Figure 2 - uploaded by Pascal Perrier
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Schematic representation of the muscles determining the shape of the lips. These muscles are grouped in pairs located symmetrically on both sides of the mid-sagittal plane, but for matter of simplification only one side of each muscle pair is represented. Reprinted from Journal of Anatomy 214(1), 36-44, Rogers, C.R., Mooney, M. P., Smith, T. D., Weinberg, S. M., Waller, B. M., Parr, L. A., Docherty, B. A., Bonar, C. J., Reinholt, L. E., Deleyiannis, F. W.-B., Siegel, M. I., Marazita, M. L., and Burrows, A. M. Comparative microanatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle between chimpanzees and humans: evolutionary divergence of lip function. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright 2008.
Source publication
Orofacial biomechanics has been shown to influence the time signals of speech production and to impose constraints with which the central nervous system has to contend in order to achieve the goals of speech production. After a short explanation of the concept of biomechanics and its link with the variables usually measured in phonetics, two modeli...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... fiber directions of the extrinsic muscles are influenced by the shape of the tongue and also by the morphology of the jaw, the hyoid bone and the temporal bone, while fiber directions of the intrinsic muscles only depend on the tongue shape. The lip shape can be modified by the control of 11 orofacial pairs of muscles (see Figure 2) located symmetrically on both sides of the mid- sagittal plane. According to their influence on the lips, they are classified into the upper lip elevators (Levator Labii Alaeque Nasi, Levator Labii Superioris and Zygomaticus Minor), the lip corner mobilizers (Levator Anguli Oris, Zygomaticus Major, Risorius, Buccinator and Depressor Anguli Oris), the lower lip mobilizers (Depressor Labii Inferioris and Mentalis, not represented in Figure 2) and the oral fissure constrictors (Peripheralis and Marginalis parts of the Orbicularis Oris). ...
Context 2
... lip shape can be modified by the control of 11 orofacial pairs of muscles (see Figure 2) located symmetrically on both sides of the mid- sagittal plane. According to their influence on the lips, they are classified into the upper lip elevators (Levator Labii Alaeque Nasi, Levator Labii Superioris and Zygomaticus Minor), the lip corner mobilizers (Levator Anguli Oris, Zygomaticus Major, Risorius, Buccinator and Depressor Anguli Oris), the lower lip mobilizers (Depressor Labii Inferioris and Mentalis, not represented in Figure 2) and the oral fissure constrictors (Peripheralis and Marginalis parts of the Orbicularis Oris). All these muscles originate from bony structures of the skull, except the Orbicularis Oris muscle, which emanates from a lip corner and inserts into the opposite corner of the lips (muscular tissue). ...
Context 3
... investigation was based on simulations run with a sophisticated 3D Finite Element biomechanical model of the face ( Nazari et al., 2010Nazari et al., , 2011Stavness et al., 2014). This model includes a 3D anatomical representation of all the muscles that are mentioned in section 1 and displayed in Figure 2. Muscle mechanics is accounted for with a Finite Element model of the Hill-type muscle model (Blemker et al., 2005). ...
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