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A new scheme of highly birefringent fiberized slot waveguide (FSW) by post-processing a non-birefringent circular microfiber is proposed for polarimetric interference sensors with ultrasmall sensor heads (tens of micrometers). The different sensing properties of an FSW polarimetric interferometer based on a typical fiber loop mirror are investigate...
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Citations
... The device can detect a RI variation as small as 5.27×10 -7 for a wavelength resolution of 10 pm. High linear birefringence that can be created post-fabrication inside a MNF by milling a slot to break the circular geometry was proposed and modeled by Kou et al. [104]. By inserting the fiberized slot waveguide inside a fiber loop mirror configuration, a sensitivity as high as 5×10 4 nm/RIU was predicted. ...
Rapid advances in optical microfiber and nanofibers (MNF) based sensors have been driven by powerful industries such as automotive, biomedical and defense, with the increasing demand for highly-sensitive, selective, nonintrusive, fast-response, compact and robust sensors that can perform in-situ measurements at remote and harsh environments. A diverse range of MNF based sensors have been developed for measuring refractive index, bio-chemical, temperature, current, displacement, bend, surface, acceleration, force, rotation, acoustic, electric field and magnetic field. Given the growing interest for this exciting area of scientific research, new designs are emerging continuously at a fast pace. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive review of all MNF based sensors reported to-date. Sensors are divided according to their morphology and measurand.
... Recently, microfibers (MFs) have attracted great attention because of their low loss, large evanescent fields, strong confinement, configurability, and robustness [3,4]. MFs have found potential applications in a wide range of fields from telecommunications to sensors, and lasers56789101112131415161718192021. Because of their large evanescent field and micrometer-scale size, MFs are seen as useful tools to exploit FBGs as refractive index sensors and to reduce their size. ...
Microfiber-based Bragg gratings (MFBGs) are an emerging concept in ultra-small optical fiber sensors. They have attracted great attention among researchers in the fiber sensing area because of their large evanescent field and compactness. In this review, the basic techniques for the fabrication of MFBGs are introduced first. Then, the sensing properties and applications of MFBGs are discussed, including measurement of refractive index (RI), temperature, and strain/force. Finally a summary of selected MFBG sensing elements from previous literature are tabulated.
... Over the past years, an impressive range of SOI devices, including splitters, filters, modulators and sensors, has been realized based on different kind of waveguides, among which there exists one that guides and confines light in a low-index region, 1, 2 the slot waveguide. In addition, attributed to its interesting intrinsic properties, slot waveguide has also been extended to other material systems, e.g., silica fibers, 3,4 silicon nitride / silicon oxide platform, 5 ...
Loop mirror has been widely used in fiber optical devices and systems for it provides a smart way to make use of the fiber birefringence properties and can enhance the sensitivity greatly. On the other hand, slot waveguide is very promising for optical sensing applications because of their peculiar spatial mode profile. In this paper, we propose and analyze a loop-mirror-based slot waveguide (LMSW) sensor which can be routinely fabricated in modern high-volume complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The finite element method (FEM) simulation results show that the birefringence can be as high as 0.8 which is orders of magnitude than that in conventional birefringent fiber loop mirror. High sensitivity up to 6 x 10(3) nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is achieved by this scheme. Copyright 2012 Author(s). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768266]
... Recently, microfibers (MFs) have attracted great attention because of their low loss, large evanescent fields, strong confinement, configurability, and robustness [3,4]. MFs have found potential applications in a wide range of fields from telecommunications to sensors, and lasers [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Because of their large evanescent field and micrometer-scale size, MFs are seen as useful tools to exploit FBGs as refractive index sensors and to reduce their size. ...
Microfiber-based Bragg gratings (MFBGs) are an emerging concept in ultra-small optical fiber sensors. They have attracted great attention among researchers in the fiber sensing area because of their large evanescent field and compactness. In this review, the basic techniques for the fabrication of MFBGs are introduced first. Then, the sensing properties and applications of MFBGs are discussed, including measurement of refractive index (RI), temperature, and strain/force. Finally a summary of selected MFBG sensing elements from previous literature are tabulated.
Fiber-based opto-fluidics with the distinct benefit of alignment-free optics has been a new rising area by integrating optical fiber and microfluidics in recent years. Optical microfibers with large accessible evanescent field and great configurability have more advantages on the integration with microfluidics than traditional fibers. Based on the strong light-liquid interaction, the fluid has the ability to modulate optical microfiber devices by changing physical and chemical properties such as refractive index, temperature, flow rate, chemicals dissolved in the fluid, etc. The light in the microfiber can also be used to manipulate particles which can move in the fluidic channel. Here we review the broad opto-fluidic applications of optical microfibers such as measurement of liquid characteristics, nonlinear effects, laser generation and optical manipulations with miniaturization, low cost, and high sensitivity. The microfiber-based microfluidic platform may provide more strategies for physical and chemical sensing applications and in particular contactless optical diagnostics.
3D micro-devices based on subwavelength-diameter microfibres (MFs) with a strong evanescent field have attracted increasing attention because of the recent rapid development of the so-called wrap-on-a-rod technology. Because they are fabricated from a single-mode fiber with low stiffness and micrometric bending radii, MFs can be wrapped multiple times on a thin microrod (hundreds of micrometers) and do not experience any input/output coupling problems. By tuning the pitch between turns and specializing the rod surface, a variety of functions can be realized and even multiple functions can be integrated on a single device, which is the concept of the future lab-on-a-microrod. Here we will show several kinds of lab-on-a-microrod devices including a resonator, grating, Hi-Bi device, and polarizer. The applications in sensing and lasing will also be discussed.
We investigate the performance of a fiber-optic strain sensor based on the nonlinear process Four-Wave Mixing. This simple device of only a microfiber has the merits of easy coupling, low loss and relatively pure mode to be applied in the fiber network. And microfiber-structure renders the sensor with small size and relatively large nonlinear coefficient. The strain-induced shift of both the signal and idler peaks are large enough to be detected. According to calculated results in this paper, the shift range increases with the decease of the microfiber's diameter and the increase of strain on the fiber until a critical value. We presented the trends in a figure, and found the maximum shift is at 59.51 nm when we adjusted the diameter within strain of 30mε, and the high strain sensitivity of 2 pm/με is achieved when we set the pumping wavelength at 1550nm, peak power at 100 W. This strain sensor has high sensitivity, light and portable performance which has wide applications, such as mechanical detection or fault diagnosis in auto, aircraft, navigation. Moreover, large strain-induced shift could be applies to a number of wavelength selected devices, for example, a tunable laser or a wavelength-tuning entangled photon source which is significant in quantum information process.
Optical microfiber waveguides with diameters close to the wavelength of light possess an intriguing combination of properties, such a tight modal confinement, tailorable dispersion, and high nonlinearity, which have been utilized in many passive applications. Here, the key fabrication techniques and optical properties of microfibers are introduced, followed by a discussion of the various passive microfiber devices and sensors. Applications exploiting their strong confinement are reviewed, including harmonic generation, supercontinuum sources, gratings, tips for optical trapping and intracellular sensing and subwavelength light sources, as well as devices based on large evanescent fields such as couplers, interferometers, optical manipulators, sensors, and resonators. Furthermore, the properties and practical intricacies of manufacturing various microfiber resonators are evaluated, with a focus on their applications in sensing ranging from temperature monitoring to current, pressure, refractive index and chemicals detection.
