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Schematic of different heating strategies. (A) Periodic heating; (B) indirect heating; (C) multiple-light-source heating; (D) surface cooling.
Source publication
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising alternative therapy for benign or even malignant tumors. To improve the selective heating of tumor cells, target-specific photothermal conversion agents are often included, especially nanoparticles. Meanwhile, some indirect methods by manipulating the radiation and heat delivery are also adopted. Therefore,...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... photothermal therapy, different heating strategies are usually achieved by manipulating the incident light. Dombrovsky et al. have proposed two effective heating strategies for photothermal therapy, i.e. periodic heating [76] and indirect heating [79] (see Fig. 7A and B). The periodic heating means that the laser radiation operates periodically which allows a certain cooling time. It was pointed out that periodic heating has two advantages compared with continuous heating: (a) the overheating of the surrounding healthy tissue can be largely reduced and (b) the unfavorable increase of blood ...
Context 2
... problem for the photothermal therapy assisted by nanoparticles is that the near-infrared radiation could attenuate quickly after it reaches the interface between the tumor and healthy tissue, which leads to a hot spot in the upper boundary of the tumor. To solve this problem, Yin et al. proposed a multiple-light-source heating strategy (see Fig. ...
Context 3
... spectral transient radiative problems of a wIRA irradiated superficial human tissue. [131] Results showed that the established 1-D numerical model is accurate enough to predict the temperature variation. Despite the above-mentioned method, surface cooling is also widely adopted to directly alleviate the surface overheating problem (see Fig. 7D). [105] To minimize the thermal damage to the superficial tissue, additional cooling techniques can be applied, such as ice packs, ice baths, coolant gel packs, and even sprays. [132] Specifically, for photothermal therapy, the cooling technique applied should not interfere with the light path. A more practical method is to use cooling ...
Citations
... The efficacy of the PTT process is largely dependent on the PTAs utilized. Commonly employed PTAs include inorganic materials like gold nanoparticles, palladium nanosheets, and transition metal dichloride, as well as organic nanoparticles such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polydopamine (PDA) [17][18][19][20]. PDA is considered a promising PTA due to its ease of synthesis, good photostability, and excellent biosafety [21][22][23]. ...
Due to the limitations of single-model tumor therapeutic strategies, multimodal combination therapy have become a more favorable option to enhance efficacy by compensating for its deficiencies. However, in nanomaterial-based multimodal therapeutics for tumors, exploiting synergistic interactions and cascade relationships of materials to achieve more effective treatments is still a great challenge. Based on this, we constructed a nanoplatform with a “triple-linkage” effect by cleverly integrating polydopamine (PDA), silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and glucose oxidase (GOx) to realize enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and activatable metal ion therapy (MIT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. First, the non-radiative conversion of PDA under light conditions was enhanced by AgNPs, which directly enhanced the photothermal conversion efficiency of PDA. In addition, GOx reduced the synthesis of cellular heat shock proteins by interfering with cellular energy metabolism, thereby enhancing cellular sensitivity to PTT. On the other hand, H2O2, a by-product of GOx-catalyzed glucose, could be used as an activation source to activate non-toxic AgNPs to release cytotoxic Ag⁺, achieving activatable Ag⁺-mediated MIT. In conclusion, this nanosystem achieved efficient PTT and MIT for HCC by exploiting the cascade effect among PDA, AgNPs, and GOx, providing a novel idea for the design of multimodal tumor therapeutic systems with cascade regulation.
Graphical abstract
... A variety of nanoparticles, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), polydopamine (PDA), and many others, have been employed as templates for the synthesis of smaller nanozymes [21][22][23]. Among those various templates, PDA has attracted immense interest owing to its high surface area and abundance of amino functional groups, which offer numerous binding sites for metal ions and facilitate nanozyme growth. ...
... Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising treatment modality for various diseases that involves the use of microwaves, radio frequencies, NIR, or visible light to activate photothermal agents. When activated, these photothermal agents can elevate their temperature as well as that of the surrounding tissues, resulting in a therapeutic effect that can inhibit abnormal tissue growth and also exhibit anti-inflammatory actions synergistically [23,29,30]. PDA, in particular, has a strong absorption capacity in the NIR region and high photothermal conversion efficiency [31]. ...
Background
Acute gouty is caused by the excessive accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals within various parts of the body, which leads to a deterioration of the local microenvironment. This degradation is marked by elevated levels of uric acid (UA), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, hypoxic conditions, an upsurge in pro-inflammatory mediators, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Results
In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoparticle of polydopamine-platinum (PDA@Pt) to combat acute gout by leveraging mild hyperthermia to synergistically enhance UA degradation and anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, PDA acts as a foundational template that facilitates the growth of a Pt shell on the surface of its nanospheres, leading to the formation of the PDA@Pt nanomedicine. Within this therapeutic agent, the Pt nanoparticle catalyzes the decomposition of UA and actively breaks down endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to produce O2, which helps to alleviate hypoxic conditions. Concurrently, the PDA component possesses exceptional capacity for ROS scavenging. Most significantly, Both PDA and Pt shell exhibit absorption in the Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) region, which not only endow PDA@Pt with superior photothermal conversion efficiency for effective photothermal therapy (PTT) but also substantially enhances the nanomedicine’s capacity for UA degradation, O2 production and ROS scavenging enzymatic activities. This photothermally-enhanced approach effectively facilitates the repair of mitochondrial damage and downregulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions
The multifunctional nanomedicine PDA@Pt exhibits exceptional efficacy in UA reduction and anti-inflammatory effects, presenting a promising potential therapeutic strategy for the management of acute gout.
