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![Geometrical data of the Heat Collector Element (HCE) [12].](publication/344856601/figure/tbl1/AS:1021812632739841@1620630524169/Geometrical-data-of-the-Heat-Collector-Element-HCE-12_Q320.jpg)
![Estimates of optical efficiency terms [13].](publication/344856601/figure/tbl3/AS:1021812632723467@1620630524217/Estimates-of-optical-efficiency-terms-13_Q320.jpg)
The aim of this work was to propose a small-scale Concentrated Solar Power plant using conventional technologies, in order to improve their flexibility and performances, and reinforce their competitiveness compared to traditional systems. Additionally, this study analyzed the possibility of providing continuity of energy production through an optim...
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Context 1
... these reasons, a further step in this study is represented by the use of Organic Rankine cycle power plants, in order to increase the overall efficiency of the whole system as well as to reduce the heat loss to the environment. With reference to the plant scheme represented in Figure 1, the available heat from the intercooled compressions, from the regenerator and from the flue gases exiting the biomass boilers are considered and the mathematical models are explained in Section 3.4. ...
Context 2
... these reasons, a further step in this study is represented by the use of Organic Rankine cycle power plants, in order to increase the overall efficiency of the whole system as well as to reduce the heat loss to the environment. With reference to the plant scheme represented in Figure 1, the available heat from the intercooled compressions, from the regenerator and from the flue gases exiting the biomass boilers are considered and the mathematical models are explained in Section 3.4. ...
Context 3
... five thermal states identified above have to satisfy the following system of equations: Figure 1. Schematic plant layout. ...
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Geothermal energy is the best natural, renewable resource through which wastewater can be treated and reused, serving many lives. This study discusses a proposed plan using geothermal energy to treat wastewater in the ORC system. Primary geothermal resources are water-related, with a temperature above 120 ℃. In UAE, examined the areas through the m...
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Citations
... In this regard, the thermal energy recovery can be accounted also for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) opportunity [11]. Combination with solar and, in general, renewable energies, gives another degree of sustainable application [12,13], opening also to solar cooling and trigeneration [14], and integration with other energy systems (hydrogen production and storage, desalination, drying, etc. [15,16]). More recently, the integration of the waste heat recovery section to mitigate the penalty on Carbon Capture and Storage technologies has also been explored [17,18]. ...
... Energies 2023,16, 3503 ...
Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) are experiencing a transition era in which research and innovation are mainly pushed by environmental issues: emission reduction and fuel saving are indispensable requirements of the new technologies, otherwise the end of ICE is proposed in Europe. Modifications, in reality, are under discussion by 2026 but the environmental issues are anyway welcomed. In the transportation sector, today dominated by ICEs, it appears that the reduction in the propulsion power, hybridization at various degrees, and exhaust post-treatment improvements will guarantee technological solutions able to support the transition in the next couple of decades toward full electric propulsion. Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is a very interesting opportunity since almost two-thirds of fuel energy is not converted into mechanically useful energy. Moreover, the integration with other thermal streams on board (cooling and lubricating mediums, EGR cooling) can add further value to the recovery opportunity as well as the concept of managing the engine thermal management which can produce a sensible contribution that is appreciated mainly during urban driving. A huge scientific effort is underway, and a great expectation is perceptible. More generally, the technological options that can achieve a reduction in overall fuel consumption and, thus, the improvement of global engine efficiency, are the most valuable when they can be introduced without massive changes to the engine layout. This happens in all the energy applications in which ICEs are involved since the recovery unit can be introduced in the exhaust line. The mechanical energy recovered can be easily transformed into electrical energy, so represents an interesting integration with the hybrid propulsion powertrains. In this paper, a review of the most important technologies referred to the WHR is presented, outlining advantages and drawbacks, and setting up the presently available technologies referred to the transportation sector.
... Thus, supercritical CO 2 outperforms other HTFs due to its advantages in physical properties and thermal stability. References [12,13] provide a comprehensive review of different HTFs. ...
An urgent need to enable the operation of parabolic trough concentrators at higher temperatures for higher efficiency of the coupled power cycles is manifested in the state-of-art literature. Supercritical carbon dioxide is a promising fluid for the next generation of these concentrators. However, the inflated radiative thermal losses at elevated temperatures are the main challenge, and the relatively large absorber diameters are questionable for supercritical pressures. This study proposes a novel 1-D analytical model, coupled with Monte Carlo ray tracing, for evaluating internally shielded receivers based on the absorber tube's diameter and eccentricity, the heat shield's opening angle, as well as the operating conditions. The results suggest that increasing the tube diameter reduces the performance dependency on tube eccentricity, but also reduces the optical performance. Shielding the receiver is favorable for opening angles up to 160 •. The impact of operating pressure is marginal, compared to flow rate and temperature. A shielded receiver with an opening angle of 160 • , eccentricity of − 10 mm, and tube diameter of 50 mm maximizes the exergy efficiency up to 45.9%, whereas a receiver with corresponding values of 80 • , − 15 mm, and 80 mm, respectively, maximizes the energy efficiency up to 77.2%. Shielded receivers also boost the efficiency by up to 10.6%, compared to conventional 70 mm receivers. These performance enhancements are expected to elevate the efficiency of the integrated systems with minimal economic and environmental impacts due to the simplicity of the proposed solution.
