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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to show somatotype and physical characteristic differences between elite boxing athletes and non-athletes. [Methods] The somatotypes of 23 elite boxing athletes and 23 nonathletes were measured with the Heath-Carter method. The subjects were divided into four weight divisions as follows: lightweight, light mi...
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... the biepicondylar humerus and biepicondylar femur were measured with a large anthro- pometer. Finally, the triceps brachii, subscapular, suprail- iac, and calf skinfold thicknesses were determined with a medical skinfold caliper (Jamar, Anaheim, CA, USA). Mea- surement results were then interpreted with the modified somatotype method [10][11][12] (Fig. 3). The somatotypes were classified as endomorphic, mesomorphic, ectomorphic, and balanced types. They were further broken into 13 subcat- egories: balanced endomorph (Ben, the endomorphic com- ponent is dominant, and the values of the mesomorphic and ectomorphic components do not differ by more than 0.5), mesomorphic endomorph (Men, the ...
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... On the contrary, the groups of athletes involved in water and combat sports, namely, canoe paddling and Graeco-Roman wrestling, revealed the highest average values of mesomorphy equalling 5.4 and 5.7, respectively. In our research, the level of mesomorphy expression (5.4) in combat sports athletes was relatively higher compared to the average mesomorphy value (5.0, 95% CI 4.6; 5,4) identified in combat sports athletes (wrestlers, boxers, taekwondists, and judokas) from other countries such as Korea [60], Ukraine [13], Turkey [9,[61][62][63], Mexico [64], Germany [65], Malaysia [66], Spain [67], Croatia [68], Columbia [69], Poland [70,71], Montenegro [72], Algerian [73], Brazil [74], India [75] and Uzbekistan [76]. This study, along with the previous study carried out in Lithuania by Gutnik et al. [19], highlighted high values of mesomorphy (5.4 and 6.2) in canoe paddlers exceeding the average mesomorphy index (4.8, ...
Relevant properties of the somatotype as important indicators can be associated with the body composition characteristics as well as both metabolic and bio-mechanical efficiency of athletes in the sport concerned. The primary aim of this single cross-sectional study was to determine the somatotype profiles in association with body composition and nutritional profiles among Lithuanian elite athletes (n = 189) involved in water, cycling and combat sports. The body composition along with the somatotype profiles and the nutritional status of athletes were evaluated using a battery of multiple frequency (5, 50, 250, 550, and 1000 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and a 3-day food record analysis. In terms of the prediction for athletes to be classified as endomorphs, mesomorphs or ectomorphs, the linear discriminant analysis was conducted to assess the grouping of samples. Both the multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression statistical analyses were performed to explore the associations between the independent and dependent variables. The central tendency values for the somatotype components of endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy in athletes playing water, cycling and combat sports were 4.3–4.9–3.4, 4.3–4.8–3.4 and 4.5–5.5–2.9, respectively. The central mesomorph somatotype with a trend towards endomorphy was dominant and varied according to a high muscle-to-fat ratio in elite athletes. Significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive associations between both endomorphy and mesomorphy values and higher body fat percentage as well as lower and upper limb muscle mass were identified. The lower levels of trunk muscle mass were related to athletes’ endomorphy and mesomorphy, too. Furthermore, in the athletes’ sample under analysis, high-level mesomorphs were prone to consume low-carbohydrate (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2; 0.9) and high-protein diets (AOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.1; 5.5). Contrastingly, the elite athletes with a higher expression of endomorphy were on high-carbohydrate (AOR 5.4, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3) and high-fat diets (AOR 4.6, 95% CI 1.5; 7.1) along with insufficient protein diet (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1; 0.9). Finally, whilst nutrition goals as a mediator can play a significant role in undergoing the maintenance of balance between the optimal body composition for athletic performance and the development of an ecto-mesomorphic somatotype, the elite athletes with higher levels of endomorphy value should be aware of lowering the body fat percentage coupled with dietary fat reduction and higher protein intakes. The findings obtained from the study may serve as an antecedent for a more targeted management of the elite athletes’ training process. Somatotyping as an additional assessment method can be successfully deployed in choosing correct coaching techniques, contributing to talent recognition processes or identifying reference morphometric parameters in elite athletes competing in water, cycling and combat sports.