Graphical Abstract
... In order to explain the high photothermal conversion efficiency of photothermal materials doped with nanomaterials, it is necessary to understand the working principle of photothermal materials. As we all know, nanomaterials are typical mesoscopic systems with surface, small size and macroscopic quantum tunneling effects (7). At the same time, the optical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, mechanical and chemical properties of nanomaterials are significantly different from those of bulk solids (8). ...
Glioma has a high malignant degree and poor prognosis, which seriously affects the prognosis of patients. Traditional treatment methods mainly include craniotomy tumor resection, postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although above methods have achieved remarkable curative effect, they still have certain limitations and adverse reactions. With the introduction of the concept of minimally invasive surgery and its clinical application as well as the development and progress of imaging technology, minimally invasive treatment of glioma has become a research hotspot in the field of neuromedicine, including photothermal treatment, photodynamic therapy, laser-induced thermal theraphy and TT-Fields of tumor. These therapeutic methods possess the advantages of precision, minimally invasive, quick recovery and significant curative effect, and have been widely used in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to introduce the progress of minimally invasive treatment of glioma in recent years and the achievements and prospects for the future.
... Photothermal therapy (PTT) employs photothermal agents to convert light energy into heat, generating hyperthermia at specific tumour locations upon nearinfrared (NIR) light exposure. This process causes tissue harm and triggers apoptosis in tumour cells (Ren et al., 2022). PTT can effectively enhance the intracellular drug concentration and improve cell membrane permeability, thereby enhancing the susceptibility of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. ...
Due to its inherent membrane structure, a nanostructure enveloped by an active cell membrane possesses distinctive characteristics such as prolonged presence in the bloodstream, precise identification capabilities, and evasion of immune responses. This research involved the production of biomimetic nanoparticles, specifically hollow gold nanoparticles (HGNPs) loaded with methotrexate (MTX), which were further coated with cancer cell membrane. These nanoparticles were then adorned with AS1411 aptamer to serve as a targeting agent (Apt-CCM-HG@MTX). The nanoplatform demonstrated precise targeting towards cancer cells due to its dual-targeting characteristic (AS1411 aptamer and C26 cancer cell membrane), exhibiting uniformity in distribution. It also displayed a desirable response to photothermal stimulation, controlled release of drugs, and exceptional properties for fluorescence imaging.
... Photothermal therapy (PTT) involves the use of photothermal agents with high photothermal conversion efficiency to generate heat under near-infrared (NIR) light exposure [13][14][15][16][17]. Recent studies have emphasized the crucial role of PTT in inducing tumor cell death, releasing tumor antigens, and reprogramming tumor immunogenicity, as evidenced by the increased infiltration of T cells in tumor cells and PD-L1 expression on tumor cell surfaces [18,19]. ...
Background
Patients with cold tumors gain limited benefits from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy owing to low programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression and minimal immune cell infiltration. Mild photothermal therapy (PTT) using black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) is a promising approach to enhance the efficacy of ICB therapy. However, to ensure that BPNS‐based PTT‐enhanced ICB therapy is clinically adaptable, a noninvasive, bedside‐accessible imaging tool capable of monitoring the status of PD‐L1 is imperative. We demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) using [⁶⁴Cu]HKP2202 precisely delineated PD‐L1 expression in tumors receiving PTT.
Methods
BPNSs were modified with polyethylene glycol to prepare BPNS@PEG, which were then characterized. MC38 cells and tumor allografts were treated with BPNS@PEG followed by 808 nm near‐infrared light exposure. PET using [⁶⁴Cu]HKP2202 was performed to monitor PD‐L1 expression in vivo. We also evaluated whether the efficacy of ICB therapy improved after delivering BPNS@PEG‐based PTT.
Results
BPNS@PEG had a well‐defined lamellar structure with clear edges and an average size of 150 nm. PET and Western blotting assays indicated that PD‐L1 expression was upregulated after BPNS@PEG and NIR‐light treatment. Notably, the antitumor effect of anti PD‐L1 therapy was enhanced in mice treated with BPNS@PEG‐based PTT.
Conclusions
BPNS@PEG had the capacity to convert cold tumors into hot tumors to facilitate the efficacy of ICB therapy. Importantly, the complementary diagnostic PET radiotracer targeting PD‐L1 allowed real‐time monitoring of PD‐L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment to guide ICB administration, holding great potential to achieve efficient and precise tumor immunotherapy.
