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— Schematic drawing of a muricid radula (after Kool 1993). The morphology of the radula is described starting from the rachidian tooth followed by the lateral teeth. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.
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The extreme south of Madagascar is noted for the endemism of its marine biota, notably molluscs. Six new species of Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815 are described in the present paper; three in the subfamily Muricinae Rafinesque, 1815: Chicoreus (Triplex) kantori n. sp., Naquetia manwaii n. sp. and Dermomurex (Dermomurex) charlesi n. sp.; two in the subf...
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Citations
... Research such as the Atimo Vatae expedition and other recent studies have highlighted significant rates of country endemism among marine macroinvertebrate taxa, up to 20% for some taxonomic groups, such as murex shells (Houart andHéros 2013, 2015). Madagascar's share of regional diversity will depend on the interplay between habitat diversity, with increased representation of regionally distributed species, and isolation (such as in the case of the Deep South), tending to raise the level of endemism and thus the uniqueness of Madagascar's marine invertebrate macrofauna. ...
... Like the Conidae, the Muricidae have long been the subject of much interest from amateurs and collectors, with relatively well documented distributions. The expedition documented over 90 species (Houart andHéros 2013, 2015;Houart 2015), including 12 new to science that are believed to be Deep South endemics. When the species discovered before the expedition are included, the level of endemism tops 20%, the highest so far reported in Malagasy waters for marine biota. ...
This chapter in the New Natural History of Madagascar (Goodman ed. 2022, Princeton University Press) provides the most comprehensive account to date of scientific knowledge of the natural history of Madagascar's marine and coastal ecosystems and their biodiversity, including marine megafauna (including cetaceans, dugong, sea turtles, sharks, rays, sawfishes and coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae).
... Two additional species of Naquetia were described by Houart & Héros (2013) and Houart & Lorenz (2015), including N. manwaii Houart & Héros, 2013 and N. rhondae Houart & Lorenz, 2015. These authors also reinstated N. jickelii as a valid species, increasing the number of Naquetia species by three. ...
... Two additional species of Naquetia were described by Houart & Héros (2013) and Houart & Lorenz (2015), including N. manwaii Houart & Héros, 2013 and N. rhondae Houart & Lorenz, 2015. These authors also reinstated N. jickelii as a valid species, increasing the number of Naquetia species by three. ...
... Scale bars: 50 µm (SEM P. Bouchet); E-F. Naquetia manwaii Houart & Héros, 2013. E. 100 µm; F. 50 µm (SEM Y. Kantor); G. Naquetia triqueter (Born, 1778) Scale bar: 50 µm (SEM P. Bouchet). ...
Twenty-four species of Muricidae are reviewed, 15 assigned to Chicomurex Arakawa, 1964 and 9 to Naquetia Jousseaume, 1880, two closely related genera. Each species is listed with the author's name(s), the date of description, the synonymy, the chresonymy, the distribution, the description and some comments; the chresonymy is only cited for misidentified figures in recent publications dealing with Muricidae. Each species is illustrated in colour with many specimens, while scanning electron micrographs are provided for the radulae. Photos of the protoconch are provided for most of the species as well as the spiral cord morphology. The type locality and the type material (holotype only) are noted for each name. In addition, a molecular phylogeny of Chicomurex is reconstructed from eight species using three mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA). The phylogeny revealed three well supported clades within the monophyletic Chicomurex, the grouping of species being congruent with morphology (C. laciniatus complex, C. superbus complex, and C. gloriosus complex). Species sampled includes three recently described species C. lani Houart, Moe & Chen, 2014, C. globus Houart, Moe & Chen, 2015, and C. pseudosuperbus Houart, Moe & Chen, 2015; the specific status of these were assessed and found to be supported by genetic data.
... Marine bivalves of the family Lucinidae have attracted great interest following the discovery of their chemosymbiosis with sulphide-oxidising bacteria and many new species and genera have been described, particularly from the diverse central Indo-West Pacific region , 2013Glover & Taylor 2007Cosel & Bouchet 2008). Although shallow water species from coral-reef habitats can be widely distributed across the tropical Indo-West Pacific, areas of endemism are also apparent. ...
