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Schematic of an amperometric sensor. Between the working and reference electrode, a constant voltage is applied. The current, measured at the working electrode, changes when ozone is present in the measurement substance.
Source publication
There is increasing interest in the utilisation of medical gases, such as ozone, for the treatment of herniated disks, peripheral artery diseases, and chronic wounds, and for dentistry. Currently, the in situ measurement of the dissolved ozone concentration during the medical procedures in human bodily liquids and tissues is not possible. Further r...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... is an electrochemical measurement method [24,25]. The basic sensor structure is shown in Figure 4 and consists of a working, counter, and reference electrode, electrolyte, and membrane. The sensor is surrounded by the measurement substance, which consists of a gas or liquid solution. ...
Citations
... Therefore, initial measurements should utilize equipment with high precision in this range. The measurement range of various ozone sensors using different techniques for measurement was reported in [22]. Portable devices often rely on optical sensors with wide dynamic ranges. ...
We suggest a new method of localization of partial discharges in high-power electrical systems. Ozone in a hydrogenerator is produced by chemical reactions induced by partial discharges in the stator region. The transport of ozone in an operating hydrogenerator is analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics model. The main aim of this work is to evaluate the ozone distribution in the generator radiators. Ozone sources are introduced into the stator model in different positions to analyze their effect on the measured values at the sensing points of radiators. Our results demonstrate a possibility of localization of partial discharges in hydrogenerator stator bars by ozone emission.
... As a result, wearable sensors for measuring human physiologic parameters in a continuous [6,7], non-intrusive [8,9], and real-time manner [10,11] are undergoing quick progress. By integrating with chemical sensing technology, wearable sensors are gaining momentum, accelerating their expansion as replacements for the expensive analytical instruments in the health care industry due to their low cost, simplicity, and portability [12][13][14][15]. ...
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) not only are able to harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment or body and convert mechanical signals into electricity but can also inform us about pathophysiological changes and communicate this information using electrical signals, thus acting as medical sensors to provide personalized medical solutions to patients. In this review, we aim to present the latest advances in PENG-based non-invasive sensors for clinical diagnosis and medical treatment. While we begin with the basic principles of PENGs and their applications in energy harvesting, this review focuses on the medical sensing applications of PENGs, including detection mechanisms, material selection, and adaptive design, which are oriented toward disease diagnosis. Considering the non-invasive in vitro application scenario, discussions about the individualized designs that are intended to balance a high performance, durability, comfortability, and skin-friendliness are mainly divided into two types: mechanical sensors and biosensors, according to the key role of piezoelectric effects in disease diagnosis. The shortcomings, challenges, and possible corresponding solutions of PENG-based medical sensing devices are also highlighted, promoting the development of robust, reliable, scalable, and cost-effective medical systems that are helpful for the public.
... [1][2][3][4] Ozone (O 3 ) irritates the human respiratory system, leading to chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath and throat irritation. 5 O 3 is generated during chemical reactions between volatile organic compounds (VOC) that are exposed to light. 6 The human tolerance for O 3 is 0.3 ppm for a maximum of 15 min. ...
Ultraviolet-assisted thermal annealing (UVTA) has been widely used to fabricate solution-processed amorphous oxide semiconductor (AOS)-based transistors and photodetectors. However, this method has not been used for AOS-based gas sensors, even though AOS is a good gas sensing material. This study determines the effect of UVTA on the electrical properties of In-free amorphous ZnSnO (ZTO) thin films and their ozone (O3) gas sensing characteristics. UV light from a mercury lamp has sufficient energy to decompose the organic- and hydrogen-based impurities completely, which promotes the formation of metal oxide networks, so the quality of ZTO films is greatly increased by increasing treatment time. A relatively high gas response of 1.42 with a fast response/recovery time (124/78 s) is achieved. This strategy allows the fabrication of ZTO gas sensors at low temperature (150°C) and is applicable to flexible electronics.
