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Schematic of integrated fabrication with motorized mechanical stages, µP interface, and a PC-based control system.
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A microprocessor controlled system for fabrication of 2 x 2 flame-fused biconical single-mode fiber directional couplers has been designed and realised. The system involves multiple motorized movements of mechanical stages, and an electronic hardware. The associated software developed for executing CPU operation enables presetting key fabrication c...
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... of the smallness of the fiber dimension, the process of fabrication requires a high degree of control over the process parameters, and even a minute perturbation in the process variables significantly affects the performance characteristics of the device [3]. Figure 2 shows a schematic of the integrated fabrication setup showing the mechani- cal hardware rig and the associated electronic control system. The mechanical system consists of a pair of translational pulling stages and a flame-holder assembly. ...
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... (3)] is used to characterize the loss of the proposed directional coupler, and it is defined as the negative logarithm of the ratio of total output power (P 2 + P 3 ) to input power (P 1 ), disregarding port 4 (P 4 ). Thus, it describes the power attenuation during the mode propagation in a clearer way and is an important quality index of the ODC [28]. ...
In this paper, a stable hybrid plasmonic optical directional coupler based on an embedded silver nanostructure that can offer a power transfer up to 95% is presented. This optimum power transfer is obtained at an outer edge-to-edge separation of 0.58 µm between the two waveguides. The obtained propagation loss is as low as 0.0863 dB/µm. The electric field distributions of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes of the coupler are compared, and the transmission characteristics are studied in detail using the finite element method. The performances of the directional coupler have been further characterized in terms of excess loss, coupling degree, and directionality. The shortest coupling length at which the maximum power coupling occurs is obtained as 2.488 µm. The proposed compact directional coupler features good field confinement and low propagation loss, which opens the door for many device applications in photonic-integrated circuits and optoelectronic industries.
One of the main directions in the development of optical communication systems is associated with the use of optical fiber (ОF) for data reception and transmission. Therefore, manufacturers began to pay special attention to the creation of new brands of OF, improving their optical and operational characteristics. This makes it possible to improve existing optical fiber components that use OF as an active medium. The most widely used are two-wavelength 1 × 2 WDM multiplexers/demultiplexers designed to separate and combine optical carriers with wavelengths of 1310 and 1550 nm, corresponding to the second and third transparency windows of quartz OF. It should be noted that multiplexers and demultiplexers are the same optical devices, which are spectrally selective splitters. Such devices are distinguished by a sufficiently high level of optical characteristics at a relatively low cost of products. However, an analysis of the multiplexers produced in recent years shows that the characteristics of these devices do not sufficiently correspond to the set of modern requirements imposed by most system developers, in particular on permissible values of external influencing factors, insertion loss and the value of optical isolation of channels. Therefore, the development and research of WDM multiplexers with improved optical characteristics is relevant. One of the possible ways of optimizing such devices using new types of OF with resistance to bending losses, of which WDM multiplexers could be made. In this paper, we consider the possibilities of realizing fused single-mode multiplexers/demultiplexers based on combined fiber structures. The technology and equipment for the manufacture of these devices are presented. The optical characteristics of experimental samples of WDM multiplexers are investigated. The results of testing for the effect of temperature are given.
Based on the coupling mode theory that the coupling ratio of fiber coupler changes periodically with center distance of two
optical fibers, a novel manufacturing method of optical fiber couplers was developed with fused biconical taper experimental
system. Its fabrication process is that the fiber is fused but not stretched when light begins to split, and the reduction
of diameter of fiber is dependent on the rheological characteristic of the fused fiber-glass. The performance of the coupler
was tested. The results show that the performance of the novel optical fiber coupler meets the performance expectations, and
its diameter of coupling region (about 30 µm) is twice as long as that of classical fused biconical taper coupler (about 16
µm), so the default, that is, the device is easy to fracture, is restrained and the reliability is greatly improved.
To find out the influence of technological parameters on optical performance of fused optical fiber device, the fiber coupler
was served as subject investigated by using the fused biconical taper machining as experimental setup. Fused fiber coupler’s
optical performances such as insertion loss, excess loss, directivity and uniformity were tested with the optical test system
that was constituted of tunable laser and optical spectrum analyzer. Especially the relationship between optical performance
and drawing speed was investigated. The experimental results show that the optical performance is closely related to process
conditions. At fused temperature of 1 200 °C, there exists a drawing speed of 150 μm/s, which makes the device’s performance
optimum. Out of this speed region, the optical performance drops quickly. At drawing speed of 200 μm/s, the excess loss is
relatively small when the fused temperature is above 1 200 °C. So the technological parameters have close relationship with
optical performance of the coupler, and the good performance coupler can’t get until the drawing speed and fused temperature
match accurately.
