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![Schematic overview of the defects seen in tetralogy of Fallot. A) Pulmonary stenosis; B) Overriding aorta; C) Malalignment ventricular septal defect; D) Right ventricular hypertrophy [175].](profile/Harshawardhan-Ramteke/publication/361898745/figure/fig1/AS:1176484001656834@1657507052763/Schematic-overview-of-the-defects-seen-in-tetralogy-of-Fallot-A-Pulmonary-stenosis-B.png)
Schematic overview of the defects seen in tetralogy of Fallot. A) Pulmonary stenosis; B) Overriding aorta; C) Malalignment ventricular septal defect; D) Right ventricular hypertrophy [175].
Source publication
One of the most common types of cyanotic congenital heart disease is Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Treatment has constantly increased since the first surgical repair in 1954. Excellent treatment having long-term survival (30 years survival ranges from 68.5% to 90.5%) is available for the ToF. However conventional and frequently required re-interventio...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... commonly occurring cyanotic congenital heart disease, Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) occurs 0.34 per 1000 live birth [1]. The classic tetrad (Figure 1) was first styled in 1673 by bishop and anatomist Nicolas Steno, but the anatomy was more broadly defined by the French physician Étienne-Louis Fallot in 1888 [2,3] Depending upon the severity of pulmonary artery (PA) anatomy and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT), varying degrees of cyanosis is experienced by patients with ToF. Variation from mild to more severe phenotypes is expressed as anatomical abnormalities in ToF. ...
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Purpose
Several adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rToF) undergo pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) to reduce the right ventricular volume and retain right ventricular function. However, there is currently no consensus on the ideal time for PVR surgery in asymptomatic patients with rTOF with pulmonary regurgitation (PR). Clinical outcomes aft...
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common congenital heart disease. The most common risk factor for TOF is Down syndrome(DS). There are two management approaches for TOF: medication and operation. Operation/surgical treatment is consisted of palliative shunt and definitive repair. In several case patients with TOF develop collaterals or major ao...
Background
In repaired tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) patients with residual right ventricular (RV) outflow tract obstructions (RVOTO), risk stratification and timing of re-interventions are based on RVOTO gradients. However, this might be insufficient to prevent RV dysfunction. Instead, assessment of RV to pulmonary arterial (RV-PA) coupling allows int...
