Figure - available from: Advances in Mechanical Engineering
This content is subject to copyright.
Source publication
This study empirically investigated the performance of four configurations of inclined solar water desalination (ISWD) system for parameters such as daily production, efficiency, system cost, and distilled water production cost. The empirical findings show that in terms of daily productivity improved inclined solar water desalination (IISWD) perfor...
Similar publications
Adsorption heat transformers use low-grade heat to produce potable water and provide cooling at the same time. In this study, we present a comprehensive performance analysis for an experimental system featuring the world’s smallest design using silica gel, which is commonly used as benchmarking material. We analyse the system performance in a thoro...
Due to limitation water resources in Egypt, the water use efficiency most be maximized to facing the population increase. Two field experiments were done during the two successive seasons 2014 and 2015, at El-Nubaria research station for National Research Centre, Egypt. The execution of modified design for drip irrigation system should be tested an...
![Figure 2. The five general steps in the 3D printing process [10].](publication/351335126/figure/fig1/AS:11431281116884845@1675339946664/The-five-general-steps-in-the-3D-printing-process-10_Q320.jpg)
Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation (SWE) is considered as a promising sustainable solution for clean water production especially for remote and off-grid communities. Various approaches have been developed in the last decade to improve the evaporation and thermal efficiency of the system, and to make it more robust for long-term operation. I...
![Figure 1: Thermal energy balance of TSS [6]. The following assumptions...](profile/Dhafer-Hachim/publication/307863317/figure/fig1/AS:403571494408193@1473230350350/Thermal-energy-balance-of-TSS-6-The-following-assumptions-are-used-to-simplify-the_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 2: Comparison between experimental results of Islam [6] and CFD...](profile/Dhafer-Hachim/publication/307863317/figure/fig2/AS:403571494408194@1473230350432/Comparison-between-experimental-results-of-Islam-6-and-CFD-results-of-Rahbar-9-with_Q320.jpg)
The water desalination process using distilled Tubular Solar Still (TSS) is one of the most common ways in drinking water production. The effect of moisture air flow and heat transfer processing is numerically investigated for solar tubular. This article provides numerically study of the two-dimensional by use COMSOL Multiphysics ver. 5.0 progra...
Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems (CPVs) are considered one of the innovative designs for concentrated solar power applications. By concentrating the incident radiation, the solar cells will be able to produce much more electricity compared to conventional PV systems. However, the temperature of the solar cells increases significantly with concentr...
Citations
... The results indicated that jute is the most frequently used wick material in addition to sponge, cotton cloth and wool, which delivered the highest productivity of 85%. Agboola et al. [14] reported a productivity of 3.25 kg/m 2 per day of distilled water with a daily efficiency of almost 40% through an inclined solar still with a wick. ...
Water scarcity is a global issue recognized by the United Nations under Goal 6 of its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to ‘Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all’. This challenging goal requires innovations, especially in areas with freshwater scarcity. Coupling this with the expected significant growth in population, especially in developing countries, presents major challenges to obtaining the appropriate levels of water provision needed. The development of seawater desalination technologies offers hope to alleviate freshwater shortages whilst supporting SDG 6. This research addresses the development of small-scale technology utilizing solar energy for providing clean drinking water in rural, hot, arid, and remote communities. To alleviate water scarcity in rural and isolated areas, a micro solar still (MSS) system that supports a multistage distillation process can be utilized, which evaporates and condenses the saline feed water into pure drinking water with highly efficient solar heat collectors. The focus of this study was to assess the performance of two prototypes, with minor improvements to the wicking structure. Such a system has the advantage of recycling wasted latent heat in the process to increase productivity. Two prototypes were tested to assess the performance of the solar still construction material and yield, and to test the water quality and quantity under the climatic conditions of Kuwait. The operation and efficiency of the prototypes were observed across four characteristics: solar irradiance, ambient temperatures, feed water and water production. The performances of the two prototypes were comparable to the results of previously published work on MSS prototypes that utilize wicking. The recovery rates of the two prototypes were 22 and 25%, respectively. The maximum production of potable water achieved from the two prototypes was 900 and 1160 g, respectively, using a feed of 4 and 3.7 kgs. The quality of the produced water met the WHO’s standards for drinking water.
