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![Thermal heating induced morphology changes in MDMO‐PPV:PCBM based films. Reproduced with permission.[⁸²] Copyright 2008, Elsevier.](publication/340862157/figure/fig6/AS:11431281172972649@1688714628459/Thermal-heating-induced-morphology-changes-in-MDMO-PPVPCBM-based-films-Reproduced-with.png)
Thermal heating induced morphology changes in MDMO‐PPV:PCBM based films. Reproduced with permission.[⁸²] Copyright 2008, Elsevier.
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The organic solar cell (OSC) is a promising emerging low-cost thin film photovoltaics technology. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs has overpassed 16% for single junction and 17% for organic-organic tandem solar cells with the development of low bandgap organic materials synthesis and device processing technology. The main barrier of co...
Citations
... Organic PV (OPV) modules offer wavelength selective transparency [93]. However, OPV modules typically face scalability challenges and have a low resilience to factors such as heat, water, oxygen, high irradiation, and mechanical stress [94]. OPV modules installed inside a polytunnel greenhouse however had longer lifespans compared to those installed outside [95]. ...
... On the other hand, OPV energy payback times are much lower compared to silicon technologies (Hollingsworth, Ravishankar, O'Connor, Johnson, & DeCarolis, 2020) and when mass production can be achieved their costs are also expected to reduce significantly (Riede, Spoltore, & Leo, 2021). Their main barrier to commercialisation currently remains their relatively short lifetimes (Duan & Uddin, 2020). Gorjian et al. (2022) summarised the progress of agrivoltaics using semi-transparent PV technologies. ...
... Stability of OSCs represents a crucial factor for commercialization. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the factors affecting photovoltaic performance and device lifetime [77,78]. Hereupon, the efficiency is attenuated with ZnO and ZnO NP/ZnO ELTs for both (PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6) types of devices. ...
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are becoming increasingly popular in the scientific community because of their many desirable properties. These features include solution processability, low weight, low cost, and the ability to process on a wide scale using roll-to-roll technology. Enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems, particularly high-performance OSCs, requires study into not only material design but also interface engineering. This study demonstrated that two different types of OSCs based on the PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6 active layers use a ZnO bilayer electron transport layer (ETL). The ZnO bilayer ETL comprises a ZnO nanoparticle (ZnO NP) and a ZnO layer created from a sol-gel. The effect of incorporating ZnO NPs into the electron transport layer (ETL) was studied; in particular, the effects on the electrical, optical, and morphological properties of the initial ZnO ETL were analyzed. The ability of ZnO films to carry charges is improved by the addition of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs), which increase their conductivity. The bilayer structure had better crystallinity and a smoother film surface than the single-layer sol-gel ZnO ETL. This led to a consistent and strong interfacial connection between the photoactive layer and the electron transport layer (ETL). Therefore, inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) with PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F and PM6:Y6 as photoactive layers exhibit improved power conversion efficiency and other photovoltaic properties when using the bilayer technique.
... Also included are the guidelines from the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability. The different research approaches that may be used to attain the necessary device efficiency and stability are outlined, opening up prospective routes for the successful commercialization of OSCs [30]. ...
This comprehensive review explores the forefront of nanohybrid materials, focusing on the integration of coordination materials in various applications, with a spotlight on their role in the development of flexible solar cells. coordination material-based nanohybrids, characterized by their unique properties and multifunctionality, have garnered significant attention in fields ranging from catalysis and sensing to drug delivery and energy storage. the discussion investigates the synthesis methods, properties, and potential applications of these nanohybrids, underscoring their versatility in materials science. Additionally, the review investigates the integration of coordination nanohybrids in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), showcasing their ability to enhance the performance and stability of next-generation photovoltaic devices. the narrative further expands to encompass the synthesis of luminescent nanohybrids for bioimaging purposes and the development of layered two-dimensional (2D) material-based nanostructured hybrids for energy storage and conversion. the exploration culminates in an examination of the synthesis of conductive polymer nanostructures, elucidating their potential in drug delivery systems. lastly, the article discusses the cutting-edge realm of flexible solar cells, emphasizing their adaptability and lightweight design. Through a systematic examination of these diverse nanohybrid materials, this review sheds light on the current state of the art, challenges, and prospects, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, and renewable energy.
