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This work presents some recent solutions that exploit the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology for energizing moving vehicles and machinery tools. Such technology is currently experiencing unprecedented interests in non-traditional RF/microwave sectors fields, such the industrial automation and the railway transportation safety. Near-field elec...
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... inductive coupling is the most widespread scheme for WPT and is based -in its simplest form as shown in Fig. 4on coupling between two coils by the H field. To quantify the impact of the coils geometry on the electrical coupling between coil 1 and coil 2, the coupling factor k 12 is used. It depends on the ratio between the mutual magnetic flux φ 12 and the total magnetic flux φ 1 . From mathematical equations [36], the coupling factor between ...
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Wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling method and inductive coupling method has open new possibility to Electric Vehicle (EV) system. The efficiency depends on the factors such as coupling coefficient and quality factor. Therefore, it becomes a crucial factor to estimate such parameters for better efficiency. This paper presents the...
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology can transfer electrical energy from a transmitter to a receiver wirelessly. Due to its many advantages, WPT technology is a more adequate and suitable solution for many industrial applications compared to the power transfer by wires. Using WPT technology will reduce the annoyance of wires, improve the power...
Citations
... Through a mobile device known as a mobile charger (MC), Wireless charging (WC) can be useful to recharge the SNs. An MC outfitted with infinite energy harvesting to replenish the network's desired SNs [12,13]. ...
Nowadays, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have two primary goals: data collecting and energy efficiency. Mobile sinks can be used to gather data and mobile chargers to recharge energy when visiting a group of Cluster Heads (CHs). A mobile VAN (MV) combines a mobile sink with a mobile charger to extend the lifetime of energy efficiency in wireless sensor nodes. Trying to figure out the visiting orders of the CHs makes wireless data collection and charging a challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel technique called Santosh Soni Data Collection and Wireless Charging (SSDCWC) algorithm that addresses the difficulties raised above. Data is collected from CHs, and charges are calculated depending on their requests or demands using the suggested methodology, which employs mobile VAN. Mobile VAN monitors routes and visits CHs in response to requests. The suggested method separates the network using a clustering algorithm known as Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). The validity of this study's conclusions is demonstrated by comparing the newly designed algorithm SSDCWC to three other algorithms: Joint mobile wireless energy transmitter and data collector (J-METDC), Single path scheduling scheme (SPSS), and Mobile to cluster (M2C). Furthermore, SSDCWC outperforms J-METDC, SPSS, and M2C by 8.71%, 19.27%, and 27.07%, respectively, for varying numbers of sensor nodes.
... Wireless power transfer (WPT) technologies [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] have emerged as a promising solution for powering unmanned logistics electric vehicles (EVs), providing convenience and flexibility without the limitations of traditional wired charging systems. The primary methods of WPT, including inductive power transfer (IPT) [7], [8], [9], resonant inductive coupling (RIC) [10], [11], and microwave wireless power transfer (MWPT) [12], [13], [14], each come with their own distinct advantages and limitations. ...
A low-cost electrically-switched focused beam charging system based on a reconfigurable phase-change cascaded feed network is introduced for wireless power transfer application. To realize the reconfigurable feed network, we theoretically decomposed the dynamic focusing phase distribution into two independent terms: a linear phase shift and a quadratic term. A focused aperture-coupled patch array antenna with static focused beam is fabricated to achieve the quadratic term. Different linear phase shifts are achieved by using designed electronic switching module to control the beam port status of Rotman lens, enabling to tilt the static focused beam in the desired direction. Based on full-wave simulation and near-field focusing measurement, we analyzed the dynamic focusing performance of generated focused beam with different beam ports excited at 5.758 GHz in detail. Besides, a LED lighting demo experiment for proposed system is carried out for visually displaying the generated dynamic focused beam. The simulation and experiment results indicate that the generated dynamic focused beam tilts as the excitation state of the beam port changes, and its focal spot can be also observed well on the focal plane. The architecture of proposed focused beam system eliminates the need for expensive phase shifters, resulting in a significant reduction in system costs.
... Wireless charging (WC) is a method that can be utilized to recharge SNs, and it does so with the assistance of a mobile device that is referred to as a mobile charger (MC). An MC that has been installed with an unlimited energy harvesting system in order to restock the network's required SNs (Banoth et al., 2021;Masotti et al., 2021). ...
These days, WSNs (wireless sensor networks) are all about collecting data and reducing energy use. Mobile sinks and chargers can visit Cluster Heads (CHs) to gather data and recharge their batteries, respectively. A mobile VAN (MV) combines a mobile charger and sinks to improve the energy efficiency of a WSN. Determining the CHs' guest instructions for wireless data collecting and charging is difficult. In response to these problems, the authors of this study present SSWCODDG (Santosh Soni Wireless Charging and on Demand Data Gathering), a new approach to wirelessly charging and data collection for rechargeable wireless sensor networks. Utilizing mobile VAN, the proposed algorithm gathers data from CHs and charges them according to their choices and needs. Here, Mobile VAN maintains a routing table and, in response to requests, visits CHs. To divide the network into clusters, the proposed method employs the LEACH clustering algorithm. One full cycle is executed by the LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) algorithm. To back up its claims, this study compares the recently created SSWCODDG algorithm to the SPSS and M2C algorithms that came before it. In addition, SSWCODDG outperforms SPSS (Single path scheduling scheme) and M2C (Mobile to Cluster) for a range of sensor node densities by 38.62 and 25.78 percentage points, respectively.