... Minasian et al. [22] examined a traditional solar still with the strip of porous material and observed 80-85% more effective than standard still. Agboola et al. [23] investigated a porous inclined solar still (shown in Fig. 4) and found a daily efficiency in the range from 34.98 to 40%. Shrivastava et al. [24] explored a solar still made of floating jute fabric covered in black (shown in Fig. 5). ...
... Still incline with the wick[23]. ...
The efficiency and distillate output of traditional passive solar till is poor. Various investigators and researchers have modified the design components of passive solar still to enhance the performance and productivity. The influence of several changed designs is investigated in this study. It is seen that Fresnel lens integrated with single-slope single-basin passive solar still increases productivity by 638.02% and proved to be a superior design among all the design modification. Hybrid solar, when combined with a PV/T collector, increases production by 370 percent. A tubular design with a semi-circular trough packed with black fabric and consisting of connected to an external reflector shows the most significant improvement with 676 percent. This review shows that wick coupled with tubular solar still is most productive design for industrial application, whereas, the cascade passive single-basin single-slope solar system is the most appropriate design for domiciliary application.
... Solar still's operating expenses influence the price of solar-produced rosewater. One way to examine the cost of rosewater production is to do an economic study on the solar still, as follows ( Agboola et al., 2014 ): ...
The present work demonstrates the production of rosewater using solar still and investigates its efficacy for farmers' alternate income generation. The present investigation reveals that rosewater production using solar still is practically possible for farmers. Clear and fragrant rosewater and dark pink-fragrant rose syrup have been easily produced using solar still. At average solar irradiation of 631 W/m² per day and an average atmospheric temperature of 38°C, the theoretical and experimental rosewater yield was 0.89 kg/m² per day and 0.48 kg/m² per day, respectively. The average theoretical and experimental thermal efficiency was 47% and 25.9 ± 2.9%, respectively. The average exergy efficiency was estimated to be 2.36% (theoretical) and 0.86% (experimental). Also, the produced rosewater has a low TDS (13 ppm) compared with commercially available rosewater (ranging from 16 to 426 ppm), indicating that the produced rosewater is of the best quality. The economic analysis states that, for 10 years of lifespan, at an interest rate of 15%, the cost of rosewater per kg was estimated to be Rs. 16 with a payback period of 116 days. Experiment findings and mathematical calculations reveal that producing rosewater using solar energy is a feasible option that is also a clean and sustainable solution for small business owners. The sophisticated design is also recommended to increase system performance in the future scope of work.
... The results showed that productivity was improved by 71.2% when the combination of a coral fleece wick and a wire mesh absorber was used, with a productivity of around 4.28 l/day. Agboola et al., [28], tested a tilted wick solar still, his daily productivity of distilled water reached 3.25 kg/m 2 with an efficiency of about 40.1%. Sharon et al., [29], studied a stepped wick solar still. ...
Solar distillation is a very economical process for the fresh water production, especially in arid and semi-arid areas where solar energy is abundant. Several types of solar stills have been designed and manufactured for a purpose to increase their performances. This work aims to study experimentally under outdoor conditions of Hodna’s region, two types of solar still, the first is an inclined solar still with different wick thicknesses (thick, medium and thin) operating in drop by drop system of feed water and the other is conventional. Four clear days of the April months have been chosen to experiment the solar stills performances. The results showed that the solar stills performances are notably influenced by design and operating conditions, as revealed by the daily production and efficiency values of the inclined solar still with thin wick which achieved 4.14 liter/m2.day and 46.66%, with an improvement of about 23.21% and 12.56 % respectively, compared to those of the conventional solar still, which reached 3.36 l/m2 and 34.1% respectively. In addition, the economic analysis illustrates that the low cost of one liter of distilled water and the quicker payback period at the same time are for the inclined solar still with a thin wick of about 0.011$/l and 77 days respectively.
... Indeed, a solar distiller using a wick is normally designed in form of an inclined model. Agboola et al. (Agboola et al. 2014), investigated inclined wick solar still and 3.25 kg/m 2 /day of potable water was produced 40.1% of energy efficiency. In the study of (Srivastava & Agrawal 2014), floating blackened jute cloth was employed in solar still, which showed an increase of up to 57.4% of productivity compared to a passive one. ...