... -2.85, classifying them as balanced mesomorphs. This outcome aligns with the somatotypes reported for elite boxers by Noh et al. (2014). Notably, Indian boxers exhibit higher levels of muscularity and leanness in comparison to Turkish male wrestlers (Bal et al. 2021). ...
Introducción: La utilización del somatotipo antropométrico es prevalente en el deporte. Es ampliamente aceptado el reconocimiento de un prototipo físico compartido y su vínculo con el rendimiento deportivo en los deportistas. Por lo tanto, es crucial explorar este aspecto entre los atletas indios. El estudio intentó recopilar y analizar sistemáticamente la literatura publicada existente que cubre el período comprendido entre 2003 y junio de 2023, enfatizando particularmente la somatotipificación de los atletas indios que participan en deportes de combate y eventos de atletismo. Además, se hicieron esfuerzos para evaluar los logros destacados y las limitaciones evidentes en los trabajos publicados durante el período especificado. Métodos: Los estudios publicados se recopilaron de varias bases de datos académicas, a saber, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SCISPASE y Semantic Scholar. Se redactaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión apropiados y los estudios se seleccionaron en consecuencia. Las categorías de somatotipo de los estudios individuales se calcularon y representaron en los diagramas de somatograma siguiendo el método de Carter. Resultados: Se consideraron adecuados para su inclusión en esta revisión dieciséis estudios que incluyeron a 887 atletas (746 hombres y 141 mujeres). El subgrupo de deportes de combate estuvo integrado por 361 atletas y el subgrupo de atletismo, por 526 atletas. Los luchadores exhibieron los niveles más altos de endomorfia y mesomorfia en los deportes de combate, mientras que los boxeadores junior mostraron la ectomorfia más alta. En atletismo, los lanzadores de martillo demostraron la mayor endomorfia, los lanzadores de peso exhibieron la mayor mesomorfia y la mayor ectomorfia caracterizó a los saltadores de altura. Conclusión: Las cartas somatográficas resaltan un prototipo físico compartido entre atletas dentro del mismo deporte, particularmente evidente en las pruebas de lucha libre, lanzamiento de martillo, lanzamiento de peso y salto. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre deportes de combate respalda los estudios en atletismo. La escasez de investigaciones sobre somatotipado entre atletas de élite y atletas femeninas de la India, junto con una deficiencia en los enfoques interdisciplinarios en los estudios de cineantropometría en la India, subraya la necesidad de intensificar las investigaciones integradoras.
Introduction: The utilization of anthropometric somatotyping is prevalent in sports. Recognizing a shared physical prototype and its link to athletic performance in athletes is widely accepted. Therefore, it is crucial to explore this aspect among Indian athletes. The study attempted to systematically collect and analyse existing published literature covering the timeframe from 2003 to June 2023, particularly emphasizing the somatotyping of Indian athletes engaged in combat sports and track and field events. Additionally, efforts were made to assess the prominent accomplishments and constraints evident in the published works during the specified period. Methods: Published studies were collected from various academic databases viz., Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, SCISPASE, and Semantic Scholar. Appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria were drafted, and the studies were selected accordingly. Somatotype categories of individual studies were computed and plotted in the somatocharts following Carter's method. Results: Sixteen studies comprising 887 athletes (746 males and 141 females) were deemed suitable for inclusion in this review. The combat sports subgroup constituted 361 athletes, and the track and field subgroup comprised 526 athletes. Wrestlers exhibited the highest levels of endomorphy and mesomorphy in combat sports, while junior boxers displayed the highest ectomorphy. In track and field, hammer throwers demonstrated the
highest endomorphy, shot putters exhibited the greatest mesomorphy, and the highest ectomorphy characterized high jumpers. Conclusion: The somatocharts highlight a shared physical prototype among athletes within the same sport, notably evident in wrestling, hammer throw, shot put, and jump events. However, research on combat sports trails behind studies in track and field. The scarcity of research on somatotyping among Indian elite athletes and female athletes, coupled with a deficiency in interdisciplinary approaches in kinanthropometry studies in India, underscores the need for heightened integrative investigations.
