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Quantum Teleportation, the transfer of the state of one quantum system to another without direct interaction between both systems, is an important way to transmit information encoded in quantum states and to generate quantum correlations (entanglement) between remote quantum systems. So far, for photons, only superpositions of two distinguishable s...
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Citations
... Quantum entanglement has served as a key resource for various quantum information processing (QIP) tasks [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], leading numerous quantum communication protocols [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] to spring up in recent decades. Remote state preparation (RSP) has provided an efficient method to transmit the known quantum state through distributing entanglement resources [18][19][20][21][22][23], which consumes less classical information than quantum teleportation (QT) [24][25][26][27][28][29]. ...
The weight graph states (WGS) usually serve as the imperfect generation of the graph states due to the limitation in experiments. In this paper, we study the deterministic remote state preparation (RSP) protocol by leveraging multiple WGS. First, we introduce the quantum circuit of the entanglement concentration based on the theory of majorization, calculating the entanglement coefficients by applying the Schmidt decomposition onto the bipartite WGS. Then, we establish the positive operator-valued measurement (POVM) that helps to extract available entanglement for the RSP protocol. In three-particle 1D WGS, we demonstrate that the bipartite entanglement between the sender and the receiver depends on the measurement basis selected by the repeater node. Here we find a set of orthogonal bases that retains the entanglement unchanged, which guarantees the robustness of the RSP scheme. In the end, we discuss the performance of our protocol and extend the channel to the multi-particle 1D WGS, illustrating the relationship between the entanglements and the different weights of edges. Our scheme provides a viable method to reuse the imperfect graph states, hoping to contribute to the future study of graph states in quantum networks.
... Inspired by these schemes, constructing the interaction between qubits and qudits in quantum electrodynamics (QED), [26][27][28] which describes photon-atom or atom-atom interaction and has been used to realize quantum logic operations, [29][30][31] can also achieve the state transfer. Moreover, long-distance quantum teleportations [32][33][34] are based on quantum entanglement channels, and those entangled states are also prepared in samedimensional quantum objects. Researchers have proposed a number of schemes to prepare entanglements between atoms in QED systems. ...
Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit-qudit interaction induced by the cavity, our scheme can transfer quantum states effciently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can robustly generate a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers, showing its potential in realizing an entanglement channel. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions.
... The tuning of the pump wavelength, combined with the introduction of a temporal shift between the two photons of each pair, allowed to control the symmetry of the frequency combs and to produce either bunching or antibunching behavior in a HOM experiment, thus opening complementary perspectives to the those developed in this section. Overall, these results could be harnessed to study the effect of exchange statistics in various quantum simulation problems [147][148][149] with a chip-integrated platform, and for communication and computation protocols making use of antisymmetric high-dimensional quantum states [150,151]. ...
Integrated photonics provides a powerful approach for developing compact, stable, and scalable architectures for the generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum states of light. To this end, several material platforms are being developed in parallel, each providing its specific assets, and hybridization techniques to combine their strengths are available. This review focuses on AlGaAs, a III–V semiconductor platform combining a mature fabrication technology, direct band-gap compliant with electrical injection, low-loss operation, large electro-optic effect, and compatibility with superconducting detectors for on-chip detection. We detail recent implementations of room-temperature sources of quantum light based on the high second- and third-order optical nonlinearities of the material, as well as photonic circuits embedding various functionalities ranging from polarizing beamsplitters to Mach–Zehnder interferometers, modulators, and tunable filters. We then present several realizations of quantum state engineering enabled by these recent advances and discuss open perspectives and remaining challenges in the field of integrated quantum photonics with AlGaAs.
... 252 With the introduction of additional ancillary photons to the projection measurements, however, the degeneracy may be broken. 252,253 Refs. 41 and 42 subsequently constructed setups to achieve this with a scaling of d − 2 additional single photons and log 2 (d) − 1 additional pair, respectively. ...
Structured light has become topical of late, where controlling light in all its degrees of freedom has offered novel states of light long predicted, enhanced functionality in applications, and a modern toolbox for probing fundamental science. Structuring light as single photons and entangled states allows the spatial modes of light to be used to encode a large alphabet, accessing high dimensional Hilbert spaces for fundamental tests of quantum mechanics and improved quantum information processing tasks. In this tutorial, we outline the basic concepts of high dimensional quantum states expressed in a basis of spatial modes (structured light) and explain how to create, control, and detect such quantum states in the laboratory with a focus on transverse spatial modes such as the orbital angular momentum and pixel (position) modes. Finally, we highlight some example applications of such quantum structured light, from communications to imaging.
... Teleportation of photonic qudits increases the quantum information sent per carrier photon. Teleportation of qudits can be achieved either by preparing d additional photons in a highly entangled state [11] or by transcribing qudit encoded on a single photon to d qubits carried by light modes which propagate along different optical paths [12]. Moreover, qudits can carry information over a plethora of media ranging from free space optical links to multi-core and multi-mode optical fibres, and peer-to-peer underwater acoustic communications [13]. ...
Multiple photonic degrees of freedom can be explored to generate high-dimensional quantum states; commonly referred to as `qudits'. Qudits offer several advantages for quantum communications, including higher information capacity, noise resilience and data throughput, and lower information loss over different propagation mediums (free space, optical fibre, underwater) as compared to conventional qubits based communication system. However, qudits have been little exploited in literature, owing to their difficulty in transmission and detection. In this paper, for the first time, we develop and formulate the theoretical framework for transmission of classical information through entanglement distribution of qudits over two quantum channels in superposition of alternative causal order. For the first time we i) engineer quantum switch operation for 2-qudit systems and ii) formulate theoretical system model for entanglement distribution of qudits via quantum switch. Results show that entanglement distribution of a qudit provides a considerable gain in fidelity even with increase in noise.
