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Schematic presentation of the solar inertial motion (SIM) about the barycenter of the solar system defined by the gravitational forces of large planets in the plane of ecliptics (the top plane in Fig. 4) for different time intervals shown in the top of each sub-figure (reproduced from Charvatova 36 . The location of the Sun at the end of the period is shown by the yellow circles. Top row represent the ordered SIM affected by symmetric positions of large planets with respect to the Sun, while the bottom row shows the disorganized SIM with more random positions of large planets.
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Recently discovered long-term oscillations of the solar background magnetic field associated with double dynamo waves generated in inner and outer layers of the Sun indicate that the solar activity is heading in the next three decades (2019–2055) to a Modern grand minimum similar to Maunder one. On the other hand, a reconstruction of solar total ir...
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... has very complex orbits induced the trifall positions of large planets achieved for different planet configurations changing approximately within 370 years as indicated by Charvatova 33 . She also claimed that there is a a larger period of 2100-2400 years related to the full cycle of the planet positions in their rotation around the Sun 36 (see Fig. 5 from Charvatova's paper). Since the SIM occurs for the Sun observed from the Earth, we believe, only the SIM can define the weak oscillations of the baseline of solar magnetic field reported ...
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Recently discovered long-term oscillations of the solar background magnetic field associated with double dynamo waves generated in inner and outer layers of the Sun indicate that the solar activity is heading in the next three decades (2019-2055) to a Modern grand minimum similar to Maunder one. On the other hand, a reconstruction of solar total ir...
Citations
... On the other hand, in the past few hundred years, the Sun has been shown to provide some additional radiation to the Earth by moving closer toward the Earth's orbit because of the solar inertial motion (SIM) caused by the gravitation of the large planets [27][28][29]. These periodic variations of the Sun-Earth distance, and the solar irradiance, occur every 2100 -2200 years, called Hallstatt's cycles, which were independently derived from the isotope abundances in the terrestrial biomass [30,31]. ...
... The effect of the solar system planet gravitation on the motion even of the star of the system, the Sun, leading to the solar inertial motion (SIM) about the barycentre of the solar system, has been reported by many authors [42][43][44] while only recently these effects have been linked to the changes in Sun-Earth distances on the orbit in different years, centuries or even millennia reporting the two-millennial variations of solar irradiance (Hallstaat's cycle) caused by SIM [27][28][29]. In this millennium the Sun is shown to move closer to the Earth's orbit during passing the orbit about the spring equinox in the Northern hemisphere. ...
... One incorrect interpretation of the Sun's wobbling is to assume that the focus of the Earth's orbit is placed in the barycenter of the solar system, and that as a result, the sunlight that the Earth receives is heavily modulated by the solar wobbling (see for example Zharkova et al. [140]). This is incorrect, because the Earth's orbit is not Keplerian around the solar system's barycenter, which is not the gravitational attraction center of the solar system and, in particular, of the Earth. ...
The complex dynamics of solar activity appear to be characterized by a number of oscillations ranging from monthly to multimillennial timescales, the most well-known of which being the 11-year Schwabe sunspot cycle. Solar oscillations are important because they also characterize the oscillations observed in Earth’s climate and can thus be used to explain and forecast climate changes. Thus, it is important to investigate the physical origin of solar oscillations. There appear to be two possibilities: either the oscillations in solar activity are exclusively controlled by internal solar dynamo mechanisms, or the solar dynamo is partially synchronized to planetary frequencies by planetary forcings. The latter concept has recently gained support from a growing amount of evidence. In this work, we provide an overview of the many empirical facts that would support a planetary hypothesis of the variability of solar activity and emphasize their importance for climate research. We show that the frequencies produced by the complex interactions of all of the planets are coherent with the major solar activity and climate cycles, from monthly to multimillennial timescales, including the well-known Schwabe 11-year solar cycle. We provide some persuasive theoretical and empirical support for the planetary hypothesis of solar and climate variability.
... In Fig.10 [37] for solar irradiance dating in the IntCal09 data, which also reveal the Hallstatt cycle period (about 2200 years). Bottom plot: the unnormalised solar irradiance (Y-axis) recovered for the holocene [83,38] versus calendar yeaars (Xaxis), which demonstrates weak oscillations in the filtered (red) line with a period of about 2200-2300 years, similar to those reported in our unfairly retracted paper [84] and confirmed later with the real Sun-Earth ephemeris [85]. strip in the wavelet spectrum top) [40] coinciding with a sharp peak at 2243 years given by the global wavelet and Fourier spectra. ...
