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Anxiety about and fear of dental treatment have been recognized as sources of problems in the management of child dental patients. It has been suggested that some individuals who are fearful of or anxious about dental treatment have a constitutional vulnerability to anxiety disorders as is evidenced by the presence of multiple fears, generalized an...
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... has proved useful for numerous applications in human resources, career counsel- ling, clinical settings and research. Figure 1 shows the schematic picture of temperament- related personality traits as supposed by Eyzenck. The General Anxiety Scale for Children (GASC) is a 45 item yes/no scale for use with children in grades 1-9. ...
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Citations
... The 12 included studies were published between 1974 and 2021 [16][17][18][19][20][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . Most studies included children under 12 years of age, and none of them included adolescents over 16 years of age. ...
... These studies were conducted in nine different countries, distributed in three different continents. Ten studies had crosssectional designs [16][17][18][19][20][27][28][29][30]33 , whereas two were case-control designs 31,32 . ...
... To evaluate the temperament, five studies used different versions of EAS instruments [16][17][18]20,32 , two studies used EPQ instruments 19,30 , and one study elaborated its own instrument using the Buss and Plomin approach 29 . The other four studies used different validated instruments to evaluate the dimensions of temperament in different ways 27,28,31,33 . ...
Objective:
To investigate the relationship between temperament traits and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) in children and adolescents by the means of a systematic review (PROSPERO #CRD42020207578).
Methods:
The PEO (Population, Exposure, and Outcome) strategy was followed using children and adolescents as the population, temperament as the exposure, and DFA as the outcome. A systematic search for observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort) without restrictions on year or language of publication was performed in seven databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Embase, Cochrane, and PsycINFO) in September 2021. Grey literature search was performed in OpenGrey, Google Scholar, and in the reference list of included studies. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment were carried out independently by two reviewers. The Fowkes and Fulton Critical Assessment Guideline was used to assess methodological quality of each study included. The GRADE approach was performed to determine the certainty of evidence of relationship between temperament traits.
Results:
This study recovered 1362 articles, of which 12 were included. Despite the high heterogeneity of methodological aspects, qualitative synthesis by subgroups showed a positive association/correlation between emotionality, neuroticism, and shyness with DFA in children and adolescents. Different subgroups analysis showed similar results. Eight studies were classified as having low methodological quality.
Conclusion:
The main shortcoming of the included studies is the high risk of bias and a very low certainty of evidence. Within its limitations, children and adolescents with a temperament-like emotionality/neuroticism and shyness are more likely to present higher DFA.
... La inasistencia al Odontólogo desde edades pediátricas puede provocar una inadecuada salud oral, que a futuro requiera de la búsqueda de tratamiento especializado por causas evitables, secundarias al miedo y la ansiedad, lo que además afecta la calidad de los servicios prestados, requiriendo más tiempo de atención. La interacción con el paciente ansioso, constituye uno de los aspectos más estresantes de la práctica profesional odontológica; debido, entre otras causas, a que esta se sostiene en tres elementos claves: la formación científica del odontólogo y su equipo colaborador, la tecnología empleada y la relación odontólogo-paciente. (8) Los dos primeros elementos tienen carácter objetivo y están estrechamente vinculados al conocimiento científico; mientras que el tercero es evidentemente subjetivo. La forma empática en que se establezca esa relación distingue la actividad profesional de éste y contribuye al éxito de la atención. ...
... La relación odontólogoinfante, ha de estar basada en el respeto a los pares y la confianza del segundo (paciente) en el primero (profesional). La misma debe trascender la dimensión clínica del tratamiento y facilitar la comunicación entre ambos, (4)(5)(6)(7)(8) la que puede estar mediada por la influencia que en ese sentido ejercen los padres, responsables de llevar al niño a su cita dental y deciden a que edad deben hacerlo. ...
