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Schematic drawing of the cineradiography apparatus. ( a ) The superior view shows the test cage (semi-circular footprint) holding a mouse between the X-ray source and the image intensifier. X-ray images were captured at 25 Hz by a high-definition video camera. ( b ) The cineradiographic image shows a still-frame from the X-ray movie. The extension of the jaw, neck, spine and limbs was observed in response to the instantaneous gravitational condition of 0.153 g and − 0.180 j (jerk, g/ s).
Source publication
The ability to maintain the body relative to the external environment is important for adaptation to altered gravity. However, the physiological limits for adaptation or the disruption of body orientation are not known. In this study, we analyzed postural changes in mice upon exposure to various low gravities. Male C57BL6/J mice (n = 6) were expose...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... flights were operated by Diamond Air Service, Inc. (Aichi, Japan) on a Mitsubishi MU300 jet aircraft. Two flights were scheduled for this experiment on two consecutive days. Each flight had a total duration of approximately 2 h, including take-off, transit to the test area, parabolic maneuvers, transit back to the airport and landing. Our original protocol consisted of 12 parabolas, each of which aimed a specific target gravity level. On both flights, 12 parabolas were conducted in three cycles of four low-gravity levels targeting 0.6, 0.3, 0.15 and μ g , in that order. The cycles were preceded and followed by the 1 g level flight of 10 min in duration. In the present study, the flight maneuver for each parabola consisted of five phases: the 1 g level flight, then, a “slow - climb” phase of approximately 30 s at 1.3 g hypergravity, followed by a “dive” phase of gravity -change lasting 3 – 4 s, then a constant phase at the “target g level” for 10– 15 s and, finally, a “pull - up” phase of approximately 30 s at 1.3 g for recovery to the 1 g level flight ( Figure 1). Each parabola was separated by a 5 min interval of the 1 g level flight. On each flight, three mice were loaded onto the aircraft. Neither food nor water was supplied to the mice during the flight. The temperature inside the cabin was kept at 20 – 23 ° C. One mouse was loaded into the cineradiographic apparatus (Figure 2) during each cycle of parabolas (details are above). The X-ray video system was custom-made for our flight experiments, where X-rays were emitted perpendicular to the animal at 70 kV and 0.3 mA by an X-ray tube (Toshiba Electron Tubes and Devices Co., Ltd., Ohtawara, Japan). The X-ray photons passed through the mouse and reached the 100-mm diameter entrance field of the high-speed response-type beryllium image ...
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Carpal instability is often related to ruptured or lax carpal ligaments. Wrist cineradiography has been shown to be a good modality for diagnosing carpal instability. To create uniformity in obtaining and assessing wrist cineradiography, a wrist cineradiography protocol is desirable. This protocol will focus on wrist cineradiography for diagnosing...
Citations
... Although apneas (Yamauchi et al., 2008) and swallow-related apneas (Prescott et al., 2020) are reported features of respiratory and swallowing physiology in healthy mice of different strains, the effect of PD pathophysiology on these behaviors remains unknown. Therefore, in this study we used cineradiography (de Campos et al., 2015;Hasegawa et al., 2014) to evaluate the timing and frequency of apneas during breathing and swallowing in a mouse model of PD. ...
... Respiratory movements were observed using cineradiography (Hasegawa et al., 2014) two weeks after surgery (Figs. 1 and 2). Mice in the early Parkinson Group were filmed during quiet respiration and during food intake; and mice in the Late Parkinson Group and in the Control group, during quiet respiration, during food intake, and after a mild stress challenge (details below). ...
This study aimed to evaluate the timing and frequency of spontaneous apneas during breathing and swallowing by using cineradiography on mouse models of early/initial or late/advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). C57BL/6J mice received either 6-OHDA or vehicle injections into their right striatum, followed by respiratory movement recordings during spontaneous breathing and swallowing, and a stress challenge, two weeks later. Experimental group animals showed a significantly lower respiratory rate (158.66 ± 32.88 breaths/minute in late PD, 173.16 ± 25.19 in early PD versus 185.27 ± 25.36 in controls; p<0.001) and a significantly higher frequency of apneas (median 1 apnea/minute in both groups versus 0 in controls; p<0.001). Other changes included reduced food intake and the absence of swallow apneas in experimental mice. 6-OHDA-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in mice disrupted respiratory control, swallowing, stress responsiveness, and feeding behaviors, potentially hindering airway protection and elevating the risk of aspiration.
