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Flex-circuits are a reliable alternative to conventional electronic products. It can offer the same advantages of a printed circuit board: repeatability, reliability, and high density. The design of a planar antenna on a flexible substrate can effectively supersede that of an antenna on a FR-4 substrate for more flexible applications on wireless sy...
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... are a reliable alternative to conventional electronic products. It can offer the same advantages of a printed circuit board: repeatability, reliability, and high density. The design of a planar antenna on a flexible substrate can effectively supersede that of an antenna on a FR-4 substrate for more flexible applications on wireless system integration, such as RFID or Bluetooth link as well as in steering microwave beam. Recently, feeding circuitry characterized microstrip patch antennas have been reported [1] to comprise an antenna steering control mechanism. Modifying shape and substrate of the antenna for a microstrip patch antenna with efficient feeding can maneuver the radiation power. For simplicity, setting rectangular patch as a resonator element supported by one-side grounded metal on a flexible substrate, a proposed patch antenna can be applicable for wireless power synthesis [2,3,4,5,6]. By using soft flexible and thin substrate for patch antenna design may cause low gain but good directivity in comparison with less expensive FR-4 substrate. The circular polarized antenna can be used in the situations that the orientation of the proposed field cannot be controlled. Since when the microwave is moving in a circular pattern, it reacts with the antenna better but keeps propagation in shorter range than linear polarized antenna [5]. Therefore, on 5.7GHz Bluetooth and Earth Moon Earth (EME) communication, there are many users using circular polarization related techniques for antenna design while just a few others remain on linear. However, on 10GHz EME communication, the vast majority of users are using linear polarization techniques for antenna design instead [7]. In antenna theory, circular polarization is that the electric field vector describes a circle as time progresses. Thus, the electric vector can describe a helix along the direction of wave propagation. The magnitude of the electric field vector is constant as it rotates. Circular (and elliptical) polarization is formed if the propagating electric (and magnetic) fields can have two orthogonal components with independent amplitudes and phases. Conversely, a circularly polarized wave may be resolved into two linearly polarized waves, of equal amplitude, in phase quadrature (90 degrees apart) and with their planes of polarization at right angles to each other. An architectural schematic drawing of a patch antenna is depicted in Figure 1, consisting of a patch element with SMA connector feeding at side of a 5×3 mm 2 microstrip line. In design with given the characteristic impedance Z o and ε r for FR-4 plate, the shape ratios w/h for equivalent single microstrip is determined. A 32×32 mm 2 square patch on 33×37 mm 2 grounded substrate were proposed for the impedance matching as shown in the ...
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... Attention is devoted to their physical design [1], beam-steering in non-planar scenarios [25], [26], [27], and economic efficiency at large scale [28]. Indeed, critical to flexible array design is the existence of compatibly flexible radiator: these have also seen attention [29], [30], [6], [1], [31]. ...
Large apertures in space are critical for high-power and high-bandwidth applications spanning wireless power transfer (WPT) and communication, however progress on this front is stunted by the geometric limitations of rocket flight. We present a light and flexible 10GHz array, which is composed of dipole antennas co-cured to a glass-fiber composite. The arrays can dynamically conform to new shapes and are flexible enough to fold completely flat, coil into a rocket payload, and pop back up upon deployment in orbit. The array is amenable to scalable, automated manufacturing - a requirement for the massive production necessary for large apertures. Moreover, the arrays passed the standard gamut of space-qualification testing: the antennas can survive mechanical stress, extreme temperatures, high-frequency temperature cycling, and prolonged stowage in the flattened configuration. The elements exhibit excellent electromagnetic performance: a return ratio better than -10dB over ≈1.5GHz, a single lobe half-power beamwidth of greater than 110° suitable for broad beamforming, >92% efficiency, and excellent manufacturing consistency. Moreover, its mechanical durability vis-a-vis extreme temperatures and protracted stowage lends itself to demanding space applications. This lightweight and scalable array is equipped to serve a host of new space-based radio-frequency technologies and applications which leverage large, stowable and durable array apertures.
... Attention is devoted to their physical design [1], beam-steering in non-planar scenarios [25], [26], [27], and economic efficiency at large scale [28]. Indeed, critical to flexible array design is the existence of compatibly flexible radiator: these have also seen attention [29], [30], [6], [1], [31]. ...