... Previous studies have reported on anthropometric characteristics and somatotype in wrestling (Ramirez-Velez et al., 2014;Sterkowicz-Przybycień et al., 2011), judo (Casals et al., 2017;Spieser et al., 2012) and boxing (Noh et al., 2014). However, most studies which have been published have focused on male athletes, with little research available on female counterparts. ...
... Previous researches have observed a greater predominance of the mesomorphic and endomorphic component over the ectomorphic component in Wrestling and Judo (Ramirez-Velez et al., 2014;Smaruj et al., 2019;Spieser et al., 2012). In contrast, Boxers show higher levels of ectomorphy, which could imply that a leaner physique may be more DOI: 10.34256/ijk23112 advantageous for boxing's emphasis on speed and agility, although this characteristic seems to depend on the weight category (Noh et al., 2014). Significant differences in body types between sports could have implications for talent identification and training strategies (Reale et al., 2020). ...
Introduction: The aim of this study was:1) to ascertain the anthropometric characteristics of Indian female combat athletes and 2) to determine and compare the sport-specific (boxing, judo, and wrestling) somatotype of Indian female combat athletes. Method: Ninety-nine national level female combat sports athletes (40 Boxers, 25 Judokas, and 34 Wrestlers who regularly compete in national and/or international competitions, took part in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed for body mass, stature, 7 skinfold sites, 3 girths, and 2 breadths. Somatotypes for all subjects were also calculated. All measurements were statistically analyzed using pairwise comparison analysis and differences between groups were also compared. Results: Significant differences between boxing and judo for the mean value of BMI. Pairwise comparison analysis revealed significant differences in the mesomorphy component between boxing and judo (p = 0.001; 95% CI: -1.83 – -0.40) and between boxing and wrestling (p = 0.001; 95% CI: -1.69 – -0.39); as well as in the ectomorphy component between boxing and judo (p = 0.009; 95% CI: 0.16 – 1.35) and between boxing and wrestling (p = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.17 – 1.25). Conclusion: There are significant differences in anthropometric characteristics when analyzing the somatotype of Indian female combat athletes which could be attributed to the specific demands of each sport. Sport-specific training programmes that consider the anthropometric characteristics and somatotype of female athletes participating in Boxing, Judo and Wrestling should be considered by practitioners and coaches.
... INTRODUCTION B oxing is a weight categorised sport in which athletes are expected to 'weigh in' prior to competition and obtaining a certain weight is recognised as a prerequisite of the sport. 1 At all levels of competition, it is common practice for boxers to compete in a weight category which range from ~48-90 kg and above. 2,3 The purpose of weight categories is to compete with an opponent of similar size and consequently similar strength and power, but often the weight category agreed upon is much lower, between 5-10% less than natural body weight. 2,[4][5][6][7] There are a number of reported methods utilised by boxers in order to 'make weight' and as a consequence weight management is considered a central focus for all boxers especially at the elite level. ...
Introduction Boxing is a weight categorised sport in which athletes are expected to be weighed prior to competition so that the athletes are matched with similar size, strength and power attributes. By obtaining and maintaining a certain weight may result in boxers typically engaging in extreme weight loss practices to ‘make weight’, irrespective of their overall health and well-being. Therefore, this research aimed to establish the experiences and perceptions of weight management of female boxers how they engage with ‘making weight’ practices and the impact on their overall well-being. Methods In-depth semi-structured one-to-one interview’s were conducted with five elite level female amateur boxers over a digital, online platform. A six-stage thematic analysis was used and data collated into themes and sub-themes. Results Data identified 5 key themes and consisted of: emotions surrounding weight gain; long-term behavioural impacts; guidance and justifications; comparison to other boxers; and weight management methods. These accounts highlighted the long-term impact engaging in such weight loss methods had on female boxers both physically and psychologically. Conclusion Typically, boxers engaged in strict and extreme weight-loss behaviours due to negative emotions surrounding weight gain. Significantly these behaviours and emotions have a long-term impact and continue after retirement from boxing.