... Experiments have been conducted on rodents and cell cultures since 2007, using not only Martian (0.38 g) and lunar (0.16 g) gravity levels but also 0.6, 0.5, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g [19]. Other unique studies were also realized by using partial gravity conditions [20,21]. A set of original parabolic trajectories was used to avoid interference of the "pull-up" phase-induced hypergravity into the genuine response to low gravities. ...
... 22 Several adaptations can be attributed to the treegouging habit of marmosets, including labiolingually thicker lower incisor crowns and larger incisor root volume relative to symphyseal volume. 23 Recent technological advances, such as the high-definition cineradiographic analysis in two views (horizontal and vertical) developed by our research group, [24][25][26] permits the longitudinal recording of body growth and development in small animals. As there is a small exposure to X-rays, this technique is minimally invasive, does not require immobilisation or sedation, and therefore allows successive recordings on the same animal without causing excessive distress or sequelae. ...
... Cineradiography is a dynamic radiological exploration technique developed by our research group in a reduced-size apparatus, adapted for small animals. [24][25][26] Calibration was perfomed using a stainless steel ball (2.5mm) chain collar over the neck of each animal ( Figure 1). ...
Background:
Nonhuman primates are the closest animal models to humans regarding genetics, physiology, and behavior. Marmoset monkeys in particular are one of the most versatile species for biomedical research.
Objective:
To assess the craniofacial growth and development of the masticatory function in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), from birth to the fourth month of life through minimally invasive cineradiographic imaging.
Methods:
Ten individuals were followed-up from zero to four months of age regarding craniofacial growth and masticatory function assessed by cineradiography. For the experimental procedure, we used a microfocal x-ray source apparatus and a beryllium fast-response image-intensifier.
Results:
The duration of the masticatory cycles was stable across age groups. Chewing a very soft Castella cake or the slightly harder Marshmallow did not change the masticatory cycle in the time domain. On the other hand, linear and angular measurements of the jaw-opening movement showed a tendency for bigger movements at the latter stages of craniofacial growth. Qualitative analysis showed that marmosets had a small preference for Castella over Marshmallow, that they most often bit off pieces of food to chew with their posterior teeth, that they manipulated the food with their hands, and that they chewed the food continuously.
Conclusion:
We observed critical developmental events during the first three months of life in marmosets. Cineradiographic imaging in marmosets may provide valuable information on craniofacial form and function for basic and preclinical research models.
... The X-ray photons passing through mouse were converted into visible light by a beryllium fast-response image-intensifier (Toshiba Electron Tubes and Devices Co., Ltd., E5889BP-P1K). This image was then captured by a digital video camera positioned underneath the image intensifier (Hasegawa et al., 2014). Videos were recorded at 29 fps and 1920 × 1080 pixels. ...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system known to cause a typical pattern of motor symptoms. In its later stages, PD is known to cause respiratory alterations including shortening of operational volumes and reduced velocity of respiratory-muscle contraction. It has been proposed that such changes are secondary to changes in posture and osteoarticular degeneration, leading to an alteration in the spinal axis that in turn could affect breathing mechanics. In this study, we examined respiratory movements by using cineradiography on a murine (C57BL/6J) model of mild hemi-PD. Under surgical anesthesia, PD mice received an injection of 6-OHDA solution to the right striatum, and were compared to control mice, which received an injection of saline solution. Two weeks after surgery, all mice had their respiratory movements recorded by video X-ray without any restraint. Behavioral tests were performed to assess the severity of the 6-OHDA lesion. As a result, behavioral tests confirmed mild motor impairments in PD mice as compared to controls. Parameters of respiratory function showed mild alterations in the PD group, suggestive of a restrictive-type respiratory disorder. These results suggest that respiratory alterations in PD may emerge simultaneously to other motor symptoms, and not as a consequence of the latter.
Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.