... The large two-millennial period of oscillation of solar irradiance, Halllstatt's cycle, has been also detected from the summary curve of the eigenvectors [84,85]. Note that the paper [84] was retracted by the Editor on the basis that the Sun-Earth distances cannot change on the large scale as the authors suggested. ...
... The large two-millennial period of oscillation of solar irradiance, Halllstatt's cycle, has been also detected from the summary curve of the eigenvectors [84,85]. Note that the paper [84] was retracted by the Editor on the basis that the Sun-Earth distances cannot change on the large scale as the authors suggested. Later the book chapter by Zharkova (2021) [85] has shown from the official Sun-Earth distance ephemeris that the retraction basis was wrong, because the Sun-Earth distances indeed are changing significantly in the current millennium (1600-2600) compared to the previous one (600-1600). ...
Solar magnetic activity is expressed via variations of sunspots and active regions varying on different timescales. The most accepted is an 11-year period supposedly induced by the electromagnetic solar dynamo mechanism. There are also some shorter or longer timescales detected: the biennial cycle (2-2.7 years), Gleisberg cycle (80-100 years), and Hallstatt's cycle (2100-2300 years). Recently, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the observed solar background magnetic field (SBMF), another period of 330-380 years, or Grand Solar Cycle (GSC), was derived from the summary curve of two eigenvectors of SBMF. In this paper, a spectral analysis of the averaged sunspot numbers, solar irradiance, and the summary curve of eigenvectors of SBMF was carried out using Morlet wavelet and Fourier transforms. We detect a 10.7-year cycle from the sunspots and modulus summary curve of eigenvectors as well a 22 years cycle and the grand solar cycle of 342-350-years from the summary curve of eigenvectors. The Gleissberg centennial cycle is only detected on the full set of averaged sunspot numbers for 400 years or by adding a quadruple component to the summary curve of eigenvectors. Another period of 2200-2300 years is detected in the Holocene data of solar irradiance measured from the abundance of $^{14}$C isotope. This period was also confirmed with the period of 2100 years derived from a baseline of the summary curve, supposedly, caused by the solar inertial motion (SIM) induced by the gravitation of large planets. The implication of these findings for different deposition of solar radiation into the northern and southern hemispheres of the Earth caused by the combined effects of the solar activity and solar inertial motion on the terrestrial atmosphere are also discussed.
... Bottom plot: the unnormalised solar irradiance (Y-axis) recovered for the holocene [83,38] versus calendar years (X-axis), which demonstrates weak oscillations in the filtered (red) line with a period of about 2200 -2300 years, similar to those reported in our unfairly retracted paper [84] and confirmed later with the real Sun-Earth ephemeris [85]. Natural Science left plot and the Fourier spectrum derived from this solar irradiance curve. ...
... The large two-millennial period of oscillation of solar irradiance, Halllstatt's cycle, has been also detected from the summary curve of the eigenvectors [84,85]. Note that the paper [84] was retracted by the Editor on the basis that the Sun-Earth distances cannot change on the large scale as the authors suggested. ...
... The large two-millennial period of oscillation of solar irradiance, Halllstatt's cycle, has been also detected from the summary curve of the eigenvectors [84,85]. Note that the paper [84] was retracted by the Editor on the basis that the Sun-Earth distances cannot change on the large scale as the authors suggested. Later the book chapter by Zharkova (2021) [85] has shown from the official Sun-Earth distance ephemeris that the retraction basis was wrong, because the Sun-Earth distances indeed are changing significantly in the current millennium (1600 -2600) compared to the previous one (600 -1600). ...
... První zásadní poznatek o vlivu planet Sluneční soustavy na sluneční aktivitu přinesly práce Zharkové (Zharková et al. 2015, 2019, Shepherd, Zharkova 2014, která rozložila magnetické pozaďové pole Slunce na vlastní vektory (eigenvektory) a ukázala, že první dva dominantní eigenvektory (spolu 39 % celkového pole) mají souvislost s rázy planet tak, jak je rozpoznala již Charvátová (1990) v pohybech Slunce okolo barycentra Sluneční soustavy. Z prací Zharkové vyšel , který ukázal, že první eigenvektor magnetického pozaďového pole ukazuje na gravitační vlivy planet, umožňující přenášet rotační momenty mezi planetami a Sluncem, a druhý eigenvektor ukazuje na slapové vlivy planet, řídící přepólování dipólového magnetického pole Slunce a velikost tohoto pole. ...