... The aim is to lift the most weight possible across the three movements for nine attempts (75). Sports akin to powerlifting include judo (5), weightlifting (57 and 75), boxing (69), mixed martial arts (MMA) (13) and wrestling (48 and 89) due to the physical requirements for participants to make weight to compete (15 and 71). Depending on rules of the competition, this weight requirement may be evaluated on the day of competition or twenty-four hours prior to the event (77). ...
Abstract
Purpose: There is growing evidence to suggest that competitive female athletes in certain sports that over scrutinize their body image may experience undesirable mental health outcomes. However, limited research addresses this issue in strength sports with weight class requirements. One such sport is powerlifting, which comprises the squat, bench – press and deadlift. Methods: This study used the Multidimensional Body Image Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), which recruited 174 female participants across the following subgroups. Powerlifters (P) (n = 66), Active Subjects (AF) (n = 50), Body Image sports (BI) n = 23) and Other Sports (OS) (n = 36). Results: One–way ANOVA showed significant (p < 0.05) results between all groups across seven of the nine MBSRQ subscales. Bonferroni comparisons revealed that there were ten other significant results between these groups. Conclusions: Overall, the results showed that female powerlifters expressed healthier and lower perceptions of negative body image concerns. Furthermore, female powerlifters did not present scores consistent with controlling bodyweight or fixating about being overweight. Instead, these results showed a focus on performance and health improvements. Active subjects presented the most fixation on their body weight and appearance. Applications in Sport: The study concludes that female powerlifters present healthy body image perceptions compared to the other female sporting/active groups. This may be due to the objective outcomes of the sport not relying on socially subjective assessment for validation.
... In the research carried out in Cuba on boxers, based on databases of more than 1,500 boxers participating in international competitions, their anthropometric profile is situated between the scope of 7.7 and 15.2% body fat, obesity lower than the 4th percentile channel for the most successful boxers, between 84.8% and 92.3% of fat-free mass, a predominantly balanced meso-mectomorphic or mesomorphic somatotype, as well as a relative predominance of limbs over trunk 1-3 . Related to boxing, research on the anthropometric characteristics in super heavyweights is scarce, since most studies usually make groupings out of convenience that include such subjects within very heterogeneous groups of competitive categories that are usually those greater than 81kg 1,[4][5][6][7][8] . ...
Objective: To evaluate the morphological changes of Cuban super heavyweight boxers, more and less successful, through the period 1976-2014. Material and method: Thirty super heavy boxers, who were members of the Cuban national teams in the period 1976-2014, were compared; The strategy consisted of separating the group in the periods. Sixteen anthropometric dimensions were recorded (weight, height, sitting height, six skinfold thickness, five girths and two breadths), from which the body composition and the somatotype were obtained. The data were analyzed applying the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The conglomerate analysis based on the Euclidean distance was used in order to evaluate the correspondence between physical development and sports performance. A discriminant analysis was carried out in order to analyze the contribution of the anthropometrical variables to the variance of different clusters. Results: Most of the anthropometric dimensions and indicators showed significant differences, having an impact on the increase in adiposity, body fat and endomorphy (p <0.05), as well as the decrease in the indicators dependent on height (p <0.05). The analysis by conglomerates, as well as the study of the Migratory Distances of the somatotype, showed that the Olympic medalist boxers differed in terms of the characteristics of body composition and in terms of the intensity of the somatotype changes in the period 1976-2014. Conclusions: The Cuban boxer of the super heavyweight category showed a wide range of morphological demands, but these were framed within the international trends of professional boxers. The morphological attributes of the Olympic medalists differed from each other, and from the rest of the boxers investigated over time. These results provide anthropometric data of high scientific value, both for selection and for medical control of training.
... Fifty-nine elite male taekwondo athletes (mean ± SD age: 22.02 ± 3.07 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] years) with national or international ranking participated in this study. The project was approved by the Sport Science research institute (IR.SSRC. ...
... It might also be a function of variation in the requirements to 'make the weight' for selected weight divisions, which does not feature in heavy weights preparations [7]. Other combats sports have also documented variation in the somatotypes between athletes weight divisions, but such differences appear specific to the nature of the combat sports [10,19]. ...