... dynamics (QED) [34][35][36][37][38][39], which describes photon-atom or atom-atom interaction and has been used to realize quantum logic operations [40][41][42], can also achieve the state transfer. Moreover, long-distance quantum teleportations [43][44][45][46][47][48][49] are based on quantum entanglement channels, and those entangled states are also prepared in same-dimensional quantum objects. Researchers have proposed a number of schemes to prepare entanglements between atoms in QED systems [50][51][52]. ...
Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit-qudit interaction, our scheme can transfer quantum states efficiently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can be extended to the non-local case, where a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers can be robustly generated for realizing long-distance quantum communication. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions.
... Since the above two limitations in traditional microwave photonic systems are come from the detecting part of the whole system, it is possible to overcome the above limitations by explore new detecting schemes. In recent years, photonic quantum technology has been rapidly developed and provided promising implementation paths for modern quantum technology [16][17][18][19][20]. In photonic quantum systems, optical signal with ultra-weak power that down to single photon level can be detected by using highly sensitive single-photon detection scheme [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
As the main branch of microwave photonics, radio-over-fiber technology provides high bandwidth, low-loss, and long-distance propagation capability, facilitating wide applications ranging from telecommunication to wireless networks. With ultrashort pulses as the optical carrier, a large capacity is further endowed. However, the wide bandwidth of ultrashort pulses results in the severe vulnerability of high-frequency radio frequency (RF) signals to fiber dispersion. With a time-energy entangled biphoton source as the optical carrier combined with the single-photon detection technique, a quantum microwave photonics method in radio-over-fiber systems is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The results show that it not only realizes unprecedented nonlocal RF signal modulation with strong resistance to the dispersion but also provides an alternative mechanism to distill the RF signal out from the dispersion effectively. Furthermore, the spurious-free dynamic ranges of the nonlocally modulated and distilled RF signals have been significantly improved. With the ultra-weak detection and the high-speed processing advantages endowed by the low-timing-jitter single-photon detection, the quantum microwave photonics method opens new possibilities in modern communication and networks.
... Different spectrum symmetries of photon pairs are required in quantum information protocols. For instance, photon pairs with an antisymmetric distribution of degree of freedom have applications in quantum computation and communication protocols [24,25]. Anyons, which are quasiparticles with fractional statistics, have been observed only recently experimentally in quantum electronics experiments [26]. ...
... We recover the previous case when µ = 0, because the real part of the Fourier transform of f + is the cosine Fourier transform. Now, if the JSA is antisymmetric, the wavefunction in Eq. (20) is reduced to: (25) and the coincidence probability can be expressed as ...
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the symmetry of the biphoton wavefunction on the coincidence measurement of the generalized Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer, where there are a temporal and frequency shift operations between the two beam-splitters. We show that the generalized MZ interferometer is the measurement of the short-time Fourier transform of the function modeling the energy conservation of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process if the full biphoton state is symmetric, and of the symmetric characteristic distribution of the phasematching function if the state is antisymmetric. Thus, this technique is phase-sensitive to the spectral distribution of the photon pairs. Finally, we investigate in detail the signature of a pair of anyons whose peculiar statistics can be simulated by engineering the spectrum of photon pairs.
... Different spectrum symmetries of photon pairs are required in quantum information protocols. For instance, photon pairs with an antisymmetric distribution of degree of freedom have applications in quantum computation and communication protocols [20,21]. The shaping of the spectral distribution of photon pairs allows simulating the particle's statistics of fermions [22], namely, producing a photon pair with an antisymmetric spectrum. ...
In this paper, we investigate the influence of the symmetry of the biphoton wavefunction on the coincidence measurement of the generalized Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometer, where there are a temporal and frequency shift operations between the two beam-splitters. We show that the generalized MZ interferometer is the measurement of the short-time Fourier transform of the function modeling the energy conservation of a spontaneous parametric down-conversion process if the full biphoton state is symmetric, and of the symmetric characteristic distribution of the phase-matching function if the state is antisymmetric. Thus, this technique is phase-sensitive to the spectral distribution of the photon pairs. Finally, we investigate in detail the signature of a pair of anyons whose peculiar statistics can be simulated by engineering the spectrum of photon pairs.
... Several theoretical proposals have been made to extend teleportation from qubits to d-dimensional qudits using linear optics [39][40][41], but none have yet been realised experimentally for d > 3, with the present state-of-the-art (d = 3) designed by a computer simulation [42] but still needing ancillary photons. Nonlinear optical approaches have been proposed [8,43,44], and used to perform a complete Bell state measurement, but only for qubit polarisation states [45], where ancillary photons are inconsequential. ...
Quantum teleportation allows protected information exchange between distant parties, a crucial resource in future quantum networks. Using high-dimensional quantum states for teleportation offers the promise of higher information capacity channels, protection against optimal cloning machines and improved resilience to noise. However, such promising advantages are limited by the commonly used linear optical detection schemes that require ancillary photons, where the number of entangled photons grows with the dimension of the quantum state to be teleported. Here we overcome this restriction and experimentally realise the teleportation of high-dimensional states with just three photons, enabled by nonlinear optical detection. To create high-dimensional quantum states we employ photonic spatial modes and demonstrate a ten-dimensional teleportation channel, exceeding the state-of-the-art of two spatial modes for qubit teleportation and qutrit teleportation with four and five photons. Our experimental scheme is not basis dependent and easily scaled in dimension without changing its three-photon configuration, making high-dimensional teleportation practically feasible for future high-bandwidth robust quantum networks.
