the stratigraphic subdivision “Santo Anastácio” that belongs to the Bauru aquifer system in the western region of São Paulo State. Exploratory statistics methods were employed to investigate the response of the concentration of these metals in the aquifer through the pluviometric index of the region. The results show a direct dependence of the mean monthly flow of the metals in the groundwaters to the monthly rainfall flow. The observed behavior was cyclic with a gradual increase and decrease in the flow throughout time. Two groups of cyclic variation were identified. The seasonality of the mean monthly flow of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was inversely proportional to the magnitude of the pluviometric index of the region studied. Meanwhile, the seasonality of Cu2+ was directly correlated to the seasonable rainfall variability. These behaviors lead us to point out that cadmium and lead come from minerals present in the aquifer itself and the presence of copper in groundwater is associated with an anthropogenic action due to the region’s agricultural activity. The study helps us better comprehend the behavior of the whole groundwater system through a comparison with temporal hydrogeochemistry.
... Hydraulic heads of Guariroba's APA wells were obtained in same expedition during an interval less than 24 hours and special care was taken to avoid pumping operations in last 2 days before measurement (Cavazzana et al., 2019). In Juazeiro do Norte city, hydraulic heads were provided by an annual Hydrological Resources Management Company of Ceará State (Companhia de Gestão de Recursos Hídricos do Estado do Ceará -COGERH) report. ...
... Its Köppen climatic classification is Aw, i.e. rainy summer and dry winter. Figure 4 shows annual distribution of medium temperature and accumulated rainfall between 1996 and 2012 (Campo Grande, 1995Grande, , 2008Grande, , 2013Cavazzana et al., 2019). ...
... Sedimentologic analysis of geological units of Caiuá Group shows the presence of fine sandstone, well (1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012). Adapted from Campo Grande (1995Grande ( , 2008Grande ( , 2013, Cavazzana et al. (2019). (Guariroba's APA and Juazeiro do Norte) ...
We investigated the influence of fictitious boundary distance, a parameter of MFS, to determine piezometric levels of two unconfined sedimentary aquifers assuming Dupuit-Forchheimer and steady-state flow hypothesis. Two study areas were modelled: Guariroba’s Environmental Protection Area, in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, and Juazeiro do Norte City, in Ceará State, Brazil. It was observed that in order to use the MFS as a numerical method in modeling groundwater flow, it is necessary to determine the best distance value of the fictitious boundary. This value can be chosen from the use of field data within the analyzed domain, where the relative error is a parameter to be minimized. Applying this methodology and comparing with the results of the MODFLOW application for the same set of initial data, we concluded that the MSF allows to estimate the piezometric level values within the analyzed domains and that the results of the statistical comparison between them point to the need to investigate the representativeness of both methods to determine which one is most appropriate for modelling the groundwater flow in each region.
This paper aims to evaluate recharge methods and the relationship between precipitation pattern and variation of groundwater levels of the Serra Geral Aquifer System in the region of Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul. The study was carried out in an experimental basin that contains 4 deep wells inserted in the fractured aquifer, monitored from October 2020 to May 2022, and 2 piezometers installed in the phreatic aquifer, monitored from October 2021 to July 2022. As a result, it was found that the response of the fractured aquifer to precipitation events is on average 27 days. Also, there is a greater response of the aquifer to precipitation events with a volume greater than or equal to 50 mm/day. Recharge estimates through the water balance method represented about 24% and 18% of the total precipitation for the years 2020 and 2021, respectively. Whilst with the Water Table Fluctuation method, the estimated recharge of the fractured aquifer ranged from 3.6 to 6.8% of the total precipitation. In contrast, for the granular aquifer, recharge values ranged from 19.4 to 35.6% of the total precipitation. These results demonstrate that the recharge of the fractured aquifer is lower, which should be taken into account in recharge studies and reserve estimates. Therefore, when using recharge methods that do not take into account this difference between fractured and phreatic aquifers, it is possible that recharge estimates are overestimated and, consequently, will not reflect the reality of fractured aquifer recharge.