Dental anxiety in children is related to the oral health of adults. A descriptive, cross-sectional study with a mixed approach was carried out during January to December 2016. We worked with the entire population, consisting of children under five years of age, of both sexes (20 individuals) during the period of study went to the stomatological attention consultations in the Medical-Dental Dispensary of Marcopamba, in the province of Bolivar, Ecuador. Through informed consent, parental approval was obtained for their children to participate in the study. A data collection form was created, which allowed to explore the frequency of assistance to the dentist, the reasons for consultations and the realization of the tooth brushing technique. To determine the presence of dental anxiety and fear, the Modified Corah Dental Anxiety Scale was used, which validates Cronbach's alpha reliability index of 0.86 and a certain validity as acceptable. Attendance to dental consultation predominated due to the presence of dental pain. The entire study population reported not doing tooth brushing four times a day. The clinical classification of very anxious and restless was predominant among the participating individuals, which suggests the need to establish strategies for the promotion of oral health and prevention of oral diseases, to reduce factors that cause fear and fear to the dentist.
... Evaluating dental anxiety, it can both occur in children and adults. Varience in percentage of populations may occur due to parent attitudes, population norms, dentist attitude and cooperation for explanation and social status (12)(13)(14)(15). ...
Objective: The term general anaesthesia refers to a state of unconsciousness under control using pharmacological or non pharmacological agents in which patient reflexes are compeletely or partially lost. Concious sedation is a drug-induced state in which the conscious patient is rendered free of fear, anxiety, and apprehension while remaining comfortably relaxed. Both of these methods are used for various reasons in dental clinics for many years and their use in dentistry practice is increasing. Aim of this study is to quantify the number and demographic data of patients that received a dental general anaesthesia (DGA) or conscious sedation (CS) following referral from a general dental practice. Study also aimed to determine the reasons of referral and dental treatment modalities performed during the sessions. Methods: This study includes patient records who had undergone dental general anaesthesia and conscious sedation in Medipol University Dental Hospital General Anaesthesia Clinic. Data were collected from records of the University Dental Hospital. The collected information included gender, age, type of DGA/ CS, reason for DGA, treatment modalities as tooth extraction, restorative, endodontics, periodontics and pedodontics. Results: 896 patients were referred for DGA/CS during the two-year period. The mean age was 15.5 years and 27.3% were underaged children. The most common reason for DGA was dental anxiety (46.5%). 79.4% of patientd received DGA, while only 20.6% received CS. The highest mean in treatments is for decidious pulp capping (4.57) followed by decidious pulp amputation (3.57). Conclusion: Majority of the patients receiving DGA/CS are formed by dental anxiety patients. Also, the rate of underaged children were very high (27.3%).
... In the management of dental anxiety, some response measures (psychological support, biofeedback, and relaxation techniques) are recommended [4]. ...
In their daily practice dentists frequently have patients showing signs of stress-related oral manifestations in different forms. Stress-related aetiology of oral changes are still not investigated enough, and present a subgroup of psychosomatic diseases which had been recognized in medicine a long time ago. Recognition of such psychological or emotional disturbance needs deep evaluation “per exclusionem”, and is beneficial for both the patient and clinician. Psychological management should be taken into consideration when treating patients with these psychosomatic disorders. Therapeutic approach comprises different forms of psychotherapy and medication as well.
... Psychoticism is characterized as a dimension of socialization, and children with high scores tend to be cruel and insensitive, somewhat unconcerned about others, hostile even to the most intimate, depreciate danger, and take pleasure in disturbing others. Extraversion characterizes people who are impulsive, unconcerned, optimistic, spontaneous, and open to interpersonal relationships, that is, sociable (Pop-Jordanova et al. 2013). ...
Aim
The objective of this study was to analyze the reassuring role of music associated with the personality traits of children during dental care.
Method
The study involved a randomized crossover clinical trial with 34 children, aged from 4 to 6 years, who exhibited two carious lesions on the occlusal surfaces of the molars. The children were divided into two groups: (G1) first tooth restoration intervention session with music, second session without music; and (G2) first tooth restoration intervention session without music, second session with music. The first consultation was to perform a clinical examination, and the second and third to perform modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (mART). Symphony No. 40 by Mozart was played via headphones. Pulse rate (PR) was measured using a pulse oximeter. The Brazilian version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior (EPQ-J) was used to measure the children’s personality. For statistical analysis, descriptive, Chi-square, and Wilcoxon tests were carried out.