... For efficient EH, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been widely adopted as a special case of the wireless power transfer (WPT) system. As the name implies, SWIPT allows for the simultaneous transfer of both information and power, and it is beneficial for ensuring an acceptable level of EH without the need for costly infrastructure upgrades [17,18]. ...
Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) has been advocated as a highly promising technology for enhancing the capabilities of 5G and 6G devices. However, the challenge of dealing with large propagation path loss poses a significant hurdle. To address this issue, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is employed to enhance the efficiency of SWIPT in cellular-based networks with multiple small cells, and especially increase the energy for cell-edge users. In addition, by leveraging a large set of spatially distributed base stations to collaboratively serve SWIPT-enabled user equipment, the cell-free massive MIMO has the potential to provide even better performance than the conventional small-cell systems. In this work, we extend the investigation to include the application of SWIPT technology with alternating current (AC) logic in the cell-free networks and the small-cell networks and propose joint beamforming and power splitting optimization frameworks to maximize the system sum-rate, subject to the constraints on harvested energy, AC logic energy supply, and total transmit power. The optimization problem is shown to be non-convex, posing a significant challenge. To address this challenge, we resort to a two-stage decomposition approach. Specifically, we first introduce quadratic transform-based fractional programming (FP) algorithms to iteratively solve the non-convex optimization problems in the first stage, achieving near-optimal solutions with low time complexities. To further reduce the complexities, we also incorporate conventional schemes such as zero forcing, maximum ratio transmission, and signal-to-leakage-and-noise ratio for the design of beamforming vectors. Second, to determine the optimal power splitting ratio within the framework, we develop a one-dimensional (1-D) search algorithm to tackle the single variable optimization problem reduced in the second stage. These algorithms are then evaluated in the context of cell-free MIMO and small-cell networks with numerical experiments. The results show that the FP-based algorithms can consistently outperform those utilizing the conventional beamforming schemes, and the solutions of this work can achieve up to fivefold improvement in the system sum-rate than the small-cell counterpart while providing different but comparable performance trends in energy harvesting (EH).
... Wireless power supply represents the alternative approach, where the energy in the environment can be harvested from existing sources such as solar, wind energy, and radio-frequency (RF) energy [11,12]. Within the energy harvesting (EH) approach, the harvesting of RF energy has a special feature, i.e., it can be used for simultaneous information and power transfer (SWIPT) [13,14]. Additionally, RF energy can be purposely transferred to the desired node [15,16]. ...
In the scenario of a natural or human-induced disaster, traditional communication infrastructure is often disrupted or even completely unavailable, making the employment of emergency wireless networks highly important. In this paper, we consider an industrial Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system assisted by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that restores connectivity from the master terminal unit (MTU) to the remote terminal unit (RTU). The UAV also provides power supply to the ground RTU, which transmits the signal to the end-user terminal (UT) using the harvested RF energy. The MTU-UAV and UAV-RTU channels are modeled through Nakagami-m fading, while the channel between the RTU and the UT is subject to Fisher–Snedecor composite fading. According to the channels’ characterization, the expression for evaluating the overall probability of outage events is derived. The impact of the UAV’s relative position to other terminals and the amount of harvested energy on the outage performance is investigated. In addition, the results obtained based on an independent simulation method are also provided to confirm the validity of the derived analytical results. The provided analysis shows that the position of the UAV that leads to the optimal outage system performance is highly dependent on the MTU’s output power.
... Working frequency [50]. ...
The significance of energy stability in urban development has increased as the use of intelligent devices continues to expand and extreme weather poses a threat to the integrity of electric networks. Wireless power transfer technology is well-known for its dependability, security, and adaptability, and has reached billions of market share in China alone in the cell phone and electric vehicle sectors over the past decade, with the electric vehicle wireless charging market expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of over 30% by 2023. Combining WPT with renewable energy, electric vehicles, and recharge infrastructure is a promising new application for smart city development. This paper examines the history, characteristics, and six classifications of WPT technology through the lens of urban development, in addition to its successful implementations in seven contexts, such as portable devices and transportation, based on a survey of 161,425 papers. We propose a dependable and efficient research-to-application life cycle for high-power WPT operations, which is capable of achieving efficiencies of approximately 90 percent at approximately 50 percent of the original cost. In addition, the significance of incorporating WPT technology, renewable energy sources, and urban infrastructure into the design of sustainable cities is highlighted. This study determined that WPT is advantageous for promoting the construction of space and ground photovoltaic plants, as well as photovoltaic rooftops, and also serves to accelerate the promotion of electric vehicles, smart devices, and charging roads. The findings of this study cast light on three problem areas and six future prospects of WPT, as well as its multifaceted benefits in terms of energy, the environment, and the social economy of sustainable cities.