... Phototherapy, which includes photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is being explored clinically as a treatment option for various forms of cancer [8,9]. PDT uses photosensitizers to produce singlet oxygen upon the administration of light [10], while PTT uses photothermal agents to enhance the laser-induced heating of cells and tissues [11]. While PDT has perhaps garnered more attention, particularly in clinical trials, PTT may offer several important advantages. ...
Background: Phthalocyanine (PC) and naphthalocyanine (NC) dyes have long garnered interest as theranostic agents for optical imaging and phototherapy due to their near-infrared absorbance, photostability, imaging contrast, and proven safety in clinical trials. Yet, only a small fraction of these dyes has been evaluated as photothermal therapy (PTT) agents for cancer treatment.
Methods: Nearly 40 distinct NC and PC dyes were encapsulated within polymeric PEG-PCL micelles via oil-in-water emulsions. The optimal NC/PC-loaded micelle formulations for PTT and photoacoustic (PA) imaging were identified through in vivo and in vitro studies.
Results: The most promising candidate, CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles, demonstrated a strong PA signal with a peak absorbance at ~870 nm, high photothermal efficiency, and photostability. The CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles exhibited heat generation as good or better than gold nanorods/nanoshells and >10-fold higher photoacoustic signals. Micelle preparation was reproducible/scalable, and the CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles are highly stable under physiological conditions. The CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles localize within tumors via enhanced permeability and retention and are readily detectable by PA imaging. In a syngeneic murine tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer, CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles demonstrate efficient heat generation with PTT, leading to the complete eradication of tumors.
Conclusions: CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles represent a promising theranostic agent for PA imaging and PTT. The ability to utilize conventional ultrasound in combination with PA imaging enables the simultaneous acquisition of information about tumor morphology and micelle accumulation. PTT with CuNC(Octa)-loaded micelles can lead to the complete eradication of highly invasive tumors.
... Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an appealing option in cancer treatments, offering a specific and effective treatment modality as an alternative to traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. [1][2][3][4][5] This therapy exploits the heat sensitivity of cancer cells, causing apoptosis or necrosis in the tumor tissue by subjecting it to superheated conditions. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] In principle, PTT based on photothermal agents (PTAs) offers a treatment technique that is less harmful to surrounding normal tissues. ...
... Thermophysical properties (e.g., thermal conductivity and heat capacity) of liquids are relevant to numerous applications, including thermal management of highpower electronic devices 1 , energy storage/harvesting systems 2 , and photothermal therapies 3 . There have been continuous efforts to measure thermophysical properties with microfluidics-integrated sensors 4-6 that offer the advantages of fast response time and low sample consumption. ...
For simultaneous and quantitative thermophysical measurements of ultrasmall liquid volumes, we have recently developed and reported heated fluidic resonators (HFRs). In this paper, we improve the precision of HFRs in a vacuum by significantly reducing the thermal loss around the sensing element. A vacuum chamber with optical, electrical, and microfluidic access is custom-built to decrease the convection loss by two orders of magnitude under 10 ⁻⁴ mbar conditions. As a result, the measurement sensitivities for thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity are increased by 4.1 and 1.6 times, respectively. When differentiating between deionized water (H 2 O) and heavy water (D 2 O) with similar thermophysical properties and ~10% different mass densities, the signal-to-noise ratio (property differences over standard error) for H 2 O and D 2 O is increased by 9 and 5 times for thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, respectively.
... Therefore, PPTT is an extensive research field of tumor treatment due to its highly targeted specificity and low toxicity [43,44]. However, due to the highly non-uniform nature of the tissue, metabolic heat production, blood perfusion, and the significant influence of large blood vessels, the application of PPTT in human tissue remains highly complex and challenging [45,46]. This work combines a comprehensive electrodynamics simulation to address the interaction between light and nanoparticles and proposes a tumor cell computational model that combines the physical properties of gold nanoparticles with the biological characteristics of tumor cell growth. ...
... Then, NIR irradiation is locally applied to the affected area to excite the surface plasmons of the PTA, causing the absorbed energy to be converted into heat through nonradiative relaxation. Subsequently, the temperature rises, leading to hyperthermia, which selectively targets and destroys cancer cells [6][7][8][9]. ...
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNMs), specifically graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have shown great potential in cancer therapy owing to their physicochemical properties. As GO and rGO strongly absorb light in the near-infrared (NIR) region, they are useful in photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancer treatment. However, despite the structural similarities of GO and rGO, they exhibit different influences on anticancer treatment due to their different photothermal capacities. In this review, various characterization techniques used to compare the structural features of GO and rGO are first outlined. Then, a comprehensive summary and discussion of the applicability of GBNMs in the context of PTT for diverse cancer types are presented. This discussion includes the integration of PTT with secondary therapeutic strategies, with a particular focus on the photothermal capacity achieved through near-infrared irradiation parameters and the modifications implemented. Furthermore, a dedicated section is devoted to studies on hybrid magnetic-GBNMs. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with the utilization of GBNM in PTT, with a primary emphasis on the potential for clinical translation, are addressed.