Results
The G1 group exhibited a lower PR at the time of the intervention during the second consultation compared to the third consultation (p = 0.012). The G2 group exhibited a lower PR at the time of the intervention during the third consultation compared to the first consultation (p = 0.002). The majority of the children with a low level of extraversion presented with higher PR (p = 0.005).
Conclusion
Music could reduce the PR among children during dental intervention. Children with low extraversion showed a tendency towards a higher PR without music during dental care.
... The results found pointed out that the levels of anxiety in all the age-ranges varied from low to moderate when the DASS scale was used, similar to the results found by Assunção et al. [17] in which they used the same instrument for measuring anxiety in patients from 8 to 17 years. The percentage of children who presented anxiety in the present study was high (VPT 70.5% and DAS 89%), in agreement with the studies of Ollé et al. [18] in which they also used the VPT as the instrument for evaluating 48 children; and Pop-Jordanova et al. [19] who conducted a study with 50 children with the aim of measuring anxiety in the face of dental interventions. However, the literary findings of Popescu et al. [20] who also studied children from 6 to 12 years of age, by means of the DASS scale, reported that only 22.68% of the children presented anxiety. ...
Objective:
To determine the profile of children from 6 to 12 years of age, in relation to anxiety towards dental treatment and evaluate the main factors that trigger anxiety in this population.
Methods:
The sample was composed of 200 children with an average age of 8.5 years who attended the Clinic of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Campina Grande and the Basic Healthcare Units of the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil between June 2015 and May 2016. Anxiety was assessed using the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Venham Picture Test. The Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the level of significance of the associations between the variables
Results:
Anxiety was observed in the majority of children (Dental Anxiety Scale - 89% and Venham Picture Test - 70.5%) and the predominant levels were low to moderate. The child´s age group was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.014) by the Venham Picture Test, while gender did not present this correlation. Anxiety was influenced by all the factors studied: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling.
Conclusion:
The majority of children presented anxiety and the trigger factors: making the appointment, waiting room, rotary instrument and periodontal scaling contributed considerably to its development.
... In our previous study [4] in a sample of 50 schoolers, we showed the presence of high anxiety level among all children undergoing dental intervention. There were differences in anxiety scores between girls and boys, girls having higher scores. ...
BACKGROUND: Fear of the dentist and dental treatment is a common problem. It can cause treatment difficulties for the practitioner, as well as severe consequences for the patient. As is known, the level of stress can be evaluated thought electrodermal activity, cortisol measure in saliva, or indirectly by psychometric tests.
AIM: The present study examined the psychological influence of dental interventions on the child as well as coping patterns used for stress diminution.
METHODS: We examined two matched groups of patients: a) children with orthodontic problems (anomalies in shape, position and function of dentomaxillofacial structures) (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.02) years; and b) children with ordinary dental problems (N = 31, mean age 10.3 ± 2.4 years). As psychometric instruments, we used: 45 items Sarason’s scale for anxiety, 20 items simple Stress - test adapted for children, as well as A - cope test for evaluation coping patterns.
RESULTS: Obtained scores confirmed the presence of moderate anxiety in both groups as well as moderate stress level. For Sarason’s test obtained scores for the group with dental problems are 20.63 ± 8.37 (from max 45); and for Stress test 7.63 ± 3.45 (from max 20); for the orthodontic group obtained scores are 18.66 ± 6.85 for Sarason’s test, while for the Stress test were 7.76 ± 3.78. One way ANOVA confirmed a significant difference in values of obtained scores related to the age and gender. Calculated Student t - test shows non-significant differences in obtained test results for both groups of examinees. Coping mechanisms evaluated by A - cope test shows that in both groups the most important patterns used for stress relief are: developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity.
CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that moderate stress level and anxiety are present in both groups of patients (orthodontic and dental). Obtained scores are depending on gender and age. As more used coping patterns in both groups are developing self-reliance and optimism; avoiding problems and engaging in demanding activity. Some strategies for managing this problem are discussed.
