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Schematic representation of the Acid/Base Flow battery charge a) and discharge b) phases (Culcasi, et al., 2022b).

Schematic representation of the Acid/Base Flow battery charge a) and discharge b) phases (Culcasi, et al., 2022b).

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Recently, the utilisation of renewable energy sources is a matter of increasing importance in Europe for Energy Transition and to achieve energy independence. To this aim, tailored Electric Energy Storage (EES) devices must be employed to tackle the issue of fluctuating production from renewables. The Acid/Base Flow Battery (AB-FB) is a cutting-edg...

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... working principle of AB-FBs is based on the water dissociation reaction, which occurs in the bipolar membranes of the battery . During the charge phase, the electricity input is converted into acidic and alkaline solutions, and the neutralisation of the acidic and alkaline solutions during the discharge phase produces electricity again ( Culcasi et al., 2021) (Figure 1). The AB-FB is made up of repeating units called "triplets" that consist of one anion-and one cation-exchange membrane and one bipolar membrane, which are separated by net spacers. ...