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... Most applications of SPARROW have occurred in the United States, with international applications in New Zealand [22,23], Japan [24], and Canada [25,26]. SPARROW was applied nationwide to New Zealand streams [23] to quantify nutrient contributions from native, pasture, and developed lands across 270,000 km 2 ; this supported a national socio-economic and environmental model [27] that evaluated the current and projected effects of land-use change throughout the country. In northern Japan [24], SPARROW was used to quantify sediment contributions to stream loads from forested and developed lands and stream channels in a 14,000 km 2 river basin, results with relevance to the management of watershed sediment sources. ...
... The SPARROW modeling approach has been previously shown to provide an informative approach for water-quality assessment and management across large spatial domains. The model provides an efficient spatial framework for advancing the large-scale understanding of streamflow processes [7] and the major contaminant sources and watershed properties that affect transport over large scales in river networks [8,10,23], information that can assist water resource management of regional river basins and inland and coastal water bodies with large drainages [2,27,28,62]. These capabilities are enabled by the hybrid characteristics of the model [7,8,11] that include a simple mechanistic structure, with mass balance and non-conservative transport constraints, and statistically estimated model parameters and their associated uncertainties. ...
Large-domain hydrological models are increasingly needed to support water-resource assessment and management in large river basins. Here, we describe results for the first Brazilian application of the SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) model using a new open-source modeling and interactive decision support system tool (RSPARROW) to quantify the origin, flux, and fate of total nitrogen (TN) in two sub-basins of the Grande River Basin (GRB; 43,000 km 2). Land under cultivation for sugar cane, urban land, and point source inputs from wastewater treatment plants was estimated to each contribute approximately 30% of the TN load at the outlet, with pasture land contributing about 10% of the load. Hypothetical assessments of wastewater treatment plant upgrades and the building of new facilities that could treat currently untreated urban runoff suggest that these management actions could potentially reduce loading at the outlet by as much as 20-25%. This study highlights the ability of SPARROW and the RSPARROW mapping tool to assist with the development and evaluation of management actions aimed at reducing nutrient pollution and eutrophication. The freely available RSPARROW modeling tool provides new opportunities to improve understanding of the sources, delivery, and transport of water-quality contaminants in watersheds throughout the world.
... This model provides an integrated assessment of environmental, economic and social impacts of land use change using GIS (c.f. Harris et al., 2009). Elliott et al. (2008) have also found the CLUES decision support model useful to scale up from farm-scale to regional/national scale, however this scale is outside of the scope of this review. ...
http://www.onefarm.ac.nz/assets/Uploads/Farm-System-Modelling-in-New-Zealand-Literature-Final2.pdf
... A number of integrated modelling systems have been developed over the last few years (e.g. Letcher et al. 2006;Harris et al. 2009;Nelson et al. 2009;Rutledge et al. 2010). Mapping tools have also been developed at both a landscape scale (Echeverría et al. 2012;Klug 2012) and at a farm scale (Manderson et al. 2007). ...
... biophysical models or business processes) to support scenario analysis. A New Zealand example of an integrated model is called CLUES (Semadeni-Davies et al. 2008), which has been applied to assessment of the environmental, economic and social impacts of land-use change at the catchment level (Harris et al. 2009). The CLUES model is dynamically linked to Overseer ® , a meta-model of nutrient leaching from horticulture (Rosen et al. 2004), and the Triple Bottom Line model of cash farm surplus, Gross Domestic Product and employment for different land-uses (Woods et al. 2006;Harris et al. 2009). ...
... A New Zealand example of an integrated model is called CLUES (Semadeni-Davies et al. 2008), which has been applied to assessment of the environmental, economic and social impacts of land-use change at the catchment level (Harris et al. 2009). The CLUES model is dynamically linked to Overseer ® , a meta-model of nutrient leaching from horticulture (Rosen et al. 2004), and the Triple Bottom Line model of cash farm surplus, Gross Domestic Product and employment for different land-uses (Woods et al. 2006;Harris et al. 2009). The CLUES integrated model also includes the SPARROW model for estimating nutrient sources and transport in New Zealand (Elliott et al. 2005). ...
This study developed an integrated decision support system (DSS) to assist land managers in taking a long-term holistic approach to integrated land-use decisions. “MyLand” is a unique combination of existing methods and techniques: meta-modelling calibrated off-productivity surfaces for spatial application, a decision tree for selecting options, multiple land-use analysis, multiple outputs and a mapping interface deployed over the Web. The design provides visualisation of geospatial information and enables multiple stakeholders to contribute to a more collaborative land-use planning process. Techniques to solve forestry modelling challenges have been eneralised and applied in modelling pastoral and forestry land-use types. Forestry yield modelling is accommodated by a two-stage approach of spatial modelling of a productivity index followed by meta-modelling output from forest stand growth models. Livestock farming is modelled using the property owner’s estimates of livestock carrying capacity of land management units in a whole property stock reconciliation model. The environmental performance of the property is calculated from the land-use type and management regime. A case study is described to demonstrate the use of “MyLand” and results of user evaluation of the DSS are presented.