Rare species of three long-lived lucinid genera, Gibbolucina, Barbierella and Retrolucina, with origins in the Paleocene and Eocene of western Tethys are present in the Mozambique Channel area of the southwestern Indian Ocean but absent elsewhere in the Indo-West Pacific. A new species, Gibbolucina zelee, is described from the Banc de la Zélée and western Madagascar that resembles Miocene species from western France. Since their origin in the Paleocene to the present day Barbierella species have always been rare. New records and images, including syntypes, are provided for Barbierella louisensis (Viader, 1951) from Mauritius and the Mozambique Channel, with Barbierella scitula Oliver & Abou-Zeid, 1986 from the Red Sea regarded as synonym. A new genus, Retrolucina, is proposed with the living Lucina voorhoevei Deshayes, 1857 (usually called Eomiltha voorhoevei) as type species and also including Lucina defrancei Deshayes, 1857, a strikingly similar species from the Eocene of the Paris Basin. Retrolucina differs from Eomiltha in shape, sculpture and hinge characters. Monitilora, another genus of Paleocene or earlier origins, includes a few living species in the Indo-West Pacific and is now identified from Mozambique with Monitilora sepes (formerly Phacoides sepes Barnard, 1964). It is suggested that Gibbolucina, Barbierella and Retrolucina species became isolated in the western Indian Ocean following the closure of the Tethyan Seaway in the early Miocene while their congeners in western Tethys became extinct. The survival of these rare genera, with restricted geographical ranges and seemingly small populations, runs counter to current ideas concerning long-term extinction risk.
... These scattered findings and the unique oceanographic background together suggested that the region had a potential for more discoveries, and this was what motivated a large-scale exploring expedition, itself called ATIMO VATAE, that sampled the benthos of the region in April-June 2010. The expedition targeted more than molluscs, focussing also on crustaceans, echinoderms, algae and fishes, and generating many new species descriptions (e.g., Monniot 2012, Houart & Héros 2013, Cecalupo & Perugia 2014, Le Gall et al. 2015, Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia 2015, Mah 2017. ...
The cone fauna of southernmost Madagascar is reviewed based on the material collected during the Atimo Vatae expedition. The expedition involved sampling from the intertidal to nearshore by diving to ca 40 m, and offshore by dredging and trawling to 700 m. A total of 75 cone species was sampled. Strikingly, many tropical species are represented in the study area by single specimens whereas these are often quite common elsewhere in the tropical SW Indian Ocean, and it is hypothesized that these represent vagrants of occasionally settling larvae, rather than reproductive, self-recruiting populations. With these limitations, the resident cone fauna of Madagascar “Deep South” probably consists of 58 species, of which 10 (17%) are regional endemics, thus confirming the existence of a distinct marine ecoregion, termed “Toliaran Sub-Province” by Lorenz, which matches the distribution of seasonal upwelling fronts in South Madagascar. New taxonomic decisions in this regional monograph: Conasprella (Fusiconus) lemuriana sp. nov., Conus (Phasmoconus) galeyi sp. nov., Conus (Textilia) cymbioides sp. nov., Conus (Turriconus) aequiquadratus sp. nov. Conus biancae Bozzetti, 2010 and Cylinder priscai Bozzetti, 2012, are synonymized with Conus archiepiscopus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792, and the
latter is treated as a valid species from the Indian Ocean, molecularly distinct species from the Pacific Ocean Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758. Conus fuscatus Born, 1778, is treated as a valid, molecularly distinct species in the Conus imperialis complex. Darioconus fortdauphinensis Bozzetti, 2015 and D. miniturritus Bozzetti, 2017, are synonymized with Conus praelatus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792; Darioconus pennaceus pseudoecho Bozzetti,
2013, is synonymized with C. vezoi Korn, Niederhöfer & Blöcher, 2000; Conus olgiatti Bozzetti, 2007, C. anosyensis Bozzetti, 2008, and Rolaniconus gilberti Bozzetti, 2012, with C. balteatus G.B. Sowerby I, 1833; Conus nimbosus nanoclarus Bozzetti, 2017, with C. nimbosus Hwass in Bruguière, 1792; Pionoconus atimovatae Bozzetti, 2012, with Conus simonis Bozzetti, 2010; Conus pennasilicorum Bozzetti, 2017, with C. alconnelli da Motta, 1986; Conus sazanka Shikama, 1970, with C. martensi E.A. Smith, 1884; Rolaniconus buniatus Bozzetti, 2013, with Conus varius Linnaeus, 1758; and Conus multibandatus Bozzetti, 2017,
with C. coronatus Gmelin, 1791.