... These differences might be expected given the increase in height and body mass observed across the lighter to heavier weight categories. A similar trend has been observed in these variables across weight divisions in other combat sports, albeit they do not appear generalisable to taekwondo [10,19].The data in the current study might therefore better support talent identification programmes in taekwondo. ...
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric characteristics of elite taekwondo players based on weight categories, and to determine if the length of the lower extremities might influence player’s success-level. A total of 59 elite male taekwondo players (22.02 ± 3.07 years) participated in this study.Methods
All anthropometric assessments were performed according to the standards and methodology of the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry. The 18 anthropometrical variables were measured for each athlete and compared between 7 different weight categories. The players were also divided into two groups (national and international) and the ratios of sitting-height to stature were compared.ResultsThere were significant differences (P < 0.05) between weight divisions in stature, body mass index, percentage of body fat, endomorphy, and mesomorphy, which were greater (P < 0.05) in heavy weight groups than light weight groups, and ectomorphy, which was greater (P < 0.05) in very light weight groups compared with the other weights. There was no significant difference in lean mass index (P > 0.05) between weight groups. Sitting height/stature ratio was significantly different (P < 0.05) between the two groups, where the international group had longer lower extremities than the national group.Conclusion
The findings of this study provide a valuable framework to support talent identification programmes and the development of specialised preparatory strategies for different weight divisions with the sport.
... Determination of physiological characteristics in each branch is an effective factor in specifying the performance of athletes (Revan et al., 2018). In the studies conducted in weight sports such as weightlifting, judo, taekwondo and boxing, it is seen that athletes in different weight categories have different body structures (Turnagöl & Demirel, 1992;Balcı & Akkuş, 2003;Revan et al., 2018;Noh et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important to carry out studies on body structure and performance in weight sports by taking weight categories into consideration (Revan et al., 2018). ...
The aim of this study is to examine the aerobic and anaerobic performances of well trained wrestlers according to their weights. 19 young female wrestlers (age: 18.84 ± .83 years; height: 165.84 ± 4.58 cm; weight: 62.78 ± 8.81 kg; body mass index (BMI): 22.80 ± 2.94 kg/m2) voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, height, BMI, sprint, agility, jump, flexibility and 20 m shuttle run tests of the wrestlers were measured. The data obtained were recorded according to the weights of the athletes. One Factor Analysis of Variance and Kruskal Wallis H test were used to analyze the data. Tukey's multiple comparison test was conducted to find the difference between the groups. As a result of the study, a statistically significant difference was determined in terms of height, weight and BMI values of the wrestlers according to their weights (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between light and heavy weight groups in view of speed, agility, jumping, flexibility and shuttle running test performances (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the middle and heavyweight groups in speed and agility tests (p<0.05). This research shows that, the performance output of the athlete decreases as their weight increases. IZVLEČEK Namen študije je preučiti aerobno in anaerobno zmogljivosti dobro usposobljenih rokoborcev glede na njihovo težo. V tej študiji je prostovoljno sodelovalo 19 mladih rokobork (starost: 18,84 ± 0,83 let; višina: 165,84 ± 4,58 cm; teža: 62,78 ± 8,81 kg; indeks telesne mase (ITM): 22,80 ± 2,94 kg/m2). Izmerili smo telesno težo, višino, ITM, sprint, agilnost, skok, prilagodljivost in 20-m stopnjevalni tek. Za analizo podatkov smo uporabili enofaktorsko analizo variance in Kruskal Wallis H test. Za ugotavljanje razlik med skupinam smo uporabili Tukeyev test. Ugotvili smo značilne razlike glede na višino, težo in ITM borcev glede na njihovo težo (p <0,05). Ugotovljene so bile pomembne razlike med lahkimi in težkimi skupinami glede na hitrost, okretnost, skakanje, prilagodljivost in preizkušanje tekaških žogic (p <0,05). Med preskusi hitrosti in agilnosti je bila ugotovljena statistično pomembna razlika med srednjimi in težkimi skupinami (p <0,05). Ugotavljamo, da se uspešnost športnika zmanjšuje, ko se njegova teža povečuje.