... Unfortunately, a biomedical sensor is not available to directly determine the ozone dissolved in blood, thereby making it difficult to obtain a more precise experimental analysis of venturi ozone-blood mass transfer. Petani et al. (2020), in a very interesting review about the recent developments in ozone sensor technology for medical applications, discuss some ways to indirectly measure ozone only in blood plasma, not whole blood, using some biomarkers, and confirm that in situ measurements of the dissolved ozone concentration in human bodily liquids are not possible yet. We suggest the development of complementary protocols to evaluate the effects of venturi ozone-blood mass transfer, using parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, total antioxidant status, hemolysis concentrations, and oxidized glutathione content. ...
Abstract
Purpose
Ozone therapy is a powerful technique applied for several purposes to treat various diseases and conditions, especially in veterinary, dentistry, and human medicine. One modality of this therapy is through blood ozonation, a moderate immunomodulatory process that must consider the integrity of the blood components. In this work, a protocol was developed for in vitro blood ozonation.
Methods
The innovative blood ozonation process consists of a closed circuit for in vitro blood circulation, and the ozone was injected through a venturi device.
Results
Our results demonstrated that the protocol produced stability and statistically non-significant changes in hematological concentrations of the red and white blood cells and platelet series during the blood ozonation process using a gas flow of 0.125 L/min and an ozone concentration of 33 and 62 mg/L.
Conclusion
The venturi blood ozonation protocol, as a preliminary investigation, provides small variations of the hematological parameters.
... 17 Ozone is widely used in many aspects of medicine. 3,18 Ozone has a strong bactericidal effect of on a variety of microorganisms. 19 The bactericidal effect of ozone gas, water, and oil on three strains of multiple drug-resistant pathogens with the highest detection frequency of burn wounds in recent years was observed in vitro in this study. ...
Objective:
To examine the bactericidal effects of three different states of medical ozone (liquid, gas, and oil) against drug-resistant strains of common bacteria on burn wounds, which could as a clinical reference.
Methods:
Three multidrug-resistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pan-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ESBLs Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified from burn wounds. The colonies of the three varieties of bacteria were each carried out using the pour plate method prior to the start of the experiment. Then, depending on the state of ozone, different treatment procedures are applied. Group of ozone gas: in a closed glass jar, the bacterial liquid was injected into a single layer of sterile gauze, and the ozone gas concentration was held at 50 g/mL. The bacterial liquid was diluted and combined directly with ozone water in the ozone water group. Ozone is a type of oil: after the emulsifier was added to the oil group. The gas, water, and oil groups were rapidly neutralized and counted again after 5, 10, and 30 minutes.
Results:
Ozone gas and oil groups totally eliminated multidrug resistant bacteria in the above study within 30 minutes. (2) At 5 and 10 minutes, the difference in bactericidal effect between ozone gas group and ozone water and oil group was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between ozone water and oil groups (P>0.05); at the time of 30 minutes, the effects of bactericidal effect between ozone water group and ozone gas and oil had no significance (P> 0.05).
Conclusion:
Ozone has the ability to kill bacteria, depending on the treatment time, different ozone types should be chosen for sterilization and disinfection in clinical application.
... Many research scholars have conducted research in this area; Lv et al. (2013) used sensors and interactive visualization technology to visually analyze the molecules, cells and organs in the human body, so that medical workers could complete detection in the human body in a short time, so as to achieve a detection effect [20]. Petani et al. (2020) integrated an ozone sensor into medical and biological analysis equipment so that the dissolved ozone concentration of human body fluids and tissues, such as blood, could be measured on-site during medical procedures. It was found that significant progress can be made in measuring temperature, range, and response and recovery times [21]. ...
... Petani et al. (2020) integrated an ozone sensor into medical and biological analysis equipment so that the dissolved ozone concentration of human body fluids and tissues, such as blood, could be measured on-site during medical procedures. It was found that significant progress can be made in measuring temperature, range, and response and recovery times [21]. ...