... Biological production in these coastal regions is driven by an active coastal upwelling, which boosts coastal ocean fertilization. Several local biological studies have further confirmed that the coastal upwelling south of Madagascar is a hotspot of marine biological productivity (Houart and Héros, 2013); (Rakotoarinivo, 1998). Satellite observation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Chlorophyll A concentration can be used to identify upwelling regions south of Madagascar as shown in Fig. 1. ...
Madagascar's southern coastal marine zone is a region of high biological productivity which supports a wide range of marine ecosystems, including fisheries. This high biological productivity is attributed to coastal upwelling. This paper provides new insights on the structure, variability and drivers of the coastal upwelling south of Madagascar. Satellite remote sensing is used to characterize the spatial extent and strength of the coastal upwelling. A front detection algorithm is applied to thirteen years of Multi-scale Ultra-high Resolution (MUR) Sea Surface Temperatures (SST) and an upwelling index is calculated. The influence of winds and ocean currents as drivers of the upwelling is investigated using satellite, in-situ observations, and a numerical model. Results reveal the presence of two well-defined upwelling cells. The first cell (Core 1) is located in the southeastern corner of Madagascar, and the second cell (Core 2) is west of the southern tip of Madagascar. These two cores are characterized by different seasonal variability, different intensities, different upwelled water mass origins, and distinct forcing mechanisms. Core 1 is associated with a dynamical upwelling forced by the detachment of the East Madagascar Current (EMC), which is reinforced by upwelling favourable winds. Core 2 appears to be primarily forced by upwelling favourable winds, but is also influenced by a poleward eastern boundary flow coming from the Mozambique Channel. The intrusion of Mozambique Channel warm waters could result in an asynchronicity in seasonality between upwelling surface signature and upwelling favourables winds.
... The rachidian has the cusps much more elongated in T. guatemalteca than in T. mariae (Marini 1988: fig. 8); in fact, it resembles the rachidian cusps of Semiricinula bozzettii (Houart & Héros 2013: fig. 8C). ...
Thaisella guatemalteca is a new species with type locality in Puerto Barrios, Department of Izabal, Caribbean (Atlantic) coast of Guatemala. Its anatomical attributes are described. The main intention is to provide data for a future re-evaluation of a possible complex of species that inhabit different estuarine regions along the Western Atlantic, of which this species is part. The new species can be easily distinguished by its small size, well-developed anal canal, simple sculpture, stubby periumbilical keel, and an orange aperture bearing poorly developed riblets. Anatomically, the set of distinctive features include an anal flap at the mantle edge, elongated radular teeth, strong asymmetry of salivary glands, a lack of accessory salivary glands, a pair of gastric ducts to the digestive gland, a relatively small and simple penis, and a pallial oviduct lacking a bursa and other chambers. The significance of these findings is still obscure because these characters are unknown in allied species, but provisionally, the genus Thaisella appears to be exclusively American (mostly Atlantic), always associated with an estuarine environment, and possessing geographically restricted species. © E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Nägele u. Obermiller) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2017.
... Although the validity of the Aspellinae, all of whom have varices, is contested, we have kept it separate here (Barco et al., 2010;Houart & Héros, 2013). Aspella bear two varices per whorl, on the edges of the dorsoventrally flattened shell. ...