... The main disadvantage is that these sources are not reliable as they depend on unpredictable circumstances such as weather conditions, etc. As simultaneous information and power transfer (SWIPT) represents an appealing technology for various applications within contemporary communication systems, various solutions for its implementation have been investigated [11][12][13]. One of the possible feasible approaches is the use of the dedicated node for the wireless power supply of locally positioned sensor nodes [14,15]. ...
The performance analysis of an energy constrained Internet of Things (IoT) system with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is provided in this paper. In the considered system, a power beacon is used for the energy supply of a sensor node that has no other power sources, while the UAV is used for the collection of sensor data. The outage and capacity performances are analyzed under the assumption of a Nakagami-m fading environment, for the case when the power and information transfer are performed based on the time-switching protocol and the UAV is randomly positioned at a certain height. Based on the provided analysis we derive the exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability, the outage capacity and the ergodic capacity of the power beacon assisted IoT system. The analytical results are confirmed using an independent simulation method. The performed analysis demonstrates the impact of various system and channel parameters on system performances.
... For the second category, the stored energy of sensor nodes needs to be replenished, and most of recent researches focus on energy replenishment fundamental problem. Wireless energy transfer is a new technology that can be used to recharge sensor nodes' batteries in wireless manner [9][10][11]. ...
Energy efficiency is one of the most important concerns in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As far as we know, almost all energy efficiency researches of WSNs focus on energy conservation in some respects such as wireless data transmission and minimal data collection. Recently, wireless energy transfer has been a promising technology to prolong the lifetime of microsensor nodes, and so the traditional WSNs can be extended to rechargeable WSNs. Rechargeable WSNs is a new type of wireless sensor networks, where each sensor node can replenish energy through wireless charging. For rechargeable WSNs, it is powered by reusable energy or harvested energy, so the energy efficiency problem can be completely solved. Furthermore, mobile data collection has been well recognized to have significant advantages over sensory data collection manner using static sinks. In this paper, by employing one or multiple recharging sinks to replenish energy for sensor nodes and collect sensory data concurrently, we propose a novel wireless charging and mobile data collecting method based on self-organizing map (SOM) unsupervised learning for rechargeable WSNs. In other words, the sink mobility and energy replenishment are jointly considered in this paper. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms through software simulation. Extensive results verify that the performance of the proposed algorithm can reduce the travel cost of mobile sink and improve the residual energy level for sensor nodes. As a results, it is very promising in the field of data acquisition in wireless sensor networks.
... In particular, mid-range applications made in the radiative nearfield or far-field region have gained significant attention. The traditional WPT operating in the VHF band has focused on a non-radiative near-field region, and the use of highfrequency applications in recent years permits the use of WPT systems realized in a radiative near-field region, which are known as "radiative mid-range" [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The mid-range applications allow the device to communicate through using the radiation characteristics of two antennas. ...
The development of a wireless link for biomedical applications requires an accurate estimation of the delivered power to implanted devices. In particular, a variety of mid-range applications in the biomedical area have gained significant attention. An appropriate method for the mid-range wireless link is required to implement a continuous wireless link through human tissue. Even though formulas used in this work are all based on previous works, this paper presents an implementation of the diverse formulas for the mid-range wireless link of an implanted antenna used for a pacemaker system based on the understanding on radiation properties varied with the distances from the antenna. The formulas based on input far-field data are successfully applied to compute the power transmission for the implanted devices, whose range includes radiative near-field and far-field regions. The wireless link for a pacemaker system is evaluated through using a patch antenna immersed with different depths of human tissue. A comparison of the computed and measured results shows an excellent agreement where the validity of the evaluation is demonstrated.
... However, the existing long-range SWIPT technologies face short-range, low-power, unsafe and other challenges. For example, electromagnetic coupling SWIPT has the bottleneck of short transmission distance [7], radio-frequency (RF) and light-emitting diode (LED) lights based SWIPT face the challenge of low transmission power [8,9], and laser-based SWIPT is difficult to achieve high power transmission safely [10]. ...
Integrating the wireless power transfer (WPT) technology into the wireless communication system has been important for operational cost saving and power-hungry problem solving of electronic devices. In this paper, we propose a resonant beam simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (RB-SWIPT) system, which utilizes a gain medium and two retro-reflecting surfaces to enhance and retro-reflect energy, and allows devices to recharge their batteries and exchange information from the resonant beam wirelessly. To reveal the SWIPT mechanism and evaluate the SWIPT performance, we establish an analytical end-to-end (E2E) transmission model based on a modular approach and the electromagnetic field propagation. Then, the intra-cavity power intensity distribution, transmission loss, output power, and E2E efficiency can be obtained. The numerical evaluation illustrates that the exemplary RB-SWIPT system can provide about 4.20W electric power and 12.41bps/Hz spectral efficiency, and shorter transmission distance or larger retro-reflecting surface size can lead to higher E2E efficiency. The RB-SWIPT presents a new way for high-power, long-range WPT, and high-rate communication.