Abstrakt Za období posledních cca 660 mil. let máme geologické záznamy jak o změnách klimatu na Zemi, tak o změnách sluneční aktivity. Nejdelší známé klimatické cykly mají délky cca 150 mil. let a chladné periody velice dobře časově korelují s orogeny a současně erozními periodami. Za posledních cca 5 mil. let je velice dobře zdokumentováno střídání dob ledových a meziledových s periodami cca 41 tis. let a cca 96 tis. let. Kromě galaktických vlivů jsou ve sluneční aktivitě a tím i klimatu pozorovatelné rázové periody planet a to od nejdelší periody 6256 let, 1020-1040 let, 208 let, 178,8 let, 88 let a 59,577 let. Zvláštní postavení má 62,5 letý cyklus excentricity Jupitera, který se promítá do všech klimatických parametrů na Zemi-teploty, AMO, PDO, LOD, pozic tlakových útvarů v atmosféře, směru a velikosti proudění vody v oceánech nebo srážkách. Pozorovaný nárůst teplot na Zemi je možno vysvětlit akumulací slunečního záření v horninách a největší sluneční aktivitou za posledních cca 1000 let. Zpoždění nárůstu teplot za sluneční aktivitou je dáno malou tepelnou vodivostí hornin a tím i velkým poločasem akumulace/radiace cca 270 let. Koncentraci CO 2 v atmosféře určuje zejména dynamická výměna plynů mezi oceánem a atmosférou na hladině a dosud rostoucí střední teplota oceánů, závislá na sluneční aktivitě. Tato koncentrace závisí na anomální teplotě jako její integrál a je proto také fázově zpožděná oproti globálním teplotám, a to až o desítky let. Dnešní pozorovaný nárůst koncentrace CO 2 je tedy možno fyzikálně vysvětlit jako dvojnásobně zpožděný vliv slunečního záření, které mělo počátek svého maxima po Malé době ledové přibližně po roce 1850 a vrcholu dosáhlo okolo roku 1958.
Abstract
For the period of the last 660 million years, we have geological records of both climate changes on Earth and changes in solar activity. The longest known climate cycles are approximately 150 million years long, and cold periods are very well correlated in time with orogens and at the same time with erosional periods. Over the past 5 million years, the alternation of ice ages and interglacials with periods of approximately 41,000 years is very well documented. years and approx. 96 thousand flight. In addition to galactic influences, shock periods of the planets can be observed in the solar activity and thus the climate, from the longest period of 6256 years, 1020-1040 years, 208 years, 178.8 years, 88 years and 59.577 years. The 62.5-year eccentricity cycle of Jupiter has a special position, which is reflected in all climatic parameters on Earth – temperature, AMO, PDO, LOD, positions of pressure structures in the atmosphere, direction and magnitude of water flow in the oceans or precipitation. The observed increase in temperatures on Earth can be explained by the accumulation of solar radiation in rocks and the greatest solar activity in the last 1000 years. The delay in the increase in temperatures due to solar activity is due to the low thermal conductivity of rocks and thus the long half-life of accumulation/radiation of about 270 years. The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is mainly determined by the dynamic exchange of gases between the ocean and the atmosphere on the surface and the still increasing average temperature of the oceans, dependent on solar activity. This concentration depends on the anomalous temperature as its integral and is therefore also phase-delayed with respect to global temperatures by up to decades. Today's observed increase in CO2 concentration can therefore be physically explained as a doubly delayed effect of solar radiation, which had the beginning of its maximum after the Little Ice Age approximately after 1850 and reached its peak around 1958.
... 29,30 On the other hand, in the past few hundred years the Sun was shown to provide some additional radiation to the Earth by moving closer towards the Earth orbit because of the solar inertial motion (SIM) caused by the gravitation of large planets. 38,39 These periodic variations of the Sun-Earth distance, and the solar irradiance, occur every 2100-2200 years, called Hallstatt's cycles, which were independently derived from the isotope abundances in the terrestrial biomass. 40,41 In the current Hallstatt's millennial cycle, the Sun-Earth distances are decreasing from the MM until 2600 that leads to the increase of solar irradiance deposited to the atmosphere of the Earth (and other planets). ...