A recurrent theme in evolution is the repeated, independent origin of broadly adaptive, architecturally and functionally similar traits and structures. One such is the varix, a shell-sculpture innovation in gastropods. This periodic shell thickening functions mainly to defend the animal against shell crushing and peeling predators. Varices can be highly elaborate, forming broad wings or spines, and are often aligned in synchronous patterns. Here we define the different types of varices, explore their function and morphological variation, document the recent and fossil distribution of varicate taxa, and discuss emergent patterns of evolution. We conservatively found 41 separate origins of varices, which were concentrated in the more derived gastropod clades and generally arose since the mid-Mesozoic. Varices are more prevalent among marine, warm, and shallow waters, where predation is intense, on high-spired shells, and in clades with collabral ribs. Diversification rates were correlated in a few cases with the presence of varices, especially in the Muricidae and Tonnoidea, but more than half of the origins are represented by three or fewer genera. Varices arose many times in many forms, but generally in a phylogenetically clumped manner (more frequently in particular higher taxa), a pattern common to many adaptations.
... One additional shallow water species from Papua New Guinea is described from the KAVIENG campaign and a deep water trophonine is described from the Solomon Sea, from the MADEEP campaign. Species of Muricidae from the western Indian Ocean were also described by Héros (2013 and. The species described in this paper from the western Indian Ocean all belong to Rapaninae, originate from Mozambique and South Africa and are shallow water or coastal species, mainly found in sand and on rocks at low tide. ...
Gastropod molluscs are one of the most important components of mangrove ecosystem. Mangroves in Central Vietnam have a rather limited distribution due to peculiarities of the coastline morphology and presently their fauna remains understudied. Extensive surveys were conducted in both natural vegetation and artificial mangrove plantations in several localities in Nha Trang Bay from 2005 to 2015. In total 65 species of gastropod molluscs were found alive, 17 of which can be considered as predominantly mangrove-associated. An illustrated guide is provided, with short synonymies and data on ecology and distribution. The recorded molluscan diversity is compared with published data on mangrove gastropods in different regions of the Indo-Pacific. Total species number and the proportion of mangrove-associated species are similar to studied faunas in Hong Kong, Malaysia and Thailand, but the diversity is much lower than that of the mangal fauna of the Philippines.
Nineteen genera of Recent brachiopods, i.e. Discradisca Stenzel, 1964, Novocrania Lee & Brunton, 2001, Basiliola Dall, 1908, Cryptopora Jeffreys, 1869, Gryphus Megerle von Mühlfeldt, 1811, Dallithyris Muir-Wood, 1959, Stenosarina Cooper, 1977, Xenobrochus Cooper, 1981, Terebratulinad'Orbigny, 1847, Chlidonophora Dall, 1903, Eucalathis Fischer & Oehlert, 1890, Macandrevia King, 1859, Frenulina Dall, 1895, Jolonica Dall, 1920, Argyrotheca Dall, 1900, Phaneropora Zezina, 1981, Nipponithyris Yabe & Hatai, 1934, Megerlia King, 1850 and Megerella n. gen. have been identified in the material collected during three French cruises MAINBAZA, MIRIKY and ATIMO VATAE to the Mozambique-Madagascar area during the years 2009-2010. One genus and four species are described as new: the genus Megerella n. gen. with type species M. hilleri n. gen., n. sp. and the species Eucalathis daphneae n. sp., Eucalathis malgachensis n. sp. and Macandrevia emigi n. sp. Eucalathis daphneae n. sp. differs from congeneric species in having an incomplete loop. It is ornamented by single, broad, rounded costae. Eucalathis malgachensis n. sp. is characterized by a fascicostate surface with strong ribs triangular in cross-section. Macandrevia emigi n. sp. differs from other species of the genus by its triangular outline and much smaller size. Megerella hilleri n. gen., n. sp. is a small kraussinid with a bifurcate loop with distal extensions uniting to form a complete ring. The genus Macandrevia and the species Frenulina sanguinolenta (Gmelin, 1971) are recorded for the first time from the Indian Ocean. While minor regional differences occur within the three study regions of Madagascar, a comparison of the overall Madagascar brachiopod biota with those of other parts of the Indian Ocean shows a strong similarity to faunas from southern Africa, with 12 out of 25 species common to both areas. © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.