Passive solar still is the simplest design for distilling seawater by harnessing solar energy. Although it is undeniable that solar still is a promising device to provide an additional freshwater source for global increasing water demand, low thermal efficiency along with daily distillate yield are its major disadvantages. A conventional solar still can produced 2 to 5 L/m2day. Various studies have been carried out to improve passive solar stills in terms of daily productivity, thermal efficiency, and economic effectiveness. Most of the researches that relate to the daily output improvement of passive solar still concentrates on enhancing evaporation or/and condensation processes. While the condensation process is influenced by wind velocity and characteristics of the condensed surface, the evaporation process is mainly affected by the temperature of basin water. Different parameters affect the brackish water temperature such as solar radiation, design parameters (for example water depth, insulators, basin liner absorptivity, reflectors, sun tracking system, etc). The inclined angle of the top cover is suggested to equal the latitude of the experimental place. Moreover, the decrease of water depth was obtained as a good operational parameter, however, the shallow water depth is required additional feed water for ensuring no dry spot existence. Reflectors and sun-tracking systems help solar still absorb as much solar intensity as possible. The internal reflector can enhance daily yield and efficiency of stepped solar still up to 75% and 56% respectively, whereas, passive solar still with the support of a sun-tracking system improved daily yield up to 22%. Despite large efforts to investigate the impact of the different parameters on passive solar distillation, the effect of the basin liner (including appropriate shapes and type of material), needs to be analyzed for improvement in practical utilization. The present work has reviewed the investigation of the solar still performance with various types of basin liner. The review of solar stills has been conducted critically with rectangular basin, fins basin, corrugated basin, wick type, steps shape, and cylindrical shape basin with variety of top cover shapes. The findings from this work conclude that the basin liner with a cylindrical shape had better performance in comparison with other metal types and provides higher freshwater output. Stepped type, inclined, fin absorber, and corrugated shapes had the efficient performance. Further exploration revealed that copper is the best-used material for the productivity of passive solar still.
... The price of distilled water generated by solar still depends on its assets cost and running expenditure. The economic analysis of solar still can be done as following (Agboola et al., 2014): ...
... 5.07 for traditional and modified still, respectively. Agboola et al. (2014), reported monetary exploration of different inclined solar desalination systems (Fig. 31) such as improved inclined water desalination (IISWD) and improved inclined water desalination with wire mesh (IISWDWM). As shown in Fig. 32, compared to CSS, the daily productivity for IISWD was found to be higher (6.41 kg/m 2 per day). ...
... Inclined solar water distillation system(Agboola et al., 2014). ...
Solar still is a cost-effective device to convert saline water into potable water using cleaner energy to tackle drinking water scarcity and waterborne diseases in rural and remote areas of developing countries and meeting the goal of sustainable development. For many decades, researchers have investigated the most energy-efficient and productive solar still designs to make them commercially viable for industrial and domestic applications. This paper presents the state-of-the-art review of the solar stills, based on techno-economic analysis to investigate the most economical and productive solar still design. From this study, it is observed that in case of the passive solar still, still with trays and internal mirrors is found as the most economical design (CPL=0.0021 $), and the solar still with Fresnel lens is found to be the most productive design (9.22 L/m² per day). Similarly, for active solar still, double-slope, single-basin solar still with flat plate collector is the most economical design (CPL=0.0078 $). Single-slope, single-basin still connected with two solar-dishes is the most productive design (13.63 L/m² per day). For the hybrid and miscellaneous solar still, low concentrating photovoltaic-thermal solar still is the most economical design (CPL=0.0013 $). Spherical solar still with parabolic reflector is the most productive design (8.25 L/m² per day). Comparing all the available solar still designs, it has been found that the low concentrating photovoltaic-thermal solar still is the most economical design. The cascade solar still with flat plate collector is the most productive design of the solar still. It is observed that the parabolic concentrator type tubular solar still with 4.71 L/m² per day productivity and 0.033 $/L cost of water production is the optimal solar still design. These identified designs can further be investigated for their commercialisation to achieve faster penetration of solar still technology in society.
... The cost of distilling water obtained from solar still depends on its capital and running cost. The economic analysis of solar still is carried out using the following assumptions, and the equations can be carried out as follows: 53,54 Assumptions used for economic analysis are as follows: ...