Large apertures in space are critical for high-power and high-bandwidth applications spanning wireless power transfer (WPT) and communication, however progress on this front is stunted by the geometric limitations of rocket flight. Here, we present a light and flexible 10GHz array, which is composed of dipole antennas co-cured to a glass-fiber composite. The arrays are designed to dynamically conform to new shapes and to be flexible enough to fold completely flat, coil, and pop back up upon deployment. The design was chosen to be amenable to scalable, automated manufacturing - a requirement for the massive production necessary for large apertures. Moreover, the arrays passed the standard gamut of required space-qualification testing: the antennas can survive mechanical stress, extreme temperatures, high-frequency temperature cycling, and prolonged stowage in the flattened configuration. The elements exhibit excellent electromagnetic performance - with a return ratio better than -10dB over a bandwidth of 1.5GHz and a single lobe half-power beam width of greater than $110^\circ$ suitable for broad range beamforming and with excellent manufacturing consistency. Moreover, its mechanical durability vis-a-vis extreme temperatures and protracted stowage lends itself to demanding space applications. This lightweight and scalable array is equipped to serve a host of new space-based radio-frequency technologies and applications which leverage large, stowable and durable array apertures.
... Fig. 8 illustrates several radiators that have been used in flexible arrays. As array antennas are usually directional, back-radiation from them is undesirable for efficiency, interference, and/or safety reasons, and standard omni-directional or bi-directional flexible radiators like in Fig. 8(a) [67] cannot be used. The addition of reflectors or a ground plane behind the radiators forces a gap that increases the antenna's height and mass. ...
Shape-changing arrays are an emerging frontier of phased array development. These arrays fold, conform, and flex dynamically as they operate. In this work we describe the technology developments which have enabled their creation and use. We present the theoretical implications of aperture change for arrays and methods for taking advantage of these aperture changes. We discuss existing shape-changing array components and systems. Operation techniques for shape-changing arrays, including new results demonstrating a method for determining the shape of an asymmetrically bent flexible array using only the mutual coupling between elements, are shown. Finally, we present a comparison of shape-changing systems across a variety of physical and electrical metrics.
... Due to the high demand for flexible electronics circuits, it has been forecasted that it will dominate the world of electronic gadgets due the recently proposed 5G technology blueprint which encouraged wireless connection between machine to machine of different types and shapes. Flexible circuits are reliable alternative to conventional electronic products and as such, the design of a planar antenna on a flexible substrate might supersede that of a rigid substrate for more flexible applications on wireless system integration, such as Bluetooth link, RFID and in applications where beam steering is required [3]. ...
Single section branch line coupler is popular because of its simplicity in design and fabrication. But it suffered from narrow bandwidth and poor out of band rejection characteristics. This paper overcomes these limitations by designing and simulating a Broadband 900 hybrid coupler implementable in planar microstrip circuit. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and a modified Zoflex Conductor (ZC) were used as the substrate and the conductor respectively. Copper particles obtained using Engraving machine was used to improve the conductivity of the ZC. The coupler is meant to operate at 6 GHz. It shows a return loss and isolation better than 18 dB within the frequency range of 3.64 GHZ to 7.64 GHz. The results exhibited a very low insertion loss better than 4 dB, from 3.64 GHZ to 7.64 GHz and a small phase variation better than 900±50 within the passband of 3.86 GHz to 7.34 GHz. A fractional bandwidth of 52.33% was achieved which is more than five times wider than that of conventional single section coupler.
... but the characteristic are altered. To determine the reduction percentage of the antenna using interdigital capacitor and operating slits compared to a conventional antenna fed with a 500 inset microstrip line.Table IV shows clearly the process followed. Many published works have presented several techniques to reach reduction in the antenna size. [17] Used expensive flexible substrate. [5] A chip resistor loading was operated however; ohmic loss of the chip resistor has resulted owing to this. [18] Used circular polarisation and inserted slits for a truncated rectangular antenna. All these methods decrease the antenna gain, band width or both. What has been brought over through this ...
Nowadays, Sensor network is extensively practical in numerous fields including general engineering, agriculture and environmental monitoring, health monitoring and surgery [1]. Sensors are designed as increasingly efficient and Miniature. As a matter of fact, the most important factor in the design of RF communications is the size of the antenna [2]. In fact, Miniaturization will be subject to steady progress, except for two crucial components which are the antenna and the battery. Here, it is a real challenge to discover original solutions to go a step forward. This paper introduces the concept of a meandered rectangular patch antenna using gap matching impedance with planar feed. A reduction of about 60% compared with the conventional microstrip patch antenna has been eventually achieved.
... Many published works have presented several techniques to reach reduction in the antenna size. [17] Used expensive flexible substrate. [5] A chip resistor loading was operated however; ohmic loss of the chip resistor has resulted owing to this. ...
Nowadays, Sensor network is extensively practical in numerous fields including general engineering, agriculture and environmental monitoring, health monitoring and surgery [1]. Sensors are designed as increasingly efficient and Miniature. As a matter of fact, the most important factor in the design of RF communications is the size of the antenna [2]. In fact, Miniaturization will be subject to steady progress, except for two crucial components which are the antenna and the battery. Here, it is a real challenge to discover original solutions to go a step forward. This paper introduces the concept of a meandered rectangular patch antenna using gap matching impedance with planar feed. A reduction of about 60% compared with the conventional microstrip patch antenna has been eventually achieved.