... Organic solar cells (OSCs), which are created based on composites of an electrondonating conjugated polymer and an electron-accepting fullerene, are considered to hold promise as a low cost, printable, portable, and flexible energy source for use in the near future [1][2][3][4]. There have been extensive efforts made over the past few decades to improve the associated materials and the device science, which has led to encouraging progress, with power conversion efficiencies approaching~19% [5][6][7]. ...
The bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) system that uses a π-conjugated polymer as an electron donor, and a fullerene derivative as an electron acceptor, is widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs) to facilitate efficient charge separation and extraction. However, the conventional BHJ system still suffers from unwanted phase segregation caused by the existence of significant differences in surface energy between the two BHJ components and the charge extraction layer during film formation. In the present work, we demonstrate a sophisticated control of fast film-growth kinetics that can be used to achieve a uniform distribution of donor and acceptor materials in the BHJ layer of OSCs without undesirable phase separation. Our approach involves depositing the BHJ solution onto a spinning substrate, thus inducing rapid evaporation of the solvent during BHJ film formation. The fast-growth process prevents the fullerene derivative from migrating toward the charge extraction layer, thereby enabling a homogeneous distribution of the fullerene derivative within the BHJ film. The OSCs based on the fast-growth BHJ thin film are found to exhibit substantial increases in JSC, fill factor, and a PCE up to 11.27 mA/cm2, 66%, and 4.68%, respectively; this last value represents a remarkable 17% increase in PCE compared to that of conventional OSCs.
... [7] Research shows that material composition, active layer morphology, carrier transport layer optimization and processing methods have a significant impact on the efficiency and stability of solar cells. There are many factors related to the stability of OSCs and PSCs, including the intrinsic stability, photothermalinduced degradation, oxygen and water in the air, mechanical instability, etc. [8] Scientists have been working on various aspects to improve the performance and stability of solar cells, but research on the mechanism and physical theory of device stability is still lacking. ...
The emerging photovoltaic (PV) technologies, such as organic and perovskite PVs, have the characteristics of complex compositions and processing, resulting in a large multidimensional parameter space for the development and optimization of the technologies. Traditional manual methods are time‐consuming and labor‐intensive in screening and optimizing material properties. Materials genome engineering (MGE) advances an innovative approach that combines efficient experimentation, big database and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to accelerate materials research and development. High‐throughput (HT) research platforms perform multidimensional experimental tasks rapidly, providing a large amount of reliable and consistent data for the creation of materials databases. Therefore, the development of novel experimental methods combining HT and AI can accelerate materials design and application, which is beneficial for establishing material‐processing‐property relationships and overcoming bottlenecks in the development of emerging PV technologies. This review introduces the key technologies involved in MGE and overviews the accelerating role of MGE in the field of organic and perovskite PVs.
... Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered considerable interest from both academia and industry due to their distinctive advantages, including lightweight design, exceptional flexibility, and promising scalability through roll-toroll printing methodologies. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In the last two decades, significant research has been dedicated to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs through strategies such as the design of high-performance donor and acceptor materials [5,[7][8] , optimizing carrier transport layers [9][10][11] , employing ternary active layer materials [6,[12][13] , using tandem device structures [14][15] , light management [16][17] , etc. So far, the PCE of both single-junction devices and tandem devices has improved to more than 19%. ...
... Prominent examples of such materials include calcium (Ca), barium (Ba), or lithium fluoride (LiF), inserted between the extracted electrode and the active layer of the OSC. [10] Nevertheless, it is worth noting that these cathode interlayers composed of Ca, Ba, or LiF exhibit sensitivity to ambient moisture and oxygen levels. The introduction of airstable n-type inorganic metal oxides such as titanium oxide (TiOx), zinc oxide (ZnO), or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) as electron transport layers (ETLs) has This is a Just Accepted version, keep updated with https://doi.org/10.26599/EMD.2024.9370033 ...