Frequencies of volcanic eruptions in the past 270 years are compared with variations of solar activity and summary curve of principal components of the solar background magnetic field (SBMF).Frequency analysis with Morlet wavelet reveals the most pronounced period of volcanic eruptions of 22 years. There is a strong correlation (-0.84) between volcanic frequencies and the summary curve of SBMF for 11 cycles after 1868. The maxima of volcanic eruptions are shown to occur during solar activity cycles with the southern magnetic polarity. The next anticipated maximum of volcanic eruptions is expected to occur during cycle 26, when SBMF have a southern magnetic polarity.
... Vlivem gravitačního působení planet Sluneční soustavy neustále dochází ke změnám sluneční aktivity, které jsou velice komplikované a mají cyklické i nepravidelné prvky. Podstata fyzikálního působení planet na aktivitu Slunce sice není dosud zcela objasněna, ale jeden z modelů ukazuje na souvislost mezi pohyby Slunce okolo barycentra celé Sluneční soustavy a sluneční aktivitou (Charvátová 1990, Zharkova et al. 2019. Slunce tedy nestojí v centru systému, ale opisuje kolem něj spletité křivky, podle kterých pak jak rotační momenty Slunce, tak slapové síly mění svou orientaci i velikost. ...
... 10) a Mohanu (obr. 11) se výrazně projevuje 179letý sluneční cyklus plynoucí ze vzájemného postavení všech velkých planet Sluneční soustavy, které se opakuje právě s touto periodou (Jose 1965, Charvátová 1990, Zharkova et al. 2019. ...
Precipitation and flow cycles in the Czech Republic and the surrounding Central Europe after 1800 are moderated by extraterrestrial effects on the radiant power of the Sun and on the movement of the Earth's atmosphere and water. The cycles are manifested by alternating dry and water periods of different lengths.
... The Sun is the main source of energy for the Earth's climate system through two main variations in solar radiation: changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun over several tens and hundreds of thousands of years, which affect the amount and distribution of radiant energy hitting the Earth (astronomical forcing) (Berger, 1988;Imbrie et al., 1992;Pillans et al., 1998;Laskar et al., 2011); second, internal stellar processes over several tens and thousands of years affect the total radiant energy emitted by the Sun -i.e. solar activity (SA; solar forcing) (Clemens, 2005;Haigh 2011;Vieira et al., 2011;McCracken et al., 2014;Zhao and Feng, 2015;Usoskin, 2017;Zharkova et al., 2019). The Earth's climate can be understood as the balance between the energy input from the Sun and the energy dispersed into space through the action of the Earth's atmospheric GHGs and internal feedback processes of the climate system. ...
... The occurrence of these quasi-periodic climate changes is interpreted as being related to internal mechanisms, such as ice sheet dynamics or ocean-atmosphere system variations (MacAyeal, 1993;Alley et al., 1999), or to external mechanisms, including (1) the biannual passage of the Sun across the intertropical zone induces hemi-precession (~12 kyr) cycles (Berger et al., 2006;Sun and Huang, 2006); (2) nonlinear signal transformation produces suborbital harmonics or combination tones of primary Milankovitch cycles (Pestiaux et al., 1988;Rodrìguez-Tovar and Pardo-Igùzquiza, 2003;Da Silva et al., 2018) and (3) solar forcing (Dergachev, 2004;Elrick and Hinnov 2007;Xapsos and Burke, 2009;Vieira et al., 2011;Steinhilber et al., 2012;McCracken et al., 2014;Usoskin et al., 2016;Usoskin, 2017). A debated planetary beat hypothesis (PBH) on SA (Charvátová, 2000;Abreu et al., 2012;Scafetta 2012Scafetta , 2014aMörner, 2013;Mörner et al., 2013a;Holm, 2014;Cauquoin et al., 2014;McCracken et al., 2014;Yndestad and Solheim, 2016;Sánchez-Sesma, 2016;Scafetta et al., 2016;Zharkova et al., 2019) could reconcile the apparent contradiction of suborbital cycles with similar quasi-periods across solar proxies and nonlinear harmonics and/or combination tones of primary Milankovitch cycles (Table 4). In fact, according to PBH, the motion of the giant planets generates a beat on the Sun in the form of gravity (tidal force) and angular momentum with respect to the solar system's barycenter, which is called solar inertial motion (SIM) (Charvátová, 2000;Paluš et al., 2007;McCracken et al., 2014;Scafetta et al., 2016;Zharkova et al., 2019). ...