With the outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) worldwide, developments in the medical field have aroused concerns within society. As science and technology develop, wearable medical sensors have become the main means of medical data acquisition. To analyze the intelligent development status of wearable medical sensors, the current work classifies and prospects the application status and functions of wireless communication wearable medical sensors, based on human physiological data acquisition in the medical field. By understanding its working principles, data acquisition modes and action modes, the work chiefly analyzes the application of wearable medical sensors in vascular infarction, respiratory intensity, body temperature, blood oxygen concentration, and sleep detection, and reflects the key role of wearable medical sensors in human physiological data acquisition. Further exploration and prospecting are made by investigating the improvement of information security performance of wearable medical sensors, the improvement of biological adaptability and biodegradability of new materials, and the integration of wearable medical sensors and intelligence-assisted rehabilitation. The research expects to provide a reference for the intelligent development of wearable medical sensors and real-time monitoring of human health in the follow-up medical field.
... The sensor has to be produced under sterile conditions or sterilized after the production to be free of infectious germs [4]. Previous work investigated applications of ozone sensors for different medical applications and the current approaches of inkjet-printed ozone sensors and developed an experimental setup for novel ozone sensors [5,6]. In order to further expand this research, we examined the biocompatibility of the materials, utilized for two exemplary amperometric and impedimetric ozone sensor approaches. ...
... Here, amperometric, impedimetric metal oxide semiconductors (MOS), impedimetric carbon nanotube (CNT), absorption, and photoluminescence sensors are focused. In previous work [5], the measurement principles and specific requirements for the ozone measurement during the oxygenozone therapy are explained in more detail. The measurement principles and their corresponding properties are listed in Table 1 [7]. ...
... Therefore, sensors that are built up by layer systems, in particular by printable layer systems, are considered in this paper, such as amperometric and impedimetric sensors. The schematic illustrations of the amperometric and impedimetric sensor principles are shown in Figure 3 and are explained in detail in previous work [5]. An amperometric sensor consists of three electrodes, working electrode (WE), counter electrode (CE), and reference electrode (RE), and detects changes in electric current caused by a chemical reaction [29]. ...
The biocompatibility of medical sensors is of great importance. In order to prevent harm of the patient during measurement, this aspect must be considered throughout the entire design process. Biocompatibility can be achieved by various methods. For example, the sensor can be encapsulated, only biocompatible materials can be used for the sensor, or anti-inflammatory agents can be applied to the surface of the sensor. In this paper the focus is on sensors fully fabricated from biocompatible materials. Two exemplary inkjet-printed amperometric and impedimetric sensors are systematically assessed regarding their biocompatibility. Both sensors can be used for the measurement of dissolved ozone during oxygen-ozone injection therapy. For the sensors each material is evaluated with respect to the international standard ISO 10993. Overall, many amperometric and impedimetric sensors are fabricated from a small set of materials. The assessment reveals that for this specific application an amperometric sensor consisting of gold and silver nanoparticle inks, inkjet-printed on a polydimethylsiloxane membrane, and passivated with SU-8 ink offers the highest biocompatibility and reaches a good compliance with other important requirements. In addition, biological characterization tests are required for the specific medical application to validate the biocompatibility. From this study, it can be concluded that the findings on biocompatibility can also be transferred to other sensors that are made of the same set of materials but are for other applications. This applies to oxygen, glucose, pH, hydrogen peroxide, sweat lactate, and acetone sensors.
... With its scent threshold of about 0,02 ppm, ozone could only be sensed by its distinct smell near or above the maximum admitted concentration [54]. Despites being used as an excellent oxidant in water purification [56][57][58], O 3 has widely been used in various fields such as biomedical applications including bacteria and virus inactivation [59], treatment of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes [60], ozonation of oils as antimicrobial systems in topical applications [61] among others. Ozone has extensively been used as a mediator in depolymerisation and solvolysis processes [62] and in food preservation [63][64][65] only name a few. ...