... Hence, the replacement of the anode from MoO x /Ag to AgO x /Ag significantly improves the interface adhesion. Moisture permeation from the interface could lead to increased defect density 47 and delamination 48 , resulting in efficiency deterioration [49][50][51] . The strengthened interface plays a significant role in preventing the delamination of the electrode and active layer. ...
Ultraflexible organic photovoltaics have emerged as a potential power source for wearable electronics owing to their stretchability and lightweight nature. However, waterproofing ultraflexible organic photovoltaics without compromising mechanical flexibility and conformability remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics through the in-situ growth of a hole-transporting layer to strengthen interface adhesion between the active layer and anode. Specifically, a silver electrode is deposited directly on top of the active layers, followed by thermal annealing treatment. Compared with conventional sequentially-deposited hole-transporting layers, the in-situ grown hole-transporting layer exhibits higher thermodynamic adhesion between the active layers, resulting in better waterproofness. The fabricated 3 μm-thick organic photovoltaics retain 89% and 96% of their pristine performance after immersion in water for 4 h and 300 stretching/releasing cycles at 30% strain under water, respectively. Moreover, the ultraflexible devices withstand a machine-washing test with such a thin encapsulation layer, which has never been reported. Finally, we demonstrate the universality of the strategy for achieving waterproof solar cells.
... Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their fast advancements in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and their cost-effective and low-temperature production methods. [1][2][3][4] Over the past few years, OPV performance has steadily improved, attributed to notable progress in donor and acceptor materials and advancements in interfacial engineering of devices. 5 The OPVs consist of two main components in their active layer: the donor (D) material and the acceptor (A) material. ...
In bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs), non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have lately surpassed their fullerene counterparts in photovoltaic performance. This progress in NFA OPVs may encourage the exploration of varied OPV device architectures, either deviating from or expanding upon the fundamental BHJ structure. This study employs numerical simulations on PBDB-T:NCBDT OPVs using graphene oxide (GO) as the hole transport layer (HTL) to examine the influence of thickness, defect density, and interface defects on device performance. Following optimization, the device exhibits short-circuit current (JSC) of 27.92 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.08 V, fill factor (FF) of 72.57%, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.84%. These findings support the further development of NFA-OPVs employing GO as the HTL.
... [68] In addition, compared with silicon solar cells, OSCs suffer from poor long-term environmental stability, limiting their commercialization. [69][70][71][72] Hence, this has prompted significant research interest in developing highly efficient and sustainable devices through approaches, such as incorporating novel materials into the different components of OSCs, to overcome the limitations of the commonly used traditional materials. ...
The transition to sustainable transportation has fueled the need for innovative electric vehicle (EV) charging solutions. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) systems have emerged as a promising technology that combines renewable energy generation with the infra‐structure of buildings. This paper comprehensively reviews the BIPV system for EV charging, focusing on its technology, application, and performance. The review identifies the gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for a thorough examination of BIPV systems in the context of EV charging. A detailed review of BIPV technology and its application in EV charging is presented, covering aspects such as the generation of solar cell technology, BIPV system installation, design options and influencing factors. Furthermore, the review examines the performance of BIPV systems for EV charging, focusing on energy, economic, and environmental parameters and their comparison with previous studies. Additionally, the paper explores current trends in energy management for BIPV and EV charging, highlighting the need for effective integration and recommending strategies to optimize energy utilization. Combining BIPV with EV charging provides a promising approach to power EV chargers, enhances building energy efficiency, optimizes the building space, reduces energy losses, and decreases grid dependence. Utilizing BIPV‐generated electricity for EV charging provides electricity and fuel savings, offers financial incentives, and increases the market value of the building infrastructure. It significantly lowers greenhouse gas emissions associated with grid and vehicle emissions. It creates a closed‐loop circular economic system where energy is produced, consumed, and stored within the building. The paper underscores the importance of effective integration between Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) charging, emphasizing the necessity of innovative grid technologies, energy storage solutions, and demand‐response energy management strategies to overcome diverse challenges. Overall, the study contributes to the knowledge of BIPV systems for EV charging by presenting practical energy management, effectiveness and sustainability implications. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working towards sustainable transportation and energy systems.