... The somatotype of athletes from different martial arts, such as jiu-jitsu (Andreato et al., 2012), judo (Franchini et al., 2014), taekwondo (Bridge et al., 2014, boxing (Noh et al., 2014), karate (Sánchez-Puccini et al., 2014), mixed martial arts (Marinho et al., 2016), and greco-roman wrestling (Neogi et al., 2019) is well documented in the literature, in which the mesomorphic component (MESO) predominates. Importantly, the physique of athletes has been shown to be associated with physical performance, in which performance in combat sports is positively correlated with mesomorphism, but negatively correlated with endomorphism (Pieter & Bercades, 2009;Marinho et al., 2011). ...
This study aimed to characterize the anthropometric profile and functional performance of elite competitors in different categories in the world championship of the ABADÁ-Capoeira School. Fifty high level male athletes were divided according to their weight categories, being: light category (VIOLA: ≤ 76.9 kg; n = 15); intermediate category (MEDIO: > 77.0 kg until ≤ 85.9 kg; n = 25) and heavy category (GUNGA: ≥ 86.0 kg; n = 10). Two evaluation batteries were performed: 1) anthropometry and somatotype determination; 2) physical performance in tests of push-up, sit-up, sit-and-reach, quadrant jump test, squat jump (SJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ). The “endo-mesomorph” classification predominated in the three categories. There was a difference in the quadrant jump test between VIOLA and GUNGA subgroups (F[2.47] = 4.299; p = 0.019). Endomorphism had a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with the performance in the sit-up (r = -0.51), push-up (r = -0.39), SJ (r = -0.45), and CMJ (r = -0.49). Male elite competitors at the international level, regardless the weight category, have a predominance of the mesomorphic component of the somatotype. Moreover, all capoeira athletes were classified as excellent for the sit-and-reach, sit-up, and push-up, and the latter were positively correlated with mesomorphism. However, endomorphism was inversely associated with the sit-up, push-up, SJ, and CMJ. In this way, the present study assists coaches in the formulation of appropriate training programs aiming the development of an ideal physical composition, which will be associated with high-level performance in capoeira.
... The evaluation of a somatotype and body composition is important for the selection of sporting activities [5]. Somatotyping in elite athletes is important for studying the dynamics of development of specific body shape during training processes and competitive periods [6][7][8]. It also helps for developing body building and performance [1,6,9]. ...
Featured Application: The results of our study indicate the successful application of artificial neural networks-based model in predicting the endomorphy and mesomorphy ratings in young women. The artificial neural networks-model can be practically used in bioelectrical impedance analysis-devices in the future. Abstract: Somatotype characteristics are important for the selection of sporting activities, as well as and the prevalence of several chronic diseases. Nowadays the most common method of somatotyping is the Heath-Carter method, which calculates the somatotype base on 10 anthropometric parameters. Another possibility for evaluation of somatotype gives commonly used bioelectrical impedance analysis), but the accuracy of the proposed formulas is questioned. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possibility of applying an artificial neural network to achieve the formulas, which allow us to determine the endomorphy and mesomorphy using data on body height and weight and raw bioelectrical impedance analysis data in young women. The endomorphy (Endo), ectomorphy (Ecto), and mesomorphy (Meso) ratings were determined using artificial neural networks and the Heath-Carter method. To identify critical parameters and their degree of impact on the artificial neural network outputs, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The multi-layer perceptron MLP 4-4-1 (input: body mass index (BMI), reactance, resistance, and resting metabolic rate) for the Endo somatotype was proposed (root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.66, χ 2 = 0.66). The MLP 4-4-1 (input: BMI, fat-free mass, resistance, and total body water) for the Meso somatotype was proposed (RMSE = 0.76, χ 2 = 0.87). All somatotypes (Endo, Meso and Ecto) can be calculated using MLP 2-4-3 (input: BMI and resistance) with accuracy RMSE = 0.67 and χ 2 = 0.51. The bioelectrical impedance analysis and Heath-Carter method compliance was evaluated with the statistical algorithm proposed by Bland and Altman. The artificial neural network-based formulas allow us to determine the endomorphy and mesomorphy in young women's ratings with high accuracy and agreement with the Heath-Carter method. The results of our study indicate the successful application of artificial neural network-based model in predicting the somatotype of young women. The artificial neural network model can be practically used in bioelectrical impedance analysis devices in the future.