... A debated planetary beat hypothesis (PBH) on SA (Charvátová, 2000;Abreu et al., 2012;Scafetta 2012Scafetta , 2014aMörner, 2013;Mörner et al., 2013a;Holm, 2014;Cauquoin et al., 2014;McCracken et al., 2014;Yndestad and Solheim, 2016;Sánchez-Sesma, 2016;Scafetta et al., 2016;Zharkova et al., 2019) could reconcile the apparent contradiction of suborbital cycles with similar quasi-periods across solar proxies and nonlinear harmonics and/or combination tones of primary Milankovitch cycles (Table 4). In fact, according to PBH, the motion of the giant planets generates a beat on the Sun in the form of gravity (tidal force) and angular momentum with respect to the solar system's barycenter, which is called solar inertial motion (SIM) (Charvátová, 2000;Paluš et al., 2007;McCracken et al., 2014;Scafetta et al., 2016;Zharkova et al., 2019). The planetary beat may thus affect the Earth both directly via its gravity pulse, as well as indirectly via its effects on the solar dynamo, acting the solar wind control on the incoming cosmic rays, and thus also on the production of cosmogenic radionuclides (Charvátová, 2000;Paluš et al., 2007;Abreu et al., 2012;Mörner et al., 2013b;McCracken et al., 2014;Zharkova et al., 2019), although the physical problem remains unclear (McCracken et al., 2014;Scafetta, 2014b). ...
We use the benefits of the full-resolution methodology for time-series decomposition singular spectrum analysis
to assess the quantitative impact of orbital and, for the first time, millennial-scale Sun-related climate responses
from EPICA records. The quantitative impact of the three Sun-related cycles (unnamed ~9.7-kyr; proposed
‘Heinrich-Bond’ ~6.0-kyr; Hallstatt ~2.5-kyr), cumulatively explain ~4.0% (δD), 2.9% (CO2), and 6.6% (CH4) in
variance, demonstrating for the first time the minor role of solar activity in the regional budget of Earth’s climate
forcing. A cycle of ~3.6 kyr, which is little known in literature, results in a mean variance of 0.6% only, does not
seem to be Sun-related, although a gravitational origin cannot be ruled out. According to the recurrence analysis
of Heinrich events (6.03 ± 1.4 kyr) and their correlation with EPICA stack ~6.0-kyr cycle, it is proposed that this
band of solar activity be named the ‘Heinrich-Bond cycle’. On these basis, it is deemed that the ‘Heinrich-Bond’
solar cycle may act on the ice-sheet as an external instability factor both related to excess ice leading to calving
process and IRD-layers (‘cold-related’ Heinrich events), and surface heating with meltwater streams (‘warm-related’
Heinrich events). The Hallstatt cycle is found in a number of solar proxies, geomagnetic secular variations,
paleoclimatic oscillations, combination tones of Milankovitch forcings and resonant planetary beats,
indicating an apparent ‘multi-forcing’ origin possibly related to planetary beat hypothesis. The orbital components
consistently reflects the post-Mid-Pleistocene transition nature of the EPICA records in which the short
eccentricity results in most of the variance (51.6%), followed by obliquity (19.0%) and precession (8.4%).
Beyond the Milankovitch theory, evidence is emerging of a multiple-forcing cosmoclimatic system with stochastic
interactions between external (gravitational resonances, orbitals, solar activity) and Earth’s internal
(geodynamics, atmosphere composition, feedback mechanisms) climate components, each having a strong difference
in terms of the relative quantitative impact on Earth’s climate.
... thousand years with the ascending part of 2.1 thousand years are similar to the period of decreasing S-E distances reported in section 3.1 for 600-2600. Also the reported S-E distances reveal the noticeable shifts of the aphelion and perihelion from the major axis of the ellipse that coincides also with the oscillations of magnetic field baseline [19,49] and solar irradiance [22]. It seems that in the two millennia 600-2600 the large planets continuously shifted the Sun from its focus towards the spring equinox as detected from the S-E ephemeris in Figures 5 and 6. ...