... Besides the decomposition processes of ozone in DBDs previously highlighted, ozone actively reacts with aqueous H 2 O 2 to generate OH . radicals in a way that two molecules of ozone yield two hydroxyl radicals [183] as presented in Eq. (61). ...
The development of cost-effective, feasible, and advanced wastewater treatment techniques remains critical to the availability and sustainability of scarce water resources. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on non-thermal plasma processes such as dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) have recently been employed to combat biologically recalcitrant organic substances in water and wastewater streams. This is mostly due to their capability to generate in-situ UV light as well as numerous free radicals’ reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ozone (O3), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), atomic oxygen (O.), ozone radical ion (O3⁻), hydroperoxyl radical (HO2.), and superoxide anion (O2.-) amongst others. OH., O3, and O2.- react directly or indirectly with complex organic pollutants in aqueous solutions while H2O2, O., O3⁻ and HO2. mineralise organic toxins in water and in most cases act as the principal precursors for either OH., O3, or O2.- species during plasma treatment processes. This review primarily describes the principal reaction mechanism pathways of reactive oxygen species, and organic pollutants in DBD technologies. The pattern of RNS, methods for their quantification and the cause of their formation in DBD configurations have also been discussed. The outcomes of this review sustain that the optimisation of catalyst additives and critical parameters such as pH in DBD methods could efficiently promote the decomposition and mineralisation of water toxins. The review further highlights the superiority of double cylindrical DBD over single cylindrical and conventional DBD designs.
... Another promising application of ozone is the dispersion into oil or water and subsequent utilization for the treatment of skin infections (Song et al. 2018). There is a need for further development of suitable medical sensors to measure the invivo ozone concentration before, during, and after treatment (Petani et al. 2020). Therefore, further research in the area of ozone measurement and analysis methods is essential to enable application of ozone in clinical routine (Azarpazhooh and Limeback 2008). ...
... Therefore, further research in the area of ozone measurement and analysis methods is essential to enable application of ozone in clinical routine (Azarpazhooh and Limeback 2008). An overview of dissolved ozone and ozone gas sensors is provided by David et al. (2015a,b) and Petani et al. (2020). For the development of novel ozone sensors, a precise and reliable ozone experimental setup, including ozone generation and measurement, is necessary to evaluate newly developed sensors in the same sample. ...
Ozone therapy is established in clinical applications since many decades, such as treatment of infections or herniated discs. However, in-line monitoring of ozone concentrations is challenging and therefore not performed by default. We developed an experimental setup to measure the in-line ozone concentration in water in real-time with a spectroscopic sensor. Thereby, the experimental setup enables the calibration and evaluation of newly evolved ozone sensors. The results for ozone concentration measurement with the spectroscopic sensor and the colorimetric photometer show a very good correlation. Furthermore, the ozone decay curves measured with our experimental setup highly correlate with those of previous research.
... Peak ozone concentrations occur for high intense sunlight. [15] The weather monitoring sensors are shown in Figure 1. ...
In today’s world of ‘Data at Finger Tips’, sensors have become ubiquitous, their applications have become numerous and this data is required round the clock and on-thego. The data picked up by the sensors is delivered to end-user in real time by IoT and further utilised for real time reports, off-line analysis and data aggregation. This review paper focuses on the different types of IoT sensors used for monitoring of atmospheric parameters. Sensors aided by wireless networking are the backbone of nowcasting and prevailing trends at any given area. IoT sensors data combined with satellite data and operational models enhance accuracy and expedite weather predictions. IoT data enable validation and updating of atmospheric depression models. Comprehensive study of sensors has been carried out and consolidated in this paper for ready reference by all stakeholdersMeteorological department, pollution control board, Nondestructive testing and evaluation of corrosive elements in atmosphere, farmers and horticulturists, to name a few.