... Intermittent solar radiation can impair the process of generating electricity. Consequently, the DVG solar ORC system is often kept operational by using thermal energy storage [23]. It is challenging and time-consuming to choose the ideal heat storage for thermal power generating systems. ...
Phase change materials employed as thermal energy storage can aid in maximizing the use of stored solar energy. The current research examined the impact of three kinds of phase change materials (PCMs) on the dynamic performance of a solar organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system based on a direct vapor production. A number of evacuated flat plate collectors, a condenser, an expander, and an organic fluid pump make up this system. The thermodynamic cycle model of the direct vapor generation (DVG) solar ORC system was combined with the finite difference model of a phase change material heat storage tank created in MATLAB. The effect of PCMs (Organic, Inorganic and Eutectic PCMs) on the collector, ORC, and system efficiency, net power output, PCM temperature, and heat stored was studied weekly, monthly, and annually. Among the selected PCMs, Mg(NO3)2.6H2O had the highest system efficiency at 9.34%; KNO3-NaNO2 had the highest net power output at 33.80 kW; and MgCl2.6H2O stored the maximum energy of 20.18 MJ annually. Under the given operational and boundary conditions, the spring and fall were preferable to the summer and winter months for storing heat from phase change materials.
... This book contains the successful invited submissions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] to the Special Issue of Energies "Modeling, Optimization and Testing of Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Their Integration in Energy Conversion Processes" on the subject area of "Thermal management". ...
... In this regard, Tascioni et al. [1] numerically investigated the potentiality and the optimal energy management of an innovative Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) in a small-scale concentrated solar combined heat and power plant. Cinocca et al. [2] proposed a small-scale concentrated solar power plant integrated with an ORC and a packed-bed TES section, using alumina rock as the storage medium and air as heat transfer fluid, to provide a continuous energy production. Sattar et al. [3] investigated the potentiality of using suspended nanoparticles of various materials to improve the absorption efficiency of water in a Direct Absorption Collector in solar applications. ...
This book contains the successful invited submissions [...]
... Solar radiation has an intermittent nature, which can hinder the power generation process. Therefore, thermal energy storage is generally used to run the smooth operation of the DVG solar ORC system [22,23]. There are two types of storage that were reported in the past, namely, latent heat thermal storage (LTS) and sensible thermal storage (STS). ...
Solar energy is a potential source for a thermal power generation system. A direct vapor generation solar organic Rankine cycle system using phase change material storage was analyzed in the present study. The overall system consisted of an arrangement of evacuated flat plate collectors, a phase-change-material-based thermal storage tank, a turbine, a water-cooled condenser, and an organic fluid pump. The MATLAB programming environment was used to develop the thermodynamic model of the whole system. The thermal storage tank was modeled using the finite difference method and the results were validated against experimental work carried out in the past. The hourly weather data of Karachi, Pakistan, was used to carry out the dynamic simulation of the system on a weekly, monthly, and annual basis. The impact of phase change material storage on the enhancement of the overall system performance during the charging and discharging modes was also evaluated. The annual organic Rankine cycle efficiency, system efficiency, and net power output were observed to be 12.16%, 9.38%, and 26.8 kW, respectively. The spring and autumn seasons showed better performance of the phase change material storage system compared to the summer and winter seasons. The rise in working fluid temperature, the fall in phase change material temperature, and the amount of heat stored by the thermal storage were found to be at a maximum in September, while their values became a minimum in February.
The amount of available, nonrenewable, natural resources for power generation is continuously decreasing and a need for a sustainable alternative is becoming more paramount. A recently proposed solution for a clean, renewable, sustainable small to mid-scale power generation system is analyzed involving a solar-powered organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with an intermediate thermal energy storage (TES) and complete flashing cycle (CFC). The system has better dispatchability over conventional power production methods as well as a simplified overall plant layout. The system under consideration is thoroughly discussed in the early sections of this paper. The focus of this paper is to complete an energy and exergy analysis of each component of the system to identify locations of irreversibilities or losses and quantify them. Multiple parametric studies and performance improvements are also completed whereby optimal operating temperatures are chosen, to maximize the system’s performance. Assumptions necessary for the analyses are stated and justified with a presentation of the findings. A discussion of the parametric studies and system alterations proposes potential improvements on the system regarding reduced exergy destruction and improved overall energy and exergy efficiencies.
