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![Figure 2.2: Energy band diagram of Er 3+ ins [18].](profile/Divyangna-Gandhi-2/publication/363443331/figure/fig3/AS:11431281121348142@1676955063749/Energy-band-diagram-of-Er-3-ins-18_Q320.jpg)
This paper highlights a proposed optimized gain flatness technique for nonuniform gain spectrum of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) by introduction of long period fiber gratings (LPFG). In this analysis, EDFA gain spectrum has been evaluated between 1525 and 1600 nm with −20 dBm input signal power. Attenuation peaks of LPFG are optimized wit...
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We propose and demonstrate a novel curvature and temperature sensor based on an off-axis small-period long-period fiber grating (SP-LPG) which is inscribed in a single mode fiber by a femtosecond laser in one step. The total length of the SP-LPG is only 2.1 mm. The period of the SP-LPG is 30 µm, which is smaller than that of conventional long perio...
Citations
... However, these network designs help the field teams understand the design's scope; develop the new network to meet users' requirements, and effective network management. This makes the operator to identify network vulnerabilities effectively and address the issues well in advance [15]. This paper proposes a WDM optical network with optimal EDFA length, input power, and pump power to achieve signal quality. ...
... However, at low input signal power, EDFA fails to attain sufficient energy for population inversion to maintain the amplification, which leads a high noise figure. From simulation results, it is observed that higher gain can obtain at high pump power, which shows their correlations of these factors [15]. Whereas, obtained relationship is inverse for the noise figure characteristic. ...
Lightwave system using Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) meets the demand over larger data rates, higher capacity, and improved network throughput. In this paper, we discuss the multi-channel WDM system's performance using a single-stage Erbium-Doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and compares BER, Q-factor and Eye-height for both co-channel and counter channel propagation. The proposed WDM system identifies the optimal EDFA length, Pump power and input power to achieve a high Q-factor, proper eye-opening characteristic and low Bit Error Rate (BER). The proposed WDM system is simulated using OptiSystem and results are compared for 16, 32 and 64 channel WDM systems. The proposed system's performance is evaluated by achieving low BER, high Q-factor, and higher gain with excellent eye characteristics, which enhance the signal quality at the receiver end. In this work, a 64-channel WDM system achieves min BER in the range of 10-15 – 10-19 in co-channel propagation and 10-16 from counter channel propagation. Furthermore, the proposed system achieves a low noise figure (NF) around <9dB and Flatten gain of 39.77±0.7dB from 1530nm to 1562nm operating bandwidth for 16,32 and 64 channel WDM system using single-stage EDFA.
Lightwave system using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) meets the demand over larger data rates, higher capacity, and improved network throughput. In this paper, we discuss the multi-channel WDM system’s performance using a single-stage erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and compares BER, Q-factor, and eye height for both co-channel and counter-channel propagation. The proposed WDM system identifies the optimal EDFA length, pump power, and input power to achieve a high Q-factor, proper eye-opening characteristic, and low bit error rate (BER). The proposed WDM system is simulated using OptiSystem, and results are compared for 16, 32, and 64-channel WDM systems. The proposed system's performance is evaluated by achieving low BER, high Q-factor, and higher gain with excellent eye characteristics, which enhance the signal quality at the receiver end. In this work, a 64-channel WDM system achieves min BER in the range of 10–15–10–19 in co-channel propagation and 10–16 from counter-channel propagation. Furthermore, the proposed system achieves a low noise figure (NF) around < 9 dB and flatten gain of 39.77 ± 0.7 dB from 1530 to 1562 nm operating bandwidth for 16, 32 and 64-channel WDM system using single-stage EDFA.KeywordsWDMEDFA lengthPump power