Solar still is a cost-effective and environment-friendly device to convert saline water into potable by employing solar energy in developing countries; however, it has an inferior thermal performance. This paper presents an attempt to improve energy efficiency and productivity of solar still by improving the design of the absorber plate. Modified solar still has been tested with a stepped-corrugated absorber plate. During the experimentation, it is found that the thermal performance of modified solar still is superior to conventional solar still. The average basin saline water temperature and the temperature difference between saline water and condenser glass cover are higher for stepped-corrugated solar still by 19.67 and 105.75%, respectively, as compared with conventional solar still. The average energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and productivity are found to be 259.61, 418.61 and 147.93% higher for stepped-corrugated solar still. Economic analysis indicates that the cost of distil water production is approximately Rs. 1.73 (0.023 $) per litre, and the payback period is 12 months, with carbon credits earned are approximately Rs. 11,998 (157.76 $).
... Minasian et al. (Minasian and Al-Karaghouli, 1995), tested a conventional solar still with a wick and found that it was 85% more productive than traditional still. Agboola et al. (2014), tested the inclined solar still with wick ( Fig. 4) and got 3.25 kg/m 2 per day distilled water with daily efficiency of 40.1%. Shrivastava et al. (Pankaj K Srivastava, 2014), studied solar still consisted of floating blackened jute cloth pieces (Fig. 5). ...
... Inclined still with the wick(Agboola et al., 2014). ...
Conventional solar still owns poor efficiency and low distillate output. Many investigators improved the performance of solar still by varying the design of its components. This paper evaluates the effect of several design modifications on the performance of solar still to investigate the most excellent design suitable for industrial and domestic application. From this review, it is found that for single-basin single-slope passive solar still, still integrated with the Fresnel lens with 638% improvement in productivity appears to be a superior design. For single-basin single-slope active solar still, stepped still coupled to solar air heater is the most suitable design with 112% improvement in productivity. For double-basin single-slope solar still, still with reflectors, flat plate collector and the mini solar pond is the finest design with productivity improvement of 127.65%. For a single-basin multiple-slope solar still, hybrid solar still with PV/T collector is the productive design with 370% increase in freshwater yield. Out of all innovative energy-efficient design of solar stills, the most significant improvement in productivity is 676% delivered by tubular design consisting of a semicircular trough filled by a black cloth and coupled to an external reflector. From this investigation, it is found that for domestic application, single-basin single-slope cascade solar still is the most suitable and economical design; however, for industrial application, tubular still with the wick is the most appropriate design.
... Two major advantages favor the use of solar stills-clean and free energy and friendly to environment [5] [6]. Also the availability of clean water is a necessity for reducing the spread of diseases in these countries [7] [8]. Solar still is the widely used solar desalination device. ...
... A review of performance, types, efficiencies and influencing parameters of solar distillation systems are available in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. In the design of any solar distillation system, the temperature difference (∆T p-g ) between the evaporating plate (T p ) and condensing cover (T g ) determines the productivity [1][2][3]. ...
... The design concept is aimed at increasing rate of evaporation leading to higher production by positioning the still at an effective angle to receive maximum energy from the sun, reducing reflection and increasing the effective area of the system. An inclined solar distillation system performs better when compared with a single basin solar still [1][2][3][4][5][7][8]36]. Kalidasa et al. [31] recapped the following qualities of an inclined solar distillation system: i. Increases system efficiency due to the basin angle to the horizontal surface; ii. ...
... The experimental results revealed that active solar still maximizes both fresh water productivity (10.06 l/m 2 ·day) as well as internal thermal efficiency (80.6%) compared with passive solar still (7.8 l/m 2 ·day productivity and 57.1% internal efficiency) under conditions of 1 cm basin brine depth and 3 mm glass cover thickness and by applying flash tactic cover cooling with 5 min on and 5 min off. 8 Dhiman & Tiwari,1990 [93] Effect of water flowing over the glass cover of a multiwick solar still ...
The decrease of condensed water due to the high temperature of the glass cover is a major setback of an inclined solar water distillation system under the climatic condition of Riyadh, with a summer ambient temperature of more than 45°C at peak time. The small distance between the absorber plate and the top cover glass affects the glass top temperature significantly. In this work, an inclined solar water distillation system was designed, fabricated and tested under the climatic condition of Riyadh to overcome this setback. Thus, this study investigated the effect of cooling the glass cover of an inclined solar water distillation system. The system was tested with three modifications: a system without glass cooling (ISWD), a system with part of the glass shaded with Silver Shade Mesh (SSM) (ISWD-SSM), and a system with intermittent water film (WF) cooling of the glass cover (ISWD-WF). Experimental results show that the use of shade (ISWD-SSM) and water film cooling (ISWD-WF) increased the yield by 10.77% and 58.98%, respectively.