... Interestingly, the annual variations of the S-E distances shown in Figure 9 can explain the oscillations of the baseline solar magnetic field (Hallstatt's cycle) shown by dark blue lines in Figure 3 and in Figure 4 (top plot) [19] by the oscillation of the Earth aphelion and perihelion from the major axis. In M1 the Sun's location is closer to the ellipse focus of the Earth orbit resulting in a smaller magnitude of the Sun's shift in the direction of the minor axis that leads to the minimum of the baseline magnetic field of northern polarity, shown by the dark blue line in Figure 3 (bottom plot) [19,49]. While in M2 the Sun shifts much further from the focus towards the spring equinox position of the Earth orbit, so that there is a shift of the longest S-E distance (local aphelion) from 21 June (when the aphelion on the major axis of ellipse is approached) to 16 July when the aphelion is shifted from the major axis to the line of the ellipse connecting the ellipse centre and displacement of the Sun from the ellipse focus and directed under the angle ϕ (see Eq. (1)) to the major axis. ...
... And given the periodic variations of the gravitational effects of four large planets described by [30], one can expect the similar periodic variations of the baseline magnetic field linked to the positions of the local aphelion and perihelion for a given epoch. Therefore, this confirms the hint expressed earlier [19,49] that the baseline magnetic field oscillations derived there purely from the magnetic field observations are, indeed, caused by the gravitational effects of large planets on the Sun, or by solar inertial motion. ...
Daily ephemeris of Sun-Earth distances in two millennia (600–2600) showed significant decreases in February–June by up to 0.005 au in millennium M1 (600–1600) and 0.011au in millennium M2 (1600–2600). The Earth’s aphelion in M2 is shorter because shifted towards mid-July and longer because shifted to mid January naturally explaining two-millennial variations (Hallstatt’s cycle) of the baseline solar magnetic field measured from Earth. The S-E distance variations are shown imposed by shifts of Sun’s position towards the spring equinox imposed by the gravitation of large planets, or solar inertial motion (SIM). Daily variations of total solar irradiance (TSI) calculated with these S-E distances revealed TSI increases in February–June by up to 10–12 W / m 2 in M1 and 14–18 W / m 2 in M2. There is also positive imbalance detected in the annual TSI magnitudes deposited to Earth in millennium M2 compared to millennium M1: up to 1.3 W / m 2 , for monthly, and up to 20–25 W / m 2 for daily TSI magnitudes. This imbalance confirms an ascending phase of the current TSI (Hallstatt’s) cycle in M2. The consequences for terrestrial atmosphere of this additional solar forcing induced by the annual TSI imbalances are evaluated. The implications of extra solar forcing for two modern grand solar minima in M2 are also discussed.
... Several authors (DeMenocal et al., 2000;Maslin et al., 2001;Paasche and Bakke, 2010;Henke et al., 2017;Ilyashuk et al., 2019;Fang et al., 2019) suggested that the LIA was initiated by a major shift in atmospheric circulation patterns of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the West African Monsoon (WAM), the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) also called Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Those atmospheric perturbations were documented altogether around 1400 AD at a time of reduced solar activity (Spörer, 1450-1550Maunder, 1645-1715AD and Dalton, 1790-1820, lower sunspot occurrence (Paasche and Bakke, 2010;Easterbrook, 2016;Owens et al., 2017;Zharkova et al., 2019), as well as a decrease in greenhouse gas contents (CO 2 and CH 4 ), which remained low until about 1800 AD (Robertson et al., 2001;Siegenthaler et al., 2005;Macfarling Meure et al., 2006). ...
The hard and soft tissue remains of a pre-Hispanic population of the Gran Canaria Island at six different archaeological localities were studied using 14C dating and stable isotope compositions. Radiocarbon dating indicates island occupation ranging from the beginning of the 7th to the mid-14th century. We analyzed the oxygen isotope compositions of apatite phosphate bones of some pre-Hispanic individuals. The oxygen isotope compositions of meteoric water (δ18Ow) show a significant decrease from − 2.1 ± 1.5 to − 4.4 ± 1.2‰ (VSMOW) from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA). This is interpreted to reflect a decrease in air temperature by about 5 ± 3 ◦C. Archaeological data along with δ13C, δ15N and δ34S values of soft tissue indicate that the pre-Hispanic population from Gran Canaria relied on agriculture throughout the 7th to mid-14th cen- tury. However, a significant contribution of seafood to the diet of the pre-Hispanic population is observed at archaeological sites located close to the shore. These results suggest cultural resilience in the pre-Hispanic population of Gran Canaria, reflected in the relative constancy of their diet in light of climate change.
